Bukhara - Английский язык - Презентации

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Bukhara

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History The history of Bukhara stretches back millennia. It is now the capital of Bukhara Region (viloyat) of Uzbekistan. Located on the Silk Road, the city has long been a center of trade, scholarship, culture, and religion. During the golden age of the Samanids, Bukhara became a major intellectual center of the Islamic world, second only to Baghdad. The historic center of Bukhara, which contains numerous mosquesand madrassas, has been listed by UNESCO as one of the World Heritage Sites. Bukhara has been one of the main centres of world civilisation from its early days in 6th century BCE. From the 6th century CE, Turkic speakers gradually moved in. Its architecture and archaeological sites form one of the pillars of Central Asian history and art. The region of Bukhara was a part of the Pe

Bukhara under siege by Red Army troops and burning, 1 September 1920Bukhara was the last capital of the Emirate of Bukhara and was besieged by the Red Army during the Russian Civil War . During the Bukhara operation of 1920 , an army of well-disciplined and well equipped Red Army troops under the command of Bolshevik general Mikhail Frunze attacked the city of Bukhara. On 31 August 1920, the Emir Alim Khan fled to Dushanbe in Eastern Bukhara (later he escaped from Dushanbe to Kabul inAfghanistan). On 2 September 1920, after four days of fighting, the emir’s citadel (the Ark ) was destroyed, the red flag was raised from the top ofKalyan Minaret. On 14 September 1920, the All-Bukharan Revolutionary Committee was set up, headed by A. Mukhitdinov. The government – the Council of

The Bukharan People's Soviet Republic existed from 1920 to 1925 when the city was integrated into the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic. Fitzroy Maclean, then a young diplomat in the British Embassy in Moscow, made a surreptitious visit to Bokhara in 1938, sight-seeing and sleeping in parks. In his memoir Eastern Approaches , he judged it an "enchanted city" with buildings that rivalled "the finest architecture of the Italian Renaissance". In the latter half of the 20th century, the War in Afghanistan and Civil war in Tajikistan brought Dari and Tajik-speaking refugees into Bukhara and Samarkand. After integrating themselves into the local Tajik population, these cities face a movement for annexation into Tajikistan with which the cities have no common border. www.arxiv.

Transportation Bukhara train station Bukhara Airport has regularly scheduled flights to cities in Uzbekistan and Russia. The M37 highway connects the city to most of the major cities in Turkmenistanincluding Ashgabat. The city is also served by railroad links with the rest of Uzbekistan. www.arxiv.uz

Demographics Uzbekistan, Bukhara, Spices and silk festival According to the official statistics, the city's population is 82% Uzbeks, 6% Russians, 4% Iranians, 3% Tatars, 1%Koreans, 1% Turkmens, 1% Ukrainians, 2% of other ethnicities. However, official Uzbek numbers have for long been criticized and refuted by various observers and Western sources and it is widely assumed that the population of the city consists mainly of Persian-speaking Tajiks, with ethnic Uzbeks forming a growing minority. Exact figures are difficult to evaluate, since many people in Uzbekistan either identify as "Uzbek" even though they speak Tajik as their first language, or because they are registered as Uzbeks by the central government despite their Tajik language and identity. www.arxiv.uz

According to Soviet estimates in the early 20th century (based on numbers from 1913 and 1917), the Tajiks formed the overwhelming majority of city. Until the 20th century, Bukhara was also home to the (also Persian- speaking) Bukharan Jews, whose ancestors settled in the city during Roman times. Most Bukharan Jews left the city between 1925 and 2000 and settled in Israel and theUnited States of America. Dehkhoda defines the name Bukhara itself as meaning "full of knowledge", referring to the fact that in antiquity, Bukhara was a scientific and scholarship powerhouse. In the Italian romanticepic Orlando innamorato by Matteo Mari Boiardo, Bukhara is called Albracca and described as a major city of Cathay. There, within its walled city and fortress, Angelica and the knights she has

Wedding traditions in Uzbekistan - Wedding traditions in Uzbekistan - wedding in Bukharawedding in Bukhara Wedding in Uzbekistan - it is a very responsible arrangement, which is prepared very carefully. For many years mother of maturing daughter has put in a trunk all that in the future should be needed in preparation for the wedding. This is not only his daughter's dowry, but those gifts (lengths of cloth to make dresses, shirts), which will need to endow future relatives. Matchmaking Detail information about the girl and her family is collected from the future groom side. Whether she knows how to cook, if her character is obstinate, if she is beautiful? Then matchmakers are sent to the house of the girl. Nowadays matchmakers may be mother of the future groom and someone from close re

They take with themselves sweets, cakes, put a piece of fabric. Even if the girls side has been warned about coming of the matchmakers, at such meetings they try not to cook and serve the hot, just put sweets, tea on the table, as Bukharians believe in signs that a girl can not marry for a long time. The girl's side do not give consent from the first time. If matchmakers displeased, then all, what the guests brought, is returned to them back. If they hint by saying that they would think, they leave something of brought. Only on the third time the girl's side give their consent and pre-decided dates for the wedding. www.arxiv.uz

Wedding Events 1. Shirini khuri ( "eat sweets") or djavob berdi ( "gave the answer"). The next stage, when from groom's side a few men (elders) are invited to the bride's house, in order to discuss specific dates of wedding. The girl's side gives a list, which stipulates what things should be given as gifts to the bride: the lengths of cloth and fabrics for dresses, dresses, suits, coats, winter and summer boots, gold jewelry, the national costume. Fixed number of guests at a wedding from both sides and the expense of wedding and all pre-wedding activities. Hence the groom's family should bring before the wedding all the necessary products to the bride's house: livestock, rice, oil, vegetables, alcohol, beverages, flour, fruit, sweets. www.arxiv.uz

2. Fotiya or Zanona ("Engagement" or "Gathering of Women") – women's wedding. This event is pre-negotiated, and the groom's side brings all food and refreshments the day before Fotiya. Early in the morning in the house of the groom women gather and begin to prepare Lali (trays), they put the gifts, which first have demonstrated to all present. Their number must necessarily be even. Fotiya otherwise can be called an official matchmaking or feast of agreement. Usually, this event is held during the day. Festively dressed women and men, with lali on their hands Lali, go along the street. www.arxiv.uz

Fotiya otherwise can be called an official matchmaking or feast of agreement. Usually, this event is held during the day. Festively dressed women and men, with lali on their hands Lali, go along the street. Procession are led by musicians. Loud sounds karnai, surnai (national musical instruments) and drums are heard in the whole district, as if announcing to all that the girl from such house is betrothed, and soon there will begin preparations for the wedding. www.arxiv.uz

3. Hino bandon ("draw henna") In the bride's house there is arranged the event, to which the bride invited her friends. Girls singing, having fun, reading poetry. At this event, girls draw henna to their palms and feet, so the event is called "Hino bandon". During whole event the Bride changes her dresses and goes to her friends in her new smart clothes. www.arxiv.uz

4. Padar Osh("father's pilaf") In the evening, the day before the wedding, in the bride's house there are preparing for the morning pilaf. Men-oshpaz (cooks) and their volunteers cleaned and chopped carrots, onions, sifting rice. The famous Bukhara pilaf (Osh-Sophie) is prepared in 4 cauldrons. Once the recipe of this pilaf was kept in a deep secret and not every chef agreed to cook it. Padar Osh, literally translated from Tajik "father's pilaf". The girl's father gives his father's duty, seeing off his daughter to someone else's family. Therefore, at this event, the alcohol is not put on the table, as this day is a sad day for the father because he parts with his daughter. During this event very sad old song sounds. The morning pilaf is served at

Djuma-i-pushon ("clothe in a robe") On the same day in the groom's house, but in the evening, there is also preparing pilaf. During this event there is held an event called, "Djuma-i- pushon". The bride's side presents the groom a gold-embroidered robe, skullcap or a beautiful turban and embroidered waist scarf. The young man is put on all these things triumphantly by the elder, who then reads the prayer. The groom showered with money and sweets. In such attire, accompanied by close friends, a noisy procession with flaming torches, leads the groom to the bride's house. www.arxiv.uz

6. "Evening" (evening ceremony). Until comparatively recent days the wedding, according to tradition, took place in the house of the bride. In our days there are built large halls (tui-hona) for large celebrations. Weddings collect from 150 to 1000 people. It is believed that the wedding should be celebrated on Thursdays and Saturdays. Nowadays national marriage do not differ much from European weddings, may be only with its number of guests and the fact that at such events the national songs are sung and professional dancers should be present. After the wedding, the young couple go to the bride's house, and another test waits for them here. The bride dress up antique clothes, ichigi (light leather boots) pull on her feet, her face are closed by www.arxiv.uz

In the corner of a large room stretched something, like a curtain, there, under the motet, older women take the bride in. Then, likewise, the groom was taken in that place. After this event the guests with the groom leave the house of the bride. The bride in the antique dress spends her last night at her parents' house. The next day, at dawn, someone comes from the groom's family to take the bride to the groom's house. www.arxiv.uz

7. Ruybinon ("Ruy" - face, "binon" - to see) "Bride seeing" After the bride was brought to the groom's house, begins a small wedding. The close relatives of the groom, neighbors are invited to the event. In a large room a dowry of the bride is hung. Women come to get acquainted with the new member of the family and present the bride gifts (cloth, gold, money). Again, there are songs, sweets and foot on the tables. When guests go away, a bed is prepared in traditonal style. All this takes place in a solemn atmosphere, the most prosperous woman who has emerged successful marriage, have children, rolled on the bed of youngs, wishing that they formed a happy family life. www.arxiv.uz

8. Domod salom ((greeting-son- in-law). In a few days after the wedding the bride's family invites the young couple. This is their first visit to the bride's parents. The bride's mother prepares gifts for each guest and her son-in-law. www.arxiv.uz

9. Sar Shuyon or Joy Ghundoron ("make the bed"). In a week after the wedding on a return visit the bride's parents and relatives go to the young couple's house. They bring gifts. On this day the bed, which has been specially prepared for the newlyweds, is made. Joy Ghundoron " make the bed". At first wedding night there are prepared two beds for the young couple: one is high, another is low. On the seventh day after the wedding these beds are made. If the family adheres to the old attitudes, the girl's mother is given a sheet, as evidence of the innocence of the girl. Sar shuyon is literally translated as "wash one's hair". On her first visit the bride's mother brings gifts, among them there is pelvis (oftoba). This is due to the fact that in

10. Talbon. In the first months of family life the young coulpe are invited to visit relatives, fromboth side: the groom and the bride. This is the first invitation to the young couple as spouse. Table is set, all guests take presents. www.arxiv.uz

Bukhara Holiday Packages Want to book a holiday to Bukhara? Whether you're off for a romantic holiday, family trip, or an all-inclusive holiday, Bukhara holiday packages on TripAdvisor make planning your trip simple and affordable. Find the perfect holiday package for Bukhara on TripAdvisor by comparing Bukhara hotel and flight prices. Travellers like you have written 2,172 reviews and posted 1,321 candid photos for Bukhara hotels. Book your Bukhara holiday today! www.arxiv.uz

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