C++ dasturlash tilida o’zgaruvchilar
![Tiplarning hotiradagi kattaligini kopsatadigan, bir parametr oladigan sizeof()
(sizeof - ning kattaligi) operatori mavjuddir. Uning yordamida tiplarning,
o'zgaruvchilarning yoki massivlarning kattaliklarini aniqlash mumkin. Agar
o'zgaruvchi nomi berilsa, () qavslar berilishi shart emas, tip, massiv va pointer
nomlari esa () qavslar ichida beriladi. Bir misol beraylik.
19 // sizeof() operatori
# include <iostream.h>
int k;
int *pk;
char ch;
char *pch;
double dArray[20];
int main()
{
cout << sizeof (int) << " - " << sizeof k << " - "
<< sizeof (pk) << endl;
// tip nomi o'zgaruvchi
pointer
cout <<sizeof (char) << " - " <<sizeof ch << " - "
<< sizeof (pch) << endl;
cout << " \ nMassiv hotirada egallagan umumiy joy
( baytlarda): "](https://docx.uz/documents/a07bf440-75cc-4fbf-b2db-28fd22a9084a/page_19.png?v=1)
![Ko‘rib turganingizdek, « unsignet » so‘zi o‘sha tipni barcha maksimum
qiymatlarini qo‘shib, faqat musbat qiymatlarni qabul qila olar ekan. Ba’zi
kompyuterlarda o‘zgaruvchi tiplari xotiradan xar hil yacheyka miqdorini olishi
mumkin(kompyuter razryadiga qarab). O‘zgaruvchi xotiradan nechi baytini band
qilishini aniq bilishi uchun, C++da « sizeof » nomli funksiya mavjud. keling shu
funksiyani misolda ko‘ramiz.
cout<<"int - "<<sizeof(int)<<"bayt"<<"\n";
cout<<"long int - "<<sizeof(long int)<<"bayt"<<"\n";
cout<<"double - "<<sizeof(double)<<"bayt"<<"\n";
cout<<"float - "<<sizeof(float)<<"bayt"<<"\n";
cout<<"char - "<<sizeof(char)<<"bayt"<<"\n"; return
0;
23 #include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
cout<<"bool - "<<sizeof(bool)<<"bayt "<<" \ n";
}](https://docx.uz/documents/a07bf440-75cc-4fbf-b2db-28fd22a9084a/page_23.png?v=1)
![Natija:
Natijadan ko‘rinib turibdiki, bu funksiya baytlarni aniq ko‘rsatib beradi.
Endi bu o‘zgaruvchilarni kod ichida qo‘llaymiz. Demak, bir nechta
o‘zgaruvchilarni e’lon qilamiz va amallar bajaramiz.
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream> using
namespace std;
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
int test1; test1 = 10;
short int test2=20; long
int test3, test4;
float test5, test6 = 1.5;test3 = test1+test2; test4
= test3;
test5 = test6*2;cout <<"test1="<<test1<<"\n"; cout
<<"test2="<<test2<<"\n";
cout <<"test3="<<test3<<"\n"; cout
<<"test4="<<test4<<"\n"; cout
<<"test5="<<test5<<"\n"; cout
<<"test6="<<test6<<"\n"; return 0;
}
Natija:
24](https://docx.uz/documents/a07bf440-75cc-4fbf-b2db-28fd22a9084a/page_24.png?v=1)
![1. Masala sharti: x, y haqiyqiy sonlari berilgan ulardan kattasini
chiqaruvchi dastur tuzing.
Dastur kodi:
#include <iostream>
#include <math.h> using
namespace std; int main()
{ int y, x, max; cout
<<"x="; cin >>x;
cout<<“y=“;cin>>y; if
( x>y) max=x; Else max=y;
cout << max<< endl;
return 0;
Dastur interfeysi:
2. Masala sharti: a[n][m] Matritsa berilgan berilgan matritsa
elementlari orasida eng kattasini aniqlovchi dastur tuzing:
Dastur kodi:
#include <iostream> using
namespace std; int main() {
int i,j,n,m,max;
cin>>n>>m; int a[n][m];
for (i=0; i<n; i++) for
(j=0; j<m; j++)
27](https://docx.uz/documents/a07bf440-75cc-4fbf-b2db-28fd22a9084a/page_27.png?v=1)
![cin>>a[i][j]; max=a[0]
[0]; for (i=0; i<n; i++)
for (j=0; j<m; j++) if
(max<a[i][j]) max=a[i]
[j]; cout<<max; return
0;
}
Dastur interfeysi:
3. Masala sharti: Berilgan N:M matritsadan har bir ustundagi eng katta
elementni hisoblash dasturi tuzilsin Dastur kodi:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int i,j,n,m,max;
cin>>n>>m; int a[n][m];
for (i=0; i<n; i++) for
(j=0; j<n; j++)
cin>>a[i][j]; for (i=0;
i<n; i++)
{
max=a[i][0]; for(j=0;
j<m; j++) if (max<a[i]
[j]) max=a[i][j];
cout<<max<<endl;
28](https://docx.uz/documents/a07bf440-75cc-4fbf-b2db-28fd22a9084a/page_28.png?v=1)
![} return
0;
}
Dastur interfeysi :
4. Masala sharti: Yil faslini bildiruvchi 1, 2, 3, 4 sonlaridan biri kiritilsin.
Shu songa tegishli fasl oylarini chiqaruvchi dastur tuzilsin.
Dastur kodi:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() { int
n;
cout <<"Belgilangan fasl sonini kiriting"<<endl;
cin>>n; switch (n) {
case 1: cout << "Qish [Dekabr, Yanvar, Fevral.] ";
break;
case 2: cout << "Baxor [Mart, Aprel, May.] "; break;
case 3: cout << "Yoz [Iyun, iyul, avgust.] "; break;
case 4: cout << "Kuz [Sentabr, Oktabr, Noyabr.] ";
break;
default : cout <<"Bir yilda to'rt fasl bor";
} return
0;
}
29](https://docx.uz/documents/a07bf440-75cc-4fbf-b2db-28fd22a9084a/page_29.png?v=1)
C++ dasturlash tilida o’zgaruvchilar