Bukhara is the pearl of the east - Английский язык - Презентации

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Bukhara is the pearl of the east

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Bukhara is the Bukhara is the pearl of the eastpearl of the east Cheked by: www.arxiv.uz

• Bukhara citadel of Ark obtained its modern appearance in the period Bukhara citadel of Ark obtained its modern appearance in the period of the Man-ghit dynasty (1747-1920). Ark was the center of Bukhara of the Man-ghit dynasty (1747-1920). Ark was the center of Bukhara statehood. There was a palace of Bukhara amir, mosques, exchequer, statehood. There was a palace of Bukhara amir, mosques, exchequer, governmental administration and prison. Its grand entrance fronted governmental administration and prison. Its grand entrance fronted the Registan Square. the Registan Square. The massive gates were reinforced with two towers connected by the The massive gates were reinforced with two towers connected by the gallery above. In the past a lash was hanged above the gate gallery above. In the pa

• Bolo-Hauz mosque Bolo-Hauz mosque • In the past In the past Registan Square was Registan Square was occupied by occupied by numerous beautiful numerous beautiful buildings. Today buildings. Today there is only there is only monument of monument of medieval Bukhara - medieval Bukhara - the Bolo-Hauz the Bolo-Hauz Ensemble. It is a Ensemble. It is a classic sample of classic sample of Central Asian Central Asian mosque: the winter mosque: the winter building of 1712, building of 1712, summer aivan of the summer aivan of the early 20th century early 20th century with ornamented with ornamented ceiling and wooden ceiling and wooden columns, small columns, small minaret constructed minaret constructed in 1917 by usto in 1917 by usto Shirin and small Shirin and small basin. basin. The brightes

Balyand mosqueBalyand mosque Balyand ("High") Mosque is Balyand ("High") Mosque is a small mosque in the rich a small mosque in the rich Bukhara quarter. Its age is Bukhara quarter. Its age is more than 500 years. G-more than 500 years. G- shaped column aivan shaped column aivan surrounds rectangular winter surrounds rectangular winter part of mosque. It served a part of mosque. It served a summer mosque. Mihrab and summer mosque. Mihrab and wall panels are faced with wall panels are faced with mosaics, and walls have mosaics, and walls have poiychromic painting with poiychromic painting with gilding. Vegetative ornament gilding. Vegetative ornament and inscriptions in Sulth and inscriptions in Sulth dominate. Wooden columns dominate. Wooden columns with stalactite capital

• Chashma Ayub Chashma Ayub • Chashma-Ayub belongs to the esteemed "places of trace" ("kadamjoi") left by saints. Legends Chashma-Ayub belongs to the esteemed "places of trace" ("kadamjoi") left by saints. Legends say that the bible prophet Job (Ayub) once visited this place. A blow of his staff created a well say that the bible prophet Job (Ayub) once visited this place. A blow of his staff created a well ("chash-ma"). Its water remains pure to this day, and is considered to have healing powers. ("chash-ma"). Its water remains pure to this day, and is considered to have healing powers. According to legend, a holy structure already existed here in the 12th century. The inscription According to legend, a holy structure already existed here in

• Chor-MinorChor-Minor • "Chor-minor" ("Four "Chor-minor" ("Four minarets") is a name of minarets") is a name of unusual Madrassah of unusual Madrassah of Caliph Niyazkul, built in Caliph Niyazkul, built in 1807. Madrassah has a 1807. Madrassah has a courtyard with one-courtyard with one- storied hudjras, column storied hudjras, column aivan of summer aivan of summer mosque and reservoir mosque and reservoir faced with stones. faced with stones. Original is the entrance Original is the entrance - four-arch dome - four-arch dome structure with four structure with four corner towers under corner towers under blue domes. Three blue domes. Three towers were used as towers were used as utility rooms. The fourth utility rooms. The fourth has a stair going to the h

• Toki-Zargaron, Toki-Sarrafon, Toki-Tilpak-Furushon Toki-Zargaron, Toki-Sarrafon, Toki-Tilpak-Furushon - shopping mall in Bukhara - shopping mall in Bukhara Historical monuments of Bukhara Historical monuments of Bukhara • Medieval Bukhara was a big business city receiving Medieval Bukhara was a big business city receiving merchants from Central Asia, Iran and India, Russia and merchants from Central Asia, Iran and India, Russia and China. The trading status of Bukhara influenced its China. The trading status of Bukhara influenced its planning and architecture. Central streets played a roleof planning and architecture. Central streets played a roleof markets, each of which specialized in some products. So, markets, each of which specialized in some products. So, domed and multi-arched bui

Gaukushan ensembleGaukushan ensemble The square with a The square with a stone pool in the stone pool in the center is located to center is located to the west from Toki-the west from Toki- Sarrafon at the edge Sarrafon at the edge of dwelling quarters of of dwelling quarters of the old city. There are the old city. There are two small madrassah two small madrassah and architectural and architectural ensemble of ensemble of Gaukushan related to Gaukushan related to the Shaybanid the Shaybanid buildings of the 16th buildings of the 16th century. This one-century. This one- storied complex storied complex includes mosque, low includes mosque, low minaret imitating minaret imitating Kalyan and madrassah Kalyan and madrassah with dome hudjras. with dome hudjras. www.arxiv.uz

• Sitorai-Mohi-Hosa Palace (late 19th c. - early 20th cc.) Sitorai-Mohi-Hosa Palace (late 19th c. - early 20th cc.) • Sitorai-Mohi-Hosa Palace was a country residence of Bukhara amirs. It Sitorai-Mohi-Hosa Palace was a country residence of Bukhara amirs. It had been under construction for two decades at the end of the 19th - had been under construction for two decades at the end of the 19th - early 20th centuries. Construction works at the old palace started at early 20th centuries. Construction works at the old palace started at amir Abdullahad-khan (died in 1910). He sent Bukhara masters to amir Abdullahad-khan (died in 1910). He sent Bukhara masters to Petersburg and Yalta to study Russian architecture. Using Russian Petersburg and Yalta to study Russian architecture. Using Russian exp

• The palace complex of Sitorai-Mohi-Hosa was finished at The palace complex of Sitorai-Mohi-Hosa was finished at amir Alim-khan. It included a grand entrance arch, amir Alim-khan. It included a grand entrance arch, courtyard with galleries, main building of European style courtyard with galleries, main building of European style before the basin and house for amir's harem in the garden. before the basin and house for amir's harem in the garden. Carving on stucco with mirror background in "White Hall" Carving on stucco with mirror background in "White Hall" that was done by Bukhara masters headed by usto Shirin that was done by Bukhara masters headed by usto Shirin Muradov and paintings in the reception room done under Muradov and paintings in the reception room don

• Lyabi-Hauz (lit. "shore of pool") is very popular among Lyabi-Hauz (lit. "shore of pool") is very popular among travelers. It is the largest artificial reservoir of medieval travelers. It is the largest artificial reservoir of medieval Bukhara. It was installed around 1620 between khanaka and Bukhara. It was installed around 1620 between khanaka and madrassah, constructed by the order of khan's vizier Nadir madrassah, constructed by the order of khan's vizier Nadir Divan-beghi. The two new buildings and Kukeldash Madrassah Divan-beghi. The two new buildings and Kukeldash Madrassah had formed a perfect architectural ensemble with reservoir in had formed a perfect architectural ensemble with reservoir in the middle. The pool is of 42 m in length, 36 m in width and t

• Khanaka and madrassah of Nadir Divan-Beghi (1620)Khanaka and madrassah of Nadir Divan-Beghi (1620) • Khanaka was built first of Lyabi-Hauz ensemble. It was a place for staying and Khanaka was built first of Lyabi-Hauz ensemble. It was a place for staying and meditations of Sufis. This is a massive rectangular structure with cruciform hall meditations of Sufis. This is a massive rectangular structure with cruciform hall under dome and hudjras in corners. The pool was built later. Nadir Divan-Beghi under dome and hudjras in corners. The pool was built later. Nadir Divan-Beghi constructed caravanserai on its other side. constructed caravanserai on its other side. At the opening of caravanserai, Imamkuli-khan (1611-1642) complimented his At the opening of caravanserai, Imamkuli-khan (1611-16

• Kalyan MinaretKalyan Minaret • Kalyan Minaret (Great Kalyan Minaret (Great Minaret) is the main symboi Minaret) is the main symboi of sacred Bukhara. The of sacred Bukhara. The minaret was used not only to minaret was used not only to call Muslims to prayer, but call Muslims to prayer, but symbolized the authority and symbolized the authority and power of its spiritual leaders. power of its spiritual leaders. The central ensemble of The central ensemble of Bukhara - Poi-Kalyan - Bukhara - Poi-Kalyan - literally "Beneath the Great" literally "Beneath the Great" grew up around the minaret. grew up around the minaret. The Kalyan Minaret is a The Kalyan Minaret is a round tower 9 m in diameter round tower 9 m in diameter at its base, tapering to 6m at at its base, tapering to

• Kalyan Mosque (early Kalyan Mosque (early 16thc.)16thc.) • Today's Kalyan Mosque Today's Kalyan Mosque was built at the beginning was built at the beginning of the 16th century, at the of the 16th century, at the first Shaybanids. Since that first Shaybanids. Since that time, except for Soviet time, time, except for Soviet time, it has operated as cathedral it has operated as cathedral mosque of Bukhara.mosque of Bukhara. The mosque replaced the The mosque replaced the old Qarakhanid cathedral old Qarakhanid cathedral mosque of the 12th century, mosque of the 12th century, which was built which was built simultaneously with Kalyan simultaneously with Kalyan Minaret. This Shay-banid Minaret. This Shay-banid mosque is comparable witn mosque is comparable witn Temuricl cathedral Tem

• Miri-Arab Madrassah (16thc.)Miri-Arab Madrassah (16thc.) • Active Miri-Arab Madrassah Active Miri-Arab Madrassah is located opposite to Kaiyan is located opposite to Kaiyan Mosque. This is one of the Mosque. This is one of the most esteemed spiritual most esteemed spiritual Islamic universities on the Islamic universities on the post-Soviet territory. It was post-Soviet territory. It was constructed at the constructed at the Shaybanids in the 16th Shaybanids in the 16th century in account of century in account of trophies the nephew of trophies the nephew of Shaybani-khan, Ubaidallah-Shaybani-khan, Ubaidallah- khan (died in 1539) took. khan (died in 1539) took. Khan gave them to his Khan gave them to his teacher and head of Bukhara teacher and head of Bukhara Muslims Miri-Arab ("Pri

EXERCISESEXERCISES • I. Translate the following sentences into I. Translate the following sentences into your native tongue.your native tongue. • 1. 1. Today's Kalyan Mosque was built at Today's Kalyan Mosque was built at the beginning of the 16th century, at the beginning of the 16th century, at the first Shaybanids. Since that time, the first Shaybanids. Since that time, except for Soviet time, it has operated except for Soviet time, it has operated as cathedral mosque of Bukhara.as cathedral mosque of Bukhara. 2. 2. The Kalyan Minaret is a round tower The Kalyan Minaret is a round tower 9 m in diameter at its base, tapering to 9 m in diameter at its base, tapering to 6m at the top. It is possible to ascend 6m at the top. It is possible to ascend the minaret from the roof of the

• 3. 3. The square with a stone pool in the The square with a stone pool in the center is located to the west from Toki-center is located to the west from Toki- Sarrafon at the edge of dwelling quarters Sarrafon at the edge of dwelling quarters of the old city. of the old city. • 4. 4. Dome building of khanaka with portal Dome building of khanaka with portal was buiit in the 14th century. was buiit in the 14th century. • 5. 5. He chose Bukhara for preaching He chose Bukhara for preaching where founded famous "qubraviyyah" where founded famous "qubraviyyah" khanaka. khanaka. • 6. 6. The pool is of 42 m in length, 36 m in The pool is of 42 m in length, 36 m in width and about 5 m in depth. Lyabi-width and about 5 m in depth. Lyabi- Hauz has stone steps by which Bukhara Hauz h

II. Put in the appropriate II. Put in the appropriate pronouns. pronouns. • 1. …1. … the opening the opening …… caravanserai, caravanserai, Imamkuli-khan (1611-1642) Imamkuli-khan (1611-1642) complimented his minister complimented his minister …… construction construction …… the building “ the building “ …… the glory the glory …… Allah" Allah" …… advice advice …… Sufi sheikhs Sufi sheikhs .. • 2. 2. The two new buildings and Kukeldash The two new buildings and Kukeldash Madrassah had formed a perfect Madrassah had formed a perfect architectural ensemble architectural ensemble …… reservoir reservoir …… the middle. the middle. www.arxiv.uz

• 3. 3. They are based They are based …… 208 208 columns.columns. • 4. 4. The mosque replaced the The mosque replaced the old Qarakhanid cathedral old Qarakhanid cathedral mosque mosque …… the 12th century, the 12th century, which was built which was built simultaneously simultaneously …… Kalyan Kalyan Minaret.Minaret. www.arxiv.uz

III. Put in the suitable III. Put in the suitable articles where necessary.articles where necessary. • 1. 1. Its throne hall for royal receptions Its throne hall for royal receptions made made … … core of core of …… palace. palace. 2. 2. Balyand ("High") Mosque is Balyand ("High") Mosque is …… small small mosque in mosque in …… rich Bukhara quarter. Its rich Bukhara quarter. Its age is more thanage is more than … … 500 years. 500 years. • 3. …3. … brightest feature of mosque is brightest feature of mosque is … … decor of aivan which columns are decor of aivan which columns are made from two trunks each and have made from two trunks each and have stalactite capitals. stalactite capitals. www.arxiv.uz

• 4. 4. In In …… past Registan Square was past Registan Square was occupied by numerous occupied by numerous … … beautiful beautiful buildings. buildings. • 5. …5. … massive gates were massive gates were reinforced with two towers reinforced with two towers connected by connected by …… gallery above. gallery above. • 6. 6. Bukhara citadel of Ark obtained Bukhara citadel of Ark obtained its modern appearance in its modern appearance in …… period period of of …… Manghit dynasty (1747-1920). Manghit dynasty (1747-1920). www.arxiv.uz

IV. PARAPHRASE THE IV. PARAPHRASE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES.FOLLOWING SENTENCES. • 1. 1. Classrooms occupy three corners of Classrooms occupy three corners of the building. the building. • 2. 2. Construction works at the old palace Construction works at the old palace started at amir Abdullahad-khan (died started at amir Abdullahad-khan (died in 1910). in 1910). • 3. 3. This one-storied complex includes This one-storied complex includes mosque, low minaret imitating Kalyan mosque, low minaret imitating Kalyan and madrassah with dome hudjras. and madrassah with dome hudjras. www.arxiv.uz

• 4. 4. After revolution of 1920, Sitorai-Mohi-After revolution of 1920, Sitorai-Mohi- Hosa was used for sessions of supreme Hosa was used for sessions of supreme state body of Bukhara National Republic state body of Bukhara National Republic (1920-1924) - all-Bukhara Kurultai. (1920-1924) - all-Bukhara Kurultai. • 5. 5. The two new buildings and Kukeldash The two new buildings and Kukeldash Madrassah had formed a perfect Madrassah had formed a perfect architectural ensemble with reservoir in architectural ensemble with reservoir in the middle. the middle. • 6. 6. The mosque replaced the old The mosque replaced the old Qarakhanid cathedral mosque of the Qarakhanid cathedral mosque of the 12th century, which was built 12th century, which was built simultaneously with Kalyan Minaret. simulta

TESTSTESTS • 1. Whom the creation of Bukhara connected with?1. Whom the creation of Bukhara connected with? • A) AfrasiyobA) Afrasiyob • B) SiyavushB) Siyavush • C) Amir TemurC) Amir Temur • D) Doro ID) Doro I • 2. When did we celebrate the 2500 anniversary of Bukhara?2. When did we celebrate the 2500 anniversary of Bukhara? • A) 1996A) 1996 • B) 1998B) 1998 • C) 1997C) 1997 • D) 2001D) 2001 • 3. What does Chashmai Ayub mean?3. What does Chashmai Ayub mean? • A) the palace of kingA) the palace of king • B) the holy placeB) the holy place • C) the spring of AyubC) the spring of Ayub • D) the eyes of AyubD) the eyes of Ayub www.arxiv.uz

• 4. 4. Where is Where is Miri-Arab Madrassah locatedMiri-Arab Madrassah located ?? • A) near the Labi HauzA) near the Labi Hauz • B) at Somonids’ parkB) at Somonids’ park • C) beside ArkC) beside Ark • D)D) opposite to Ka opposite to Ka ll yan Mosque yan Mosque • 5. 5. Who Who chose Bukhara for preaching where founded chose Bukhara for preaching where founded famous "qubraviyyah" khanakafamous "qubraviyyah" khanaka ?? • A) A) Sheikh Saifeddin Boharzi Sheikh Saifeddin Boharzi • B) B) Nadjm ad-Din Qubro Nadjm ad-Din Qubro • C) SamonidC) Samonid • D) Amir TemurD) Amir Temur • 6. What building is 6. What building is the main symbothe main symbo ll of sacred Bukhara of sacred Bukhara ?? • A) ArkA) Ark • B) Sitorai Mohi KhosaB) Sitorai Mohi Khosa • C) C) Kalyan MinaretKalyan Min

• 7. What does the word7. What does the word Miri-Arab Miri-Arab mean?mean? • A) A) prince of Arabsprince of Arabs • B) captain of ArabsB) captain of Arabs • C) star of Arabs C) star of Arabs • D)D) city of Arabscity of Arabs • 8. How long is 8. How long is the Kalyan Minaret in the Kalyan Minaret in diameterdiameter ?? • A)19 mA)19 m • B) 10 mB) 10 m • C) 15 mC) 15 m • D)D) 9 m 9 m www.arxiv.uz

• 9. How many classrooms are there in 9. How many classrooms are there in Miri-Miri- ArabArab ?? • A) 5A) 5 • B) 3B) 3 • C) 4C) 4 • D)D) 1010 • 10. What does 10. What does Lyabi-Hauz Lyabi-Hauz mean?mean? • A) A) shore of poolshore of pool • B) top of poolB) top of pool • C) shore of seaC) shore of sea • D) mouth of animalD) mouth of animal www.arxiv.uz

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