Famous people of Uzbekistan - Английский язык - Презентации

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Famous people of Uzbekistan

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AL K horazmi Abu Abdulloh Mohammad Ibn Musa al-Khorazmiy was born in Khorezm (Khiva), south-western Uzbekistan. Very little is known about his early life. The exact dates of his birth and death are also not known, but it is established that he flourished under halif Al-Mamun in Baghdad through 813-833 and probably died around 840 A.D. Al-khorazmiy was a mathematician, astronomer and geographer. He was perhaps one of the greatest mathematicians who ever lived, as, in fact, he was the founder of several branches and basic concepts of mathematics. His work on algebra was outstanding, as he not only initiated the subject in a systematic form but he also developed it to the extent of giving analytical solutions of linear and quadratic equations, which established him as the founder of Algebra.

He is also reported to have collaborated in the degree measurements ordered by Mamun al-Rashid were aimed at measuring of volume and circumference of the earth. The development of astronomical tables by him was a significant contribution to the science of astronomy, on which he also wrote a book. The contribution of Khorazmiy to geography is also outstanding, in that he did not only revise Ptolemy's views on geography, but also corrected them in detail as well as his map of the world. His other contributions include original work related to clocks, sundials and astrolabes. Thus, he explained the use of zero, a numeral of fundamental importance developed by the Arabs. Similarly, he developed the decimal system so that the overall system of numerals 'algorithm' or 'algorizm

The influence of Khorazmiy on the growth of science, in general, and mathematics, astronomy and geography in particular, is well established in history. Several of his books were readily translated into a number of other languages, and, in fact, constituted the university text-books till the l6th century. His approach was systematic and logical, and not only did he bring together the then prevailing knowledge on various branches of science, particularly mathematics, but also enriched it through his original contribution. No doubt he has been held in high repute throughout the centuries since then. Several of his books were translated into Latin in the early l2th century. In fact, his book on arithmetic, "Kitab al-Jam 'a bil Hisab al-Hindi", was lost in Arabic but survived in a

Ulugh Beg 1394-1449 Tartar Astronomer and Mathematician Ulugh Beg made Samarkand one of the leading cultural and intellectual centers of the world. In that city he established a madrasa (Islamic institution of higher learning) that emphasized astronomical studies. He also constructed an observatory that became the leading center for astronomical research in the fifteenth century. Working with his assistants, he produced the important Zij-i Djadid Sultani astronomical tables and star catalog. The grandson of the Tartar conqueror Tamerlane, Ulugh Beg was born in Sultaniyya (in modern Iran), on March 22, 1394. His birth name, Muhammad Taragay, was immediately superseded by the cognomen Ulugh Beg, meaning "Great Prince." In 1409 Ulugh Beg's father, Shah Rukh, appointed him governor

Over 90 scholars were on the faculty at Samarkand, where it is said Ulugh Beg himself lectured. He also determined the curriculum, whose most important subject was astronomy. To support research in this area, he decided to build an observatory. Construction on the observatory began in 1424. Its design closely followed that of the Maragha observatory (built in 1259) in Tabriz. Built on a circular foundation more than 262.5 ft (80 m) in diameter, the Samarkand observatory's three-stories rose to a height of 108 ft (33 m). A trench 8 ft (2.5 m) wide and 36 ft (11 m) deep at its lowest point was excavated to accommodate the huge meridian arc that was to be the observatory's main instrument. When completed, the arc extended from the trench's deepest point to just below the observato

Ulugh Beg's most important work was the Zij-i Djadid Sultani. It contains a theoretical section and the results of observations he and his assistants made. Calendric, planetary, and trigonometric tables are included as well as a new star catalog containing 1,018 stars. The positions of many of these stars were determined from observations made at Samarkand, while others were taken from the catalog of al-Sufi, who had apparently taken them from Ptolemy (second century A.D.). Ulugh Beg's catalog was only the second original star catalog since Hipparchus (170?-120? B.C.). The completion date for the Zij-i Djadid Sultani is traditionally given as 1437, but Ulugh Beg continued working on it until 1449. After a brief reign as the ruler of Turkestan (1447-49), Ulugh Beg was assassinated o

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