First PRESIDENT OF UZBEKISTAN Islam Karimov - Английский язык - Презентации

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First PRESIDENT OF UZBEKISTAN Islam Karimov

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PRESIDENT OF UZBEKISTAN Islam Karimov Islom Abdug‘aniyevich Karimov ( Cyrillic Uzbek : Ислом Абдуғаниевич Каримов; Russian : Ислам Абдуганиевич Каримов, Islam Abduganiyevich Karimov ) (born January 30, 1938) is the first President of Uzbekistan , ruling since 1989. www.arxiv.uz

Early life and career Karimov, placed in an orphanage in Samarkand at birth, grew up to study economics and engineering at school[ citation needed ]. He became an official in the Communist Party of the Soviet Union , becoming the party's First Secretary in Uzbekistan in 1989. On March 24, 1990 he became President of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic . Karimov's election to the Uzbek Communist Party resulted after his predecessor Rafik Nishanov failed to quell inter-ethnic clashes and instability in the Fergana region www.arxiv.uz

He declared Uzbekistan an independent nation on August 31, 1991 and subsequently won Uzbekistan's first presidential election on December 29, 1991, with 86% of the vote. The election was called unfair[ citation needed ], with state-run propaganda and a falsified vote count, although the opposing candidate and leader of the Erk (Freedom) Party, Muhammad Salih , had a chance to participate. Karimov permitted the participation of the opposition organizations Birlik ("Unity") and the Islamic Renaissance Party until his efforts to consolidate power over Shukrullo Mirsaidov , a former Communist Party elite who had originally supported Karimov's rise to the Party presidency. The period of political thaw was brief; Karimov began to complicate the registration process of opposit

Presidency Uzbekistan under the Karimov government classifies as a hard authoritarian regime with little to no civil society promotion. The state's primary legitimacy claims are anti- Islamism and ethnic identity. Karimov's primary authoritarian measures that were implemented following the brief period of "thaw" and political tolerance include the thwarting of alternative political leaders from coalition building www.arxiv.uz

Election controversies In 1995, Karimov extended his term until 2000 through a widely criticized referendum . He was re- elected with 91.9% of the vote on 9 January 2000. The United States said that this election "was neither free nor fair and offered Uzbekistan's voters no true choice". The sole opposition candidate, Abdulhafiz Jalalov, implicitly admitted that he entered the race only to make it seem democratic and publicly stated that he voted for Karimov. www.arxiv.uz

Following this election in 1996, Karimov further tightened the restrictions on his opposition through the Law On Political Parties. This law ensured the right to meetings, publications, and elections of opposition parties, but only to those who had registered with the Ministry of Justice. This policy allowed for government blockage of unapproved parties. Political parties based on ethnic, religious, military, or subversive ideas were prohibited www.arxiv.uz

Karimov's reelection resulted from highly criticized electoral practices. 99.6% had elected to keep Karimov in office after his term had expired, but ballots had been created such that it was much easier for voters to cast a "yes" vote than a "no" vote. Unmarked ballots, as well as ballots of those who did not vote, were automatically counted as "yes" votes, while a full black mark, under the supervision of authorities, was necessary to count as a "no" vote. www.arxiv.uz

Administrative policies Islam Karimov (left) meeting within Russian President Vladimir Putin As a poor indication of contact and negotiation with Western nations, Karimov has taken fewer foreign visits, especially to the West, in comparison to his Kazakh counterpart. There is also a low number of foreign embassies in Tashkent as of 2003, with only 13 total embassies; only 7 from countries not part of the former Soviet Union and only 3 from the West . Under the Karimov regime, a heavy regulation policy of NGOs led to the creation of paradoxically- named GONGOs, or Government-Organized Non- Governmental Organizations. Trade unions became "an instrument of management rather than a means of interest group-based collective bargaining." The Karimov government requires universities to

Policies towards Isla mFormer Russian President Dmitry Medvedev meeting with Karimov in Tashkent in 2009 Karimov had originally cultivated Islamic symbols after independence in order to coopt religious opposition. In May 1999, as a response to the threat of Islamic radicalism, the Oliy Majlis revised the 'Law on Freedom of Conscious and Religious Organizations' to impose new restrictions on religious groups. The construction of mosques, for example, required permission and specific documentation. An assassination attempt on Karimov in 1999 elicited even more repression of Islamic groups. After the September 11, 2001 attacks Uzbekistan was considered a strategic ally in the United States' " War on Terror " campaign because of a mutual opposition to the Taliban. Uzb

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