Hozirgi zamon ingliz tilida ”Up”predlogining grammatik tahlili - Английский язык - Дипломные работы

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Hozirgi zamon ingliz tilida ”Up”predlogining grammatik tahlili

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Mundarija: Kirish ………………………………………………………. I. BOB . 1.1 . So`z turkumlari va so`z haqida umumiy ma`lumot 1.2 . Predloglar haqida umumiy ma`lumotlar …………………………... II. BOB . “UP” so`zi haqida umumiy ma`lumot. ………………………...……. 2.1. “up” predlogi va uning ma`nolari ..................................................... 2.2 . “up” – ot so`z turkumi b ilan kelishi ………..…. 2.3. “up”– ravish so`z turkumi bilan kelishi.............................................. 2.4 .”up”predlogli birikmalarning gapdagi vazifasi............................. 2.5.”up” so`zli birikmalarning sintaktik (komponent) tahlili................. 2.6. “up” li birikmalarning sintaktik va semantik tahlili................... Xulosa.......................................................................................................

Men bitiruv malakaviy ishimni kirish qismini boshlashdan oldin kelajagi buyuk Mamlakatimizda Yurtboshimiz Islom Karimov tashabbusi va bevosita rahnomoligida xalqimizning hech kimdan kam bo`lmasdan tinch – totuv yashashi va farovonligi yo`lida amalgam oshirilayotgan oqilona va odilona siyosatdan g`urur va iftihorga to`lib, Prezident ko`rsatmalaridan saboq olish niyatida u kishining keyingi paytlaridagi ma`ruza va nutqlari bo`yicha imkon darajasida yozishni maqsadga muvofiq deb topdim. Ushbu risolada O`zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining 2010 yil 30 iyundagi “O`zbekiston Respublikasi davlat mustaqilligining o`n to`qqiz yillik bayramiga tayyorgarlik ko`rish va uni o`tkazish to`g`risida” gi PQ – 1358 – son Qarori hamda mamlakatimizda istiqlol yillarida ijtimoiy – siyosiy, huquqiy, ma`naviy –

Bu yil barchamiz ona yurtimiz, O`zbekistonimizning yangi tarixidagi eng buyuk va qutlug` sanalardan biri – Vatanimizning mustaqilligining 20 yillik shonli bayramini keng nishonlaymiz – dedi Mamlakatimiz Prezidenti. Tabiiyki, bu bizdan barcha soha va tarmoqlarda amalgam oshirayotgan keng ko`lamli islohotlarimizni atroflicha tahlil etib, kelgusi rejalarimizni aniq – ravshan belgilab olishni tanlab etadi. 2010 yilda kasb – hunar kollejlari va akademik litseylarni qurish, rekonstruksiya qilish va jihozlash, shuningdek, maktablarning moddiy – texnik bazasini mustahkamlash bo`yicha dasturlarni amalga oshirish yakuniga yetkazildi. Umuman olganda, 2005 – 2010 yillar davomida 7 ming 800 dan ortiq umumta`lim muassasasi, qariyb 1 ming 500 ta kasb – hunar kolejji va akademik litsey barpo etildi va rek

bu borada tayyorlanayotgan umumdavlat dasturini hayotga tadbiq etish bizdan qancha kuch va mablag`larni safarbar etishni talab qilishi haqida bugun gapirib o`tirishning, o`ylaymanki, zarurati bo`lmasa kerak deb ta`kidlaydi Prezident Islom Karimov. Mazkur bitiruv malakaviy ishi mavzusining dolzarbligi Bilamizki, predloglar ingliz tilida muhim o`rin tutadi va til esa o`zgaruvchandir. Ushbu mavzumiz xam o`z o`rnida tildagi o`zgarishlarni xisobga olganda o`z dolzarbligini yuqotmaydi, chunki peredlogni nutuqda to`g`ri ishlatishni undagi so`z ma`nosini o`zgaruvchanlik xususiyatini anglagan xamda ularni amalda qullay bilish ko`nikmasini xosil qilish borasida xam mavzumiz muximdir. Ingliz tilida “up” predlogining shakllari va uning gapdagi o`rnini o`rganish ingliz tilini o`rganuvchilarga biroz qiy

I.BOB. So`z turkumlari va so`z haqida umumiy ma`lumot. Bilamizki, predloglar ingli z tilida mu hi m o` rin tutadi va til esa o`zgaruvchandir. Ushbu mavzumiz xam o`z o`rnida tildagi o`zgarishlarni xisobga olganda o`z dolzarbligini yuqotmaydi, chunki peredlogni nutuqda to`g`ri ishlatishni undagi so`z ma`nosini o`zgaruvchanlik xususiyatini anglagan xamda ularni amalda qullay bilish ko`nikmasini xosil qilish borasida xam mavzumiz muximdir. Mavzumizning yoritishdan oldin, umuman ingliz tilida so`z turkumlari va predloglar xaqida so`z yuritamiz. Bilamizki.ma`nosiga marfologik xususiyatlari va sentaktek vazifalariga ko`ra so`zlar so`z turkumlari deb ataluvchi aniq guruxlarga bo`linadi . Biz so`z turkumlarini. 1.ot(noun) 2.sifat(adjiktev) 3.olmosh(pranoun) 4.son(numeral) 5.fel(verb) 6.ravish(adver

H . Sweet so`zlarni ikki guruxga bo`lib ko`satadi. 1.full words .2.empty words. Uning fikricha “the” “is” kabi so`zlar gapda ma`no anglatmaydi. A NEW ENGLISH GRAMMAR LOGICAL AND HIST . Ayrim olimlar jumladan D. Graun, S.Braun va D.Beylelar. fellar, predlog va artekllarni funksional so`zlar deb atashadi. V. Kaushanskaya va V.Jigaldo, I.Ivanova, L.Iofiklar predlog , bog`lovchilar, yuklama va artekillarni yordamchi (structural and functional) so`z turkumlari sifatida mustaqil so`z turkumlariga ajratadi. So`zlarni ma`nolariga qarab guruxlarga ajratish kerak deb takidlaydi I.A.Krutikov. uning fikricha qo`yidagi misollar bilan tushinishga o`rinamiz. he is getting up it is getting dark up birinchi gapimizdagi “get” feli aniq ma`no anglatadi, va “what is he doing” surog`iga javob bula oladi. Ikkin

Often(tez-tez),slowly(sekin)va ravi sh turkimga kiritiladi. So`z ma`nolardagi bu xususiyat ularni turkimlarga ajratishda asosiy o`rin tutadi. Ikkinchi va uchunchi xususiyat so`zning ma`no tomoni bilan bog`liq ravishda yuzaga keladi. So`z turkumlarining sentaktek muammolari marfalogiyada o`rganiladi. So`z turkumlariga ajratishdagi belgilardan biri so`zning gapdagi sentaktek vazifasi bilan bog`liqdir.so`larning gapda qanday vazifa bajarishi esa grammatik shakli bilan bog`liq, sengtaktek jixatdan biron bir gab bo`lagi vazifasida kelishi muayyan so`z turkimi uchun qotib qolgan emas. Masalan ot bosh kelishikda ega, aniqlovchi qaratqich kelishigida aniqlovchi yoki to`ldirvchi va xol vazifasida keladi. Sifat esa aniqlovchi predaktiv funksiyalarini bajaradi. Ular otlashganda ega, tuldiruvchi bo`li

Undovlari zavqlanish , charchash, xayratlanish , xursandchilik kabi tuyg`ularni ifodalaydi. Bu xususiyatlari ularni mustaqil so`zlarga gapda gap bulagi bulolmasligi esa lug`aviy ma`no angaltmasligi jixatdan xam yordamchi so`zlarga o`xshatadi. To`la taqlid so`zlar tovu`shga xarakatga sharpaga bo`lgan taqlid so`zlar bo`lib, ular biror gap bulagi vazifasida kelishi mumkin, lekin ularda mustaqil so`zlardagidik xususiyatlar tula shakillanmagan . S hunday qilib modal, undov va taqlid so`zlar oraliq turkimlar deb ataladi. Ot Predmetning nomini bildirib kim ? nima? So`rog`iga javob buluvchi so`z ot dir. Ot deganda nafaqat ko`zga ko`rinuvchi mavjud predmetlar, shu jumladan mavxum ma`nodagi yangi xolat,sifat xarakatni anglatuvchi so`zlarni xam tushunamiz. (kindness-mehribonlik,strength-kuch,conversa

Hood ; childhood,manhood. Ship;friendship,leadership Ayrim otlar qo`shimcha otlar bo`lib va ikki so`zdan xosil bo`lgan bo`lib, bir ma`noni anglatadi: blackboard, flowerbed,ayrim qo`shma otlar o`rtada predlog olib yasaladi. Sister – in – law Father – in – law Ot gapda qo`yidagi vazifani bajaradi: 1.ega 2.to`ldiruvchi. 3.aniqlovchi 4.xol. 5.qo`shma ot – kesimning ot qismi 6. undalma. SIFAT (The adjective) Sifat deb predmetning belgisini bildiruvchi va qanday? So`rog`iga javob bo`luvchi so`zni tushunamiz.Ingliz tilida sifat faqat taqqoslash darajalarida o`zgaradi. Young – younger – youngest. Sifatlar ingliz tilida oddiy va yasama bo`lishi mumkin.Oddiy sifat deganda tarkibida hech qanday qo`shimcha bo`lmagan sifatni ishlatamiz. Masalan : black, good, fine va xokozo. Yasama sifatlar deganda esa

un -; uninterested , unhappy , uneasy: in- ;indecent , indifferent. SON (The numera) Son deb miqdor va predmetning tartib nomerini ko`rsatuvchi so`z turkumini tushunamiz.Son ikkiga ya`ni tartib (ordinal) va sanoq (cardinal) sonlarga bo`linadi. Sanoq sonlar nechta? So`rog`iga javob bo`lib miqdorni bildiradi: one, two, three… Tartib son predmetning tartib raqamini bildiradi va nechanchi? so`rog`iga javob bo`ladi: frist,second,third… Son gapda qo`yidagi vazifalarda keladi. 1.ega. 2.to`ldiruvchi. 3.aniqlovchi. 4.ot – kesimning ot qismi . Xolat kategoryasi so`zlari.(the stative) Ushbu so`z turkumiga oid so`zlar kishi yoki narsaning holati Yoki ahvolini ifodalaydi.Holat kategoryasi so`zlarining shaklan yasalishida a - old qo`shimchasi qo`shiladi : MASALAN Aware , asleep , afraid… Holat kategoriy

mumkin.Mrs Gamp was fast asleep.Gamp xonim qattiq uyquga ketdi. Holat kategoryasi so ` zlari predlogli vositali to`ldiruvchilarni oladi. You were afraid of the war.Siz urushdan qo`rqardingiz. FE`L ( the verb) Fe`l ish – xarakatni bildiruvchi so`z turkumidir.Uning qo`yida- gicha Grammatik kategoryalari mavjud: shaxs son, zamon, aspect, nisbat va mayl. Bu kategoryalar qo`shimchalar unlining o`zgarishi va so`z shakl- lari orqali ifodalanishi mumkin. Fe`llar o`timli va o`timsiz bo`li- shi mumkin. Fe`llarda gapning kesimi bo`lishi mumkin bo`lgan aniq va gapning kesimi bo`lolmaydigan noaniq shakllari mavjud. morfologik tuzulishiga ko`ra: a) sodda b)yasama s) qo`shma bo`lishi mumkin. Masalan: to do, to work, to run, Yasama fe`llar old yoki orqa qo`shimchalar olish orqali yasaladi. Masalan :to wid

sifatga o`xshab ketadi, (such, which ).Bu xususiyatlari ko`p olimlarni olmoshni so`z turkumi qatoriga kiritishda o`ylantirib qo`yadi. Olmoshlar qo`yidagi guruxlarga bo`linadi: 1.personal – kishilik. 2.possesive – egalik. 3.reflexive – o`zlik. 4.reciprocal – birgalik. 5.demonstrative – ko`rsatish. 6.interrogative – so`roq. 7.relative – nisbiy. 8.conjunction – bog`lovchi. 9.defining – aniqlovchi. 10.indefinite – inkor (bo`lishsizlik) 11.negative – inkor. Olmoshlar gapda ega, to`ldiruvchi,aniqlovchi, va predikativ vazifalarida qo`llaniladi. Ravish (the adverb) Ravish harakat va holatning belgisini yoki sifat va xarakatning ayrim o`ziga xos xususiyatlarni ifadalovchi so`z turkumidir.Ravish funksiyasi xoldir. Ravish fe`lni xolatni kategoriyasi,sifat va ravishni aniqlaydi. Ravishlar tuzulishga k

a) sodda bog`lovchilar (and, or, but, till, after, that, so….) ayrim bog`lovchilar predloglar, ravish va olmoshlar bilan omonib bo`lib keladi. yasama bog`lovchilar (until , unless, etc..) qo`shma bog`lovchilar (however ,wherever , etc..) murakkab bog`lovchilar ( as well as, as long as,in case etc..) Yuklama (particle) Boshqa so`zlar , so`z guruxlari yoki ergash gaplarga xissiy va modal ma`no beruvchiso`z turkumi yuklamadir.Yuklama gapning bir qismini ikkinchi biriga bog`lashi mumkin.Ma`nolariga ko`ra yuklamalar qo`yidagi asosiy guruxlarga bo`linadi: 1.chegaralovchi yuklamalar: only, just, but, alone, solely, merely, barely, va xakozo. 2. biriktiruvchi yuklamalar: too , alg… 3.inkor yuklamalar : no, not , never. 4.ko`chaytiruv ma`nosini anglatuvchi yuklamalar : all, even,quite,so. Modal so`

Xis – xayojon va buyruq undov so`zlari. 1.xis – xayajon undovlari so`zlovchining to`yg`usini ifodalaydi. Ular: ah, oh, eh, bravo,alas,vaxakozo. 2. B o`yruq u ndovlari so`zlovchining tinglovchiga nisbatan istagini yoki tinglovchiga buyruq va murojatini ifodalaydi.Hush! Hush!shh, Here! Come! Undovlar bosh va ikkinchi darajali bo`lishi mumkin. Bosh undovlar boshqa so`zlardan yasalmagandir:ah,oh,eh,pook, Hum, hush. Faqat bir necha bosh undovlar boshqa so`z turkumlari bilan omonim hisoblanadi. well, now, here, there, come. ARTIKL( the article) Artikl otlar bilan ishlatiluvchi yordamchi so`z turkumidir.Zamonaviy ingliz – tilida ikkita artikl bor: Noaniq artikl “a” va “an” shakliga ega. A niq artikl esa “ the” shakliga egadir. 1 . 2 . PREDLOG (the preposition). Bizga ma`lumki , predlog ingliz til

predloglar tizimining asosini tashkil qiladi. Deyarli barcha predloglar shakli va grammatik vazifasida leksik mazmunida turli o`zgarishlarni boshidan kechirgan lekin ular tilning simantik tizimida o`zining asosiy mazmunini saqlab qolgan marfologik tuzulishga ko`ra predloglar qo`yidagi guruxlarga bo`linadi. 1.sodda predloglar( simple) 2.yasama predloglar (derivatve) “grammatika angliskogo yaz`ka`` V. L. Kaushniskaya Liningrad 1967 M.A. Tanishina “ higher school publishing House`` Moskva 1964 3.qo`shma predloglar (compound) 4.murakkab predloglar (composite) Zamonaviy ingliz tilida 130 ta sod d a yasama qo`shma murakkab predloglar bor. Sodda predloglar bir uzakdan iborat bo`lib, boshqa ma`noli bo`laklarga bo`linmaydi. Ingliz tilidagi sodda predloglarga qadimgi ingliz tilidan saqlanib qolayotg

with aview to,with reference to, apposite to, away from, prior to, by reason of, for fear of, in comporison of, instead of,in constrad with,in accordance with, contrary to, in place of, despity to, by force of, in view of, by virtue of, for the sare of, in respect of,in relation to, thanks to. 130 ta predlogdan ba`zilari foydalanish doirasidan umuman chiqib ketadi, ba`zilari maxsus atamalar bilan xarakterlanadi, yana ba`zilari esa ancha muntazam senonimlar borligi yoki ulardan foydalanish mumkun bulgan sferaning torligi tufayli kam ishlatiladi. Barcha tarixiy ko`p predloglar avval joy keyinchalik vaqt mazmunini kasib etganlar va keyin grammatik vaxokozo. Vaqt mazmuning anglatadigan 7 ta joy ma` z muni beradigan 48 ta va xam joy xam vaqt maz`munini beradigan 30 ta predlog vujudga keldi. 1.P

till,under, up,across,among,behind below, beneath,between, inside, into , outside, toward, within, in front of… Va q tni bildiruvchi predloglar : after, about, at, ago, by, for, from, in, on, near, since, till, until, before, between ,beyond,during, in course of,past, Within… Sabab va maqsadni bildiruvchi predloglar : by reason because of , for fear of, thanks to, for the sare of, in order to by way of…. d) qiyoslanish qarama qarshi quyishni ajratishni ifodalovchi predloglar: like, unlike, in comparast with, in spite of , in contrast of.. in accordance with , in apposition to, contrary to, despity, as to, in realition, to, with regard to, in respect to…. ish- xarakatni biron bir asbob vositasida yoki yo`l bilan amalga oshishni ko`rsatuvchi predloglar: with, by means of, by force of by… Key

oldingi so`zning talabi bilan kelayotgan bo`lsa ular o`rtasidagi aloqa musta h kam bo`ladi. Agar aks xolda bo`lsa u xolda ular o`rtasidagi aloqa mustahkam bo`lmay, predlogdan keyin kelayotgan so`z bilan aloqasi mustaxkam bo`ladi. Agar aks holda bo`lsa ushbu misolni keltiramiz. Masalan: 1.He insisted on speaking English. Ushbu misolimizda “on``predlogi “ insist``fe`lining talabi bilan kelmoqda va “on``speaking English`` bu yerda to`ldiruvchi bo`lib kelmoqda. 2.Your pen is lying on the table. Ushbu gapimizda “on`` predlogi oldingi fe`lning talabi bilan kelayotgani yo`q va bu gapimizda “on the t able``birikmasi o`rin xoli vazifasini bajarmoqda. Ba`zan predlog va boshqa so`z turkumi o`rtasidagi chegara chizig`i aniq bo`lmaydi. Masalan: near future - yaqin kelajak. Ushbu birikmamizda “near “ so

anglatadi. Bunday holatlarda ravish mustaqil ma`noni anglatmasa xam, unga tushadi Masalan: Take of the coat – Paltoni yech. Go on reading – o`qishni davom ettir. Demak, ravishlar, predloglar va bog`lovchilar forma jixatidan bir xil bo`lsada ular har xil so`z turkumlaridir. Fe`l ma`nosini o`zgartuvchi vunday ravishlarni biz postposition deb ajratamiz. Ular yasama fe`llarning bir qism i bo`lib keladi. Predloglar odatda o`zlari bog`langan otdan oldin joylashadi.Ikkinchi xolatda predlog so`roq gaplar, to`ldiruvchi va aniqlovchi ergash gaplarni oxirida keladi “ ABOUT`` 1.” Xaqida`` , “borasida`` ma`nosida. 2.” Atrofida`` ma`nosiga. 3.” Atrofga`` “ aro`` ma`nosi bilan gapda ishtirok etadi.Masalan: He is about 50.U 50 lar atrofida. We talked about him – biz u xaqida gaplashdik. “ABOVE`` 1.”Yuqori

“A gainst ” predlogni qarama – qarshi xarakatni ifodalay “qarshi`` tarjimasini beradi. “ALONG`` “ALONG`` predlogli “bo`ylab`` ma`nosini anglatadi.”along” ravishi bir qator fe`llar bilan qo`llaniladi. “AMONG`` “AMONG`` predlogli “orasida``ma`nosini anglatadi va bu uch yoki undan ortiq predmet va shaxsga talluqlidir. “ AT`` “ YONIDA`` tarjimasi bilan o`rin joyni , da : qo`shimchasiga mos kelib vaqtni va joyni anglatadi. Bundan tashqari “at`` fe`llar sifatdoshlar, sifatlar va otlar bilan qo`llaniladi. “ BEFORE`` Vaqtni anglatib “oldin`` deb tarjima qilinadi va shu ma`no bilan joyni ham anglatadi . .. “ Before ” ravishi esa “ avval “ manosini anglatadi . U bog`lovchi vazifasini ham bajaradi . “BEHIND” “ Behind ” predlogi “orqada ” ma`nosini j oyni anglatadi . Bundan tashqari “behind ” ravishi

“ Between” predlogi “orasida” debtarjima qilinib ikki shaxs yoki predmit orasida bo`lishiga xosdir. “BEYOND” “Beyond” predlogi joyni ifodalashda “narigi yoqda “ma`nosini anglatadi. “BY” 1. Harakatni bajaruvchi shaxs yoki kuchni ko`rsatuvchi predlog bo`lib, o`zbek tilidantomonidan “ma`nosiga” mos keladi . 2 Harakatni amalga oshirish usulini ko`rsatib “orqali ma`nosini anlatadi . 3 “Qadar” deb tarjima qilinib muddatni ifodalashda qo`llaniladi. 4 joyni anglatadi . a) yonida, bo`ynida, yaqinda b) yonidan , yaqinidan “DOWN” “Down” predlogi harakatni anglatuvchi fe`llardan keyin kelib “pastga” ma`nosini anglatadi . “DURING” “ During” predlogi “ vaqtida” “ mobaynida” ma`nosida keladi. “ EXCEPT” “ Except” predlogi “ dan tashqari” ma`nosini anglatadi. “FOR” 1.Uchun ( maqsad, sababni, ifodalaydi )

1 – dan; chiqish kelishigi qo`shimchasiga to`g`ri keladi. 2 – dan; qo`shimchasiga to`g`ri kelib xarakatning boshlanishi vaqtini anglatadi. “IN” 1 – da qo`shimchasiga to`g`ri kelib, joyni ifodalaydi. 2 - da qo`shimchasiga mos kelib, vaqtni ifodalaydi. 3 – mobaynida , ichida, keyin ma`nolarini anglatib, muddatni ifodalaydi. “ INSIDE ” “Inside” predlogi “ ichida” “ichiga” manosini anglatad i. “INTO” “Into” predlogi “ichiga” ma`nosini anglatib, predmetning ichiga yunalishni bildiradi “ OF” 1 “of” predlogi o`zbek tilidagi qaratqich kelishigining qo`shimchasi “-ning “ ma`nosi bilan ekvevalindir . 2 “of” predlogi “-dan” qo`shimchasiga ma`nodosh bo`lib bir yoki ko`prog`ini ajratishda qo`llanadi . “ OFF” 1- dan , ustidan ma`nosini abglatib , biror predmet yoki shaxsning yuzasidan olishni yiroqlashi

2 “ortiq” ma`nosini anglatadi “PAST” “Past” predlogi “by” predlogi bilan bir qatorda “yonidan” degan ma`noda qo`llanadi. “Round” , “around” “Round” “around” predlogi “bo`ylab” “atrofida ma`nolarini anglatadi . “Since “ “Since” predlogi “-dan biri” tarjimasida qo`llanilib, harakatning boshlanish vaqtini va gapirilayotgan paytgacha davom etayotganligini anglatadi. “ Through” 1 “orqali” tarjimasida qo`llanadi 2 “tufayli” ma`nosini anglatadi . “Till , until “ - gacha ma`nosi bilan qo`llanadi. Xullas, biz bu qatorni yana estagancha davom ettirishimiz mumkin. 2.1“ up ” predlogi va uning ma`nolari

“ up” predlogi haqida gapirishdan oldin bu predlogdan tashqari ingliz tilida “ up” sifati , ravishi va ot borligini hisobga olishimiz kerak . “ up” – ot quyidagi ma`nolarni anglatadi . 1. Katta shahar, poytaxt yoki shimolga botuvchi poyezd avtobus . 2. Yuqorida pog`onadagi shaxs katta amaldor. 3. Yuqorida joylashgan narsalar predment . Up and down – ko`z yugurtirish , to give a letter up and down - xatga kuz yugurtirib chiqmoq . to give smb – the up and down – kimgadir boshdan oyoq qaramoq . Ups and downs . a) ko`tarish va tushishlar b) parvozlar va tushishlar ( ups and downs of fortune - omadlar baxtning kelishi va ketishi ) ; В ) keskin ozgarishlar ; taqdirning beqarorligi ; г ) narxning kutarilishi va tushushi ; the ups and downs of the market - bozor narxlarning o`zgaruvchanligi ; In

To go up a ladder – narvondan chiqmoq . To climb up a tree - daraxtga chiqmoq . The snake goes up the chimney - Tutun mo`ridan chiqadi . His hand went up her face - Uning qo`li qizning yuziga bordi. 2. Mazkur tomonga yoki maqsad sari qandaydir predment bo`ylab. To walk up the street- ko`cha bo`ylab ketmoq. They were coming up the street to meet us - Ular bizni kutib olish uchun ko`cha bo`ylab kelishardi. The walked up the aisle to his seat – U yo`lak bo`ylab urindig`iga keldi . 3. Mamlakat saxna va boshqalar ichkarisiga To travel up the country – mamlakat ichiga sayohat qilmoq. They tiptoed up the country – U hovliga oyoq uchida kirdi. 3. Daryo yuqorisiga yo`nalish to sail up the river ( the Thames )- Daryo ( Telza )yuqorisiga suzmoq . Up stream – oqimga qarshi , up the wind - shamolga qar

Up and about – sog`lom oyoqqa turgan. Up and at them up and odam ishga. Up and coming- yaratuvchi uddaburron Up for grabs - ochiq egallash mumkin Up front - samimiylik ochiq ko`ngil Up in arms - qurollangan g`azabda Up in the air - hal qilinmagan , biror qarorga kelmagan , beqaror Up in years – qarigan Up north – ( back , east , down south , out , west ) shimolda (sharqda , janubda , g`arbda ) Up the creek - without a paddle – qiyin vaziyatda Up to date - zamonaviy Up to no good – ishkalchi Up to one- o`z istagi Up to one`s ears neck in something – qulog`icha , bo`yigacha shung`igan , Up to par - ko`ngildagidek, qoniqarli Up to smiff - ko`ngildagidek Up to the minute - eng so`ngi Ups and downs – omad va omadsizlar . 2.2 “ up” so`zli birikmalarning sintaktik ( kamponent ) tahlili Up – ravis

You have now here to go but up ( “ secrets ” K. William . USA 1985 p 170) Up – ot bo`lib “yo`qori” ma`nosini anglatib kelmoqda . Sizning yuqoridan boshqa boradigan joyinigiz yo`q . Nowhere to go but up – to`ldiruvchi She`s made up her mind ( “ when love dies ” K. William USA 1984 p97) make up one`s mind – qaror qilmoq ( ibora ) . U qaror qilgan . Has made up her mind – qaror qilgan ( kesim ) She`d doubled back up the stairs ( “ When love dies ” Kate William USA 1984 ) Up – predlog Up the stairs – ad . mod . of place . ( o`rin holi ) U zinalardan 2 talab qaytib ketgan edi . You`re not thinking of giving up ( when love dies K. William USA 1984 p95) Sen voz kechish haqida o`ylamayabsan. Give up – voz kechmoq . Up – ravish. You – subject Are not thinking – predicate Of giving up – object to`ld

giving – participle I sifatdosh 1 – harakat tarzi , holi vazifasida ad. mod . of. manner . How did you end up most of your candy ? What did you do ? I ended up him- unga kimga ( object ) to`ldiruvchi indirect abject ) Most of my candy - to` ldiruvchi What I`m talking about is giving up a fen hours a week to bring comfort to the sick ( “ When love dies ” K. W. USA 1984 p26) Men gapirayotgan narsam bemorga xotirjamlik berish uchun haftasiga bir necha soatdan kechish kerakdir . Give up – kechmoq Giving up – kechish – gerund is giving up – ot kesim up – ravish ( adverb ) He stood up ( When love dies K. Williams USA 1984 p 11 ) U turdi He – ega kelishik olmoshi bilan ifodaliangan . Stood up - kesim Stand up – turmoq Jessica jumped up to face Elizabeth ( “ when love dies ” K. William USA 1984 p

Cleaned up – kesim, your - aniqlovchi ( to`ldiruvchi ) “I promised Cara I`d pick her by seven thirty” he said snatching up his jacket . ( “ When love dies ” K. William USA 1984 p 106) Men Karaga 7 yarimga qadar uni olib ketaman deb va`da berganman dedi u nimchasini olarkan. Up – ravish To pick up – olib ketmoq To snatch up – olmoq She leoped up off the bed ( “ When love dies ” K. William USA 1984 p 114) U o`rnidan sakrab turdi . Up- ravish ( adverb ) , to leap up – sakrab turmoq He subject gave her a thumbs – up sigh . ``When love dies`` p 103. U unga shunchaki bosh barmog`i bilan zo`r ishorasini berdi. Thumps up – zo`r aniqlovchi up – ravish. Up bosh barmoqning yuqoriga ko`tarilgan holatini anglatmoqda. Steven snook his head sadly tears(“when love dies`` K.William USA 1984 p119) Steven ko

U tik yuldan mashinani ishilatib haydadi. Up – predlog . Up the steep road – tik yuldan o`rin holi (ad. mod of place) up the road- Yo`ldan. Where did he angle the car .She walked up the steep steps (p37) (“where memories lie``G.W.A.S USA 2002) U tik zinalardan yurdi. Up – predlog . Up the steps - zinalardan o`rin holi. Sge had put her long, sun blond hair up to day and had worn more make up. (G.W.A Stevens “when memories lie``USA 2002 p33 ) U bugun uzun tillarang oq sariq sochlarini ko`tarib olgan ko`proq buyoq surtgandi. Up – ravish.Put up – predicate (kesim) Make up ot buyoq I was standing up (p24 E.Heming way .To have and have not Mockva 1979 ) Men turayotgandim. Up – ravish.was standing up – turayotgan edim – kesim (predicate) I (subject)- ega kelishik olmoshi bilan ifodalangan. “Hemig

I got on board and wormed up the engine (p43 E. H. To have are have not) Men bortga chiqdim va matorni qizdirib yubordim. Up – ravishi “ twarm`` – miqdor fe`lining ma`nosiga ish harakatning yaqinlashganlik ma`nosini bermoqda. Warmed up – kesim He current had fushened up…(p47) (E.H To have a have not Mockva 11979) 2.3.”up “ predlogli birikmalarning gapdagi vazifasi . Predloglar gapda mustaqil vazifaga ega emas.Ular gapda (mustaqil) iboraning ya`ni predlogli to`ldiruvchi ,hol va ba`zan aniqlovchi bo`lib keladigan iboralarning bir qismi bo`lib keladi. “Up” predlogli birikmalardan gapda asosan o`rin holi vazifasini bajarib keladi. Andre came whistling up the stairs [ GWHS](Gayle Wilson ,Amanda stevens “where memories lie” USA 2002 p49) Andre hushtak chalib zinalardan chiqib keldi. Ushbu gapimi

Np 1 Np2 1D 2D She lived up North some where .(Gayle Wilson A stevens Э where memories lie`` USA 2002 p 345) U qayerdadir shimolda yashadi gapimizda “up ” predlogi “north” shimol so`ziga – da qo`shimchasini qo`shib kelmoqda “up” “north” shimolda so`zi o`rin holi vazifasini bajarib “qayerda?” so`rog`iga javob bo`ladi. She – subject – ega lived – predicate – Up north ad. mod. of place – o`rin holi. She turned and walked back up stairs (G. Wilson A stevens “where memories lie” p 456) U burildi va zinalarda yuqoriga qaytib ketdi. “up” predlogi “yuqoriga” ma`nosini anglatib – up the stairs- zinalardan yuqoriga iborasini qayerga? So`rog`iga javob ищэдшиб o`rin holi bo`lib kelmoqda. She turned and walked back up the stairs. 1 2 3 4

She – subject. Turned and walked back – predicate up the stairs ad. mod. of place. She temperature went up about fifty digress here (“double love”K.W. USA p103) Harorat bu yerda tahminan 50 darajaga bordi. 1 2 3 4 5 Elizabeth floated through the living room and up the stairs to her room. Elizabetta umumiy xona orqali va zinalardan sirg`alibyuqori xonosiga o`tdi. (“double love``) K . Williams 1983 USA p 170) “ up ” predlogi “ up the stairs” iborasida ще bilan birgalikda hol vazifasini bajarmoqda . 1 2 3 4 5 6

Yuqorida misollardan ko`rinib turibdiki “ up ” predlogi asosan hol vazifasini bajaruvchi so`zga bog`lanib kelmoqda “ up ” fe`li esa quyidagi ma`nolarni anglatadi . 1. Ko`tarmoq He upped one end of the plank U taxtaning bir chetini ko`tardi . “ up ” fe`li faqat og`zaki nutqda shu m`noni anglatib qo`llaniladi . Og`zaki nutqda yana bu fe`l ko`tarmoq ( ya`ni narx - navoning ) ko`tarilishini anglatadi. They upped the prices – Ular narxlarni ko`tarishdi . Do you want me to up his pee? - Uning haqini ko`tarishimni xoxlaysizmi? Oshirmoq ( mahsulot shalb chiqarish ) They are upping production - Ular maxsulotni ishlab chiqarishni oshirmoqda . Dovni oshirmoqda ( qimor ) Irg`ib turmoq , sapchib turmoq , he upped and strukt me - U sapchib turib meni urdi. To up and – tub etib biror narsa qilib qo`ymoq

To tass up a coin – tanga irg`itmiq. List you head up – boshingni kutar. The temperature has gone up – harorat ko`tarildi. Hands up! – qo`lingni ko`tar. 2.harakat fe`llari bilan birga kelib,kimgadir yoki nimagadir yaqinlashishini anglatadi. He come up and asked the way – u kilib Yulni so`radi. To follow smf up – kimnidir ortidan ergashib kelmoq. 3.Biror shaharga ,markazga yoki poytaxtga qarab ketmoq. To go up to town – shaharga qarab kelmoq. 4.Biror mamlakat , hudud ichkarisiga, janubdan shimolga daryo yuqorisiga qarab ketmoq. The army marched up the country – armiya mamlakat ichkarisiga yul oldi. To go up north – shimolga yo`l olmoq. To sale up the Thames – Temza yuqorisida suzmoq 5.Yuqorida joylashganlikni anglatadi What are you doing up there ? – Siz u yuqorida nima qilyapsiz ? We live

Up in London – London , up at Oxford – Oksfortda , up at the University- Universitetda Will you be up during the the vocation ? Ta`til vaqtida Universitetda bo`lasizmi 7. Mamlakat yoki hudud ichkarisida , yoki shimolroqda bo`lishini ishodalaydi. The city is twenty miles up in the country - Shahar mamlakatni 20 mil ichkarisida . To live up in Scotland – Shotlandiyada yashamoq . Egarda The horse might have won with a better jockey up - Egarda yaxshi chavandozi bo`lgan ot g`olib chiqishi mumkin . Gorizontal holatdan vertikal holatga o`tishni , yotish holatidan turishga o`tishni ifodalashda qo`llaniladi . To get up – turmoq ( yotgan joyidan yoki o`tirgan joyidan ) He isn`t up yet – U hali turgani yo`q . To sit up – o`tirib olmoq ( yotgan joyidan turib utirmoq ) o stand up – turmoq . Help him u

Paydo bo`lish yaratilish ma`nolarni anglatadi. Many new oities have sprung up in our country .- Mamlakatimizda ko`p yangi shaharlar barpo bo`ldi . The put up a monument – Yodgorlik qo`ymoq , barpo etmoq . The house is up at last – Nihoyat uy barpo bo`ldi. Qandaydir muammoli yoki masalani paydo bo`lish ma`nosini anglatadi. The problem came up in the conversation . – Suhbatda shu muammo paydo bo`ldi . The question was up for debate- Savol muhokamaga qo`yildi . The case is up before the court - masala sudda ko`riladi . Yuqori lavozimli shaxsga jo`natilish yoki o`tkazish .The boy was sent up to the headmaster – Bola direktorga jo`natildi . Biror harakatni o`yg`otmoq yoki kuzatmoq . To blow – up the fire – olovni puflang , to bring up a new topic - yangi mavzuni ko`tarmoq . To stir up the peop

(qattiq).To speak up – gapirib tashlamoq borini to pay up – to`lamoq (hammasini).To big up – kovlamoq (oxirigacha) The stream has dried up – soy qurib qolgan. Kuchaytiruv ma`noga ega: To an vite smb up for dinner – kimnidir ziyofatga taklif qilib yubormoq. To fill up a glass – qadaxni to`ldirib yubormoq.To praise up – maqtab yubormoq. a) to be up – oldinda yuqorida bo`lmoq. Bu ibora sport sohasida kimdandir hisobda yuqorida bo`lishni anglatadi. To be one up – bir hisobda oldinda bo`lmoqda. b)to even up scores – hisobni tenglashtirmoq “up” bir qator iboralarda qo`llaniladi.”Road up” – yul yopiq,tuzatish ishlari ketmoqda. “Hold yourself up”- to`g`ri ketaviring. Up and down a) tepaga pastga, tushib chiqmoq. They bobbed up and down in the car – mashinada ularni rosa irg`itdi. b)orqaga oldinga:

Up against smth – nimagadir qarshi yuzma –yuz. To be up against difficulties – qiyinchiliklarga qarshiyuzma – yuz chiqmoq. He is up against a strong man – siz kuchli raqibga qarshi turibsiz. To be up against – qiyin ahvolda bo`lmoq ,asosan moddiy. He has been up against it laxely – u oxirgi paytlarda qiynalib qoldi. To run (to knock up against smb ) – kim bilandir to`qnash kelmoq. To be up (and) in smth – nimadandir juda yaxshi bilimga ega bo`lmoq. He is thoroughly up physics – u fizikadan juda bilimdon. To keep up with smb – kinmdandir ortda qolmaslik. To be laid up with pneumonia – u o`pka shamollashidan yotib qoldi. To be laid up with smth – biror kasallik bilan yotib qolmoq. What`s up? – nima gap? Nima bo`ldi? What`s up with you? – sizga nima bo`ldi? Something is up – nimadir bo`lyabdi

4.Just leave it up to me (“Secrets”K.William USA 1983 p67) Buni menga qo`yib ber. Up to me – menga ,to`ldiruvchi abject. 5.Take me up to bed (G.Wilson, A Stevens “where memories lie” USA 2002 p 53) Meni kravatga olib bor. Up - ravish (adverb).Up – predmetga yaqinlashish ma`nosini anglatib kelmoqda. 6.She moved again up the stairs.(G. Wilson, A Stevens “where memories lie” USA 2002 p84) U yana zinalardan yuqoriga siljidi . Up- predlog .Up the stairs - zinalardan yuqoriga o`rin holi (adverbial modifier of place) 7.She watched the green eyes come up to her face. (G. Wilson,A Stevens “where memories lie”USA 2002p220) Qiz zangori ko`zlarning yuziga qadalishini ko`zatdi. Up – ravish (adverb). The green eyes come up to her face – complex object – murakkab to`ldiruvchi. 8….. she had been caught up

10.Andrea …. rushed to catch up (“where memories lie” G.Wilson, A S USA 2002 p410 ) Andrea tutib qolish uchun otildi. Up- ravish.To catch up – ad.mod. of purpose. 11.He jumped up …(“where memories lie” G. W.A.S. USA 2002 p500 ) U sakrab turdi. Up – ravish (adverb) Jump- sakramoq fe`lining ma`nosi o`zgartirilib “sakrab turdi” tarjimasini bermoqda. 1 2 (2) He jumped up. 1 2 Np1 Np2 12.You were up on the roof.(“where memories lie” G. Wilson, A. stevens USA 2002 p389) Sen tepada tomda eding. Up- ravish (adverb) to be up – tepada bo`lmoq. 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 You were up on the roof. 1 2 3 13.Tray cleaned up his desk (“where memories lie ” G.W. A. Stevens ) Troy partasini tozalab tashladi. Up – ravish : harakatni ohirigacha yetkazganini ifodalamoqda. cleaned up-kesim (predicate) 1 2 (4) (4) 3 4 (6) 5

14….she flew up the front steps to her herise.(“when love dies” K.W. F. Pascal USA 1984 p66) U oldingi zinalardan yuqoriga uyiga chiqib ketdi. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Up- predlogi : zinalardan yuqoriga ma`nosini anglatadi . Up the stairs - ad . mod. of place. She – subject, flew – predicate , front – attribute, to have- ad. mod. of place . 15.Her voice sent a shiver of unease up Troy`s spine (“where memories lie G. W. A. stevens USA 202 p 309”) Uning ovozi troyning tanasiga hijolatpazlik titrog`ini arg`uvon etdi. Up – ga: qo`shimchasini anglatmoqda. Up shine – object (to`ldiruvchi) Her – attribute (aniqlovchi).Voice – subject (ega).Sent – predicate (kesim) A shiver object (to`ldiruvchi).Of unease – attribute (aniqlovchi). Troy`s – attribute (aniqlovchi). 1 2 3 ( 4) 4 (5) 5 (7) 6 7 Her voice sent a shi

He – subject.Dreamed – predicate. About her – object. At night- ad. mod. of .and – conjuction. Wore up- predicate. 2.1“ UP ” predlogi va uning ma`nolari “ up” predlogi haqida gapirishdan oldin bu predlogdan tashqari ingliz tilida “ up” sifati , ravishi va ot borligini hisobga olishimiz kerak . “ up” – ot quyidagi ma`nolarni anglatadi . 4. Katta shahar, poytaxt yoki shimolga botuvchi poyezd avtobus . 5. Yuqorida pog`onadagi shaxs katta amaldor. 6. Yuqorida joylashgan narsalar predment . Up and down – ko`z yugurtirish , to give a letter up and down - xatga kuz yugurtirib chiqmoq . to give smb – the up and down – kimgadir boshdan oyoq qaramoq . Ups and downs . a) ko`tarish va tushishlar b) parvozlar va tushishlar ( ups and downs of fortune - omadlar baxtning kelishi va ketishi ) ; В ) keskin

1. Katta shahar , poytaxt yoki shimolga botuvchi ( poyezd , avtobus yoki boshqalar) . An up train- shahar poyezdi : the up line – poytaxt yo`nalishi 2. Ko`tariluvchi: With a slight up gradient – sol ko`tarilishi . 7. usuvchi , yaxshilanuvchi . 8. vishshillaydigan , vijillaydigan ( ichimlik haqida ) 9. chaqqon , tetik , dadil ( ko`chma ma`noda ) “up ” predlogi quyidagi ma`nolarni anglatadi : 4. Pastdan yuqoriga harakatni ko`rsatadi: To go up a ladder – narvondan chiqmoq . To climb up a tree - daraxtga chiqmoq . The snake goes up the chimney - Tutun mo`ridan chiqadi . His hand went up her face - Uning qo`li qizning yuziga bordi. 5. Mazkur tomonga yoki maqsad sari qandaydir predment bo`ylab. To walk up the street- ko`cha bo`ylab ketmoq. They were coming up the street to meet us - Ular bizni k

Up stage- sahna to`rida. III. Ilgarilash ,o`sish ,amal pogo`nasida o`sish,yutuq. To work one`s way up the school- maktabga eng yaxshi o`quvchilardan bo`lmoq. He steadily went up the social scale- u jamiyatda brogan sari yuqori pog`o- Nani egallay bordi. IVup birikmalarda va iboralarda xam qo`llaniladi Up and blind alley – boshi berk ko`chada. Up a tree – mayin vaziyatda. Up against something – mushkul muammo. Up and about – sog`lom oyoqqa turgan. Up and at them up and odam ishga. Up and coming- yaratuvchi uddaburron Up for grabs - ochiq egallash mumkin Up front - samimiylik ochiq ko`ngil Up in arms - qurollangan g`azabda Up in the air - hal qilinmagan , biror qarorga kelmagan , beqaror Up in years – qarigan Up north – ( back , east , down south , out , west ) shimolda (sharqda , janubda ,

2.4.”UP``predlogli birikmalarning gapdagi vazifasi. Up – ravish ( adverb ) Wore up – predicate ( kesim ) He subject - (ega) Dreamed – predicate About her – abject At night – ad mof of time ( payt holi ) and conjuction – (bog`lovchi) What did he do at night He dreamed about her and wore up You have now here to go but up ( “ secrets ” K. William . USA 1985 p 170) Up – ot bo`lib “yo`qori” ma`nosini anglatib kelmoqda . Sizning yuqoridan boshqa boradigan joyinigiz yo`q . Nowhere to go but up – to`ldiruvchi She`s made up her mind ( “ when love dies ” K. William USA 1984 p97) make up one`s mind – qaror qilmoq ( ibora ) . U qaror qilgan . Has made up her mind – qaror qilgan ( kesim ) She`d doubled back up the stairs ( “ When love dies ” Kate William USA 1984 ) Up – predlog

Up the stairs – ad . mod . of place . ( o`rin holi ) U zinalardan 2 talab qaytib ketgan edi . You`re not thinking of giving up ( when love dies K. William USA 1984 p95) Sen voz kechish haqida o`ylamayabsan. Give up – voz kechmoq . Up – ravish. You – subject Are not thinking – predicate Of giving up – object to`ldiruvchi,indirect object. What are not you thinking of. Ronmie found a place up on Miller`s point ``secrets`` K.W.USA 1983 p39 Ronni Mellir nuqtasidagi tepa joyni topdi. Up – sifat What kindly place did Ronnie find on miller`s point I ended up giving him most of my candy ( “ secrets” K. W USA 1983 p 86 ) Men qandlarimni unga berib tugatib bo`ldim . end up – tugatib bo`lmoq – predicate ( kesim ) up – ravish ( adverb ) giving – participle I sifatdosh 1 – harakat tarzi , holi vazifasid

Giving up – kechish – gerund is giving up – ot kesim up – ravish ( adverb ) He stood up ( When love dies K. Williams USA 1984 p 11 ) U turdi He – ega kelishik olmoshi bilan ifodaliangan . Stood up - kesim Stand up – turmoq Jessica jumped up to face Elizabeth ( “ when love dies ” K. William USA 1984 p 5 ) Jessika Elizabetga yuzlanish uchun sakrab turdi . Jump up – sakrab turmoq Up - ravish Jumped up – kesim ( predicate ) to face Elizabeth – maqsad holi ( admod of purpose ) I cleaned up your room ( “ When love dies ” K. William USA 1984 p 30) Men Xonangni tozalab qo`ydim . Up ravish “ clean ” fe`lining oxirigacha yetkazilganini anglatadi . I – ega Cleaned up – kesim, your - aniqlovchi ( to`ldiruvchi ) “I promised Cara I`d pick her by seven thirty” he said snatching up his jacket . ( “ When

He subject gave her a thumbs – up sigh . ``When love dies`` p 103. U unga shunchaki bosh barmog`i bilan zo`r ishorasini berdi. Thumps up – zo`r aniqlovchi up – ravish. Up bosh barmoqning yuqoriga ko`tarilgan holatini anglatmoqda. Steven snook his head sadly tears(“when love dies`` K.William USA 1984 p119) Steven ko`zlari yoshga to`lib boshini g`amgin silkitdi. Up – ravish.Willing up – to`lib participle. Tars welling up in hie eyes – ad. mod. Manner. Harakat tarzi holi. Qay holatda bosh silkitdi steven. Elizabeth was so wrapped up in her thoughts. (“when love dies `K.W. USA 1984 p40) Elizabet o`ylariga shunday o`ralib olgandi. Up – ravish .Wrapped up participle (sifatdosh) To be wrapped up – o`ralgan bo`lmoq ot- kesim He angled the car up the steep road.(“Too good tobe true`` K.W.USA 1984 p

(G.W.A Stevens “when memories lie``USA 2002 p33 ) U bugun uzun tillarang oq sariq sochlarini ko`tarib olgan ko`proq buyoq surtgandi. Up – ravish.Put up – predicate (kesim) Make up ot buyoq I was standing up (p24 E.Heming way .To have and have not Mockva 1979 ) Men turayotgandim. Up – ravish.was standing up – turayotgan edim – kesim (predicate) I (subject)- ega kelishik olmoshi bilan ifodalangan. “Hemight the there at the hotel feeling too bad to get up (p 33 E. Hemingway To have are have not) Up- ravish. To get up – turmoq . U turolmaydigan darajada yomon ahvoldaligidan o`sha yerda mehmonhonada bo`lishi mumkin. Feeling too bad to get up – sabab holi (ad. mod. of cause) I went up to the perla…(p 42 E.M.To Have or have not Mockva 1979 ) Men perlaga bordim. Up – ravish bo`lib biror narsalarga

2.5.”UP “ so`zli birikmalarning sintaktik (komponent) tahlili. Predloglar gapda mustaqil vazifaga ega emas.Ular gapda (mustaqil) iboraning ya`ni predlogli to`ldiruvchi ,hol va ba`zan aniqlovchi bo`lib keladigan iboralarning bir qismi bo`lib keladi vazifasini bajarib keladi. Andre came whistling up the stairs [ GWHS](Gayle Wilson ,Amanda stevens “where memories lie” USA 2002 p49) Andre hushtak chalib zinalardan chiqib keldi. Ushbu gapimizda “ up the stairs ” predlogli birikma zinadan deb tarjima qilib yuqoriga harakatni anglatmoqda va gapda hol vaz ifasini bajarmoqda . Andre – subject ega Came – predicate – kesim Whistling - adwerbial modifier of manner – harakat tarzi holi Up the stairs – adverbial modifier of pace – o`rin holi 1 2 3 4

Np 1 Np2 1D 2D She lived up North some where .(Gayle Wilson A stevens Э where memories lie`` USA 2002 p 345) U qayerdadir shimolda yashadi gapimizda “up ” predlogi “north” shimol so`ziga – da qo`shimchasini qo`shib kelmoqda “up” “north” shimolda so`zi o`rin holi vazifasini bajarib “qayerda?” so`rog`iga javob bo`ladi. She – subject – ega lived – predicate – k луышью Up north ad. mod. of place – o`rin holi. She turned and walked back up stairs (G. Wilson A stevens “where memories lie” p 456) U burildi va zinalarda yuqoriga qaytib ketdi. “up” predlogi “yuqoriga” ma`nosini anglatib – up the stairs- zinalardan yuqoriga iborasini qayerga? So`rog`iga javob ищэдшиб o`rin holi bo`lib kelmoqda. She turned and walked back up the stairs. 1 2 3 4

She – subject. Turned and walked back – predicate up the stairs ad. mod. of place. She temperature went up about fifty digress here (“double love”K.W. USA p103) Harorat bu yerda tahminan 50 darajaga bordi. 1 2 3 4 5 Elizabeth floated through the living room and up the stairs to her room. Elizabetta umumiy xona orqali va zinalardan sirg`alibyuqori xonosiga o`tdi. (“double love`` K . Williams 1983 USA p 170) “ up ” predlogi “ up the stairs” iborasida ще bilan birgalikda hol vazifasini bajarmoqda . 1 2 3 4 5 6 Yuqorida misollardan ko`rinib turibdiki “ up ” predlogi asosan hol vazifasini bajaruvchi so`zga bog`lanib kelmoqda “ up ” fe`li esa quyidagi ma`nolarni anglatadi . 2. Ko`tarmoq He upped one end of the plank U taxtaning bir chetini ko`tardi .

“ up ” fe`li faqat og`zaki nutqda shu m`noni anglatib qo`llaniladi . Og`zaki nutqda yana bu fe`l ko`tarmoq ( ya`ni narx - navoning ) ko`tarilishini anglatadi. They upped the prices – Ular narxlarni ko`tarishdi . Do you want me to up his pee? - Uning haqini ko`tarishimni xoxlaysizmi? Oshirmoq ( mahsulot shalb chiqarish ) They are upping production - Ular maxsulotni ishlab chiqarishni oshirmoqda . Dovni oshirmoqda ( qimor ) Irg`ib turmoq , sapchib turmoq , he upped and strukt me - U sapchib turib meni urdi. To up and – tub etib biror narsa qilib qo`ymoq (og`zaki nutqda qo`llanuvchi ibora) He upped and died – u tup etib o`lib qoldi . To up with one`s hand (one`s arm) - qo`l ko`tarmoq He upped with his first – u mushtni ko`tardi. To upand down – ko`tarilmoq va tushmoq. “up” ko`proq ravish sifa

He come up and asked the way – u kilib Yulni so`radi. To follow smf up – kimnidir ortidan ergashib kelmoq. 3.Biror shaharga ,markazga yoki poytaxtga qarab ketmoq. To go up to town – shaharga qarab kelmoq. 4.Biror mamlakat , hudud ichkarisiga, janubdan shimolga daryo yuqorisiga qarab ketmoq. The army marched up the country – armiya mamlakat ichkarisiga yul oldi. To go up north – shimolga yo`l olmoq To sale up the Thames – Temza yuqorisida suzmoq 5.Yuqorida joylashganlikni anglatadi What are you doing up there ? – Siz u yuqorida nima qilyapsiz ? We live up on hill - Biz tepalik ustida yuqorida yashaymiz The plane is up – Samolyot tepada ( samoda ) Have you ever been up in an aeroplane ? Siz biror marta uchganmisiz ? Up there you will have a good view –U yoqda yuqorida manzaralarning guvohi b

The city is twenty miles up in the country - Shahar mamlakatni 20 mil ichkarisida . To live up in Scotland – Shotlandiyada yashamoq . Egarda The horse might have won with a better jockey up - Egarda yaxshi chavandozi bo`lgan ot g`olib chiqishi mumkin . Gorizontal holatdan vertikal holatga o`tishni , yotish holatidan turishga o`tishni ifodalashda qo`llaniladi . To get up – turmoq ( yotgan joyidan yoki o`tirgan joyidan ) He isn`t up yet – U hali turgani yo`q . To sit up – o`tirib olmoq ( yotgan joyidan turib utirmoq ) To stand up – turmoq . Help him up – Uni turg`izib yuborishing . How then , up – endi turing ! Uyg`oq qolishni anglatadi – to be ( to stay up till late )- Kechgacha uxlamaslik . To be up all night – Tuni bilan uxlamay chiqish . Narxning ko`tarilishini anglatadi Prices are going

The house is up at last – Nihoyat uy barpo bo`ldi. Qandaydir muammoli yoki masalani paydo bo`lish ma`nosini anglatadi. The problem came up in the conversation . – Suhbatda shu muammo paydo bo`ldi . The question was up for debate- Savol muhokamaga qo`yildi . The case is up before the court - masala sudda ko`riladi . Yuqori lavozimli shaxsga jo`natilish yoki o`tkazish .The boy was sent up to the headmaster – Bola direktorga jo`natildi . Biror harakatni o`yg`otmoq yoki kuzatmoq . To blow – up the fire – olovni puflang , to bring up a new topic - yangi mavzuni ko`tarmoq . To stir up the people- odamlarni qo`zg`amoq . Harakat faolligini oshirish jarayonini kuchaytirish , ovozni balandlatish ma`nosida qo`llaniladi . Sing up! – kuylang ( Balandroq ma`nosida ) . Speak up !- Tezroq bo`ling . (balan

To an vite smb up for dinner – kimnidir ziyofatga taklif qilib yubormoq. To fill up a glass – qadaxni to`ldirib yubormoq.To praise up – maqtab yubormoq. b) to be up – oldinda yuqorida bo`lmoq. Bu ibora sport sohasida kimdandir hisobda yuqorida bo`lishni anglatadi. To be one up – bir hisobda oldinda bo`lmoqda. b)to even up scores – hisobni tenglashtirmoq “up” bir qator iboralarda qo`llaniladi.”Road up” – yul yopiq,tuzatish ishlari ketmoqda. “Hold yourself up”- to`g`ri ketaviring. Up and down a) tepaga pastga, tushib chiqmoq. They bobbed up and down in the car – mashinada ularni rosa irg`itdi. b)orqaga oldinga: u yoqqa bu yoqqa bu yoqqa yurmoq. v)hamma yerda, hamma joyni ,hamma joydan. I` ve looked for it up and down – men uni hamma joydan qidirdim. g) ochiqchasiga. Up and about – oyoqqa tur

To be up against – qiyin ahvolda bo`lmoq ,asosan moddiy. He has been up against it laxely – u oxirgi paytlarda qiynalib qoldi. To run (to knock up against smb ) – kim bilandir to`qnash kelmoq. To be up (and) in smth – nimadandir juda yaxshi bilimga ega bo`lmoq. He is thoroughly up physics – u fizikadan juda bilimdon. To keep up with smb – kinmdandir ortda qolmaslik. To be laid up with pneumonia – u o`pka shamollashidan yotib qoldi. To be laid up with smth – biror kasallik bilan yotib qolmoq. What`s up? – nima gap? Nima bo`ldi? What`s up with you? – sizga nima bo`ldi? Something is up – nimadir bo`lyabdi. It is all up with him. a) u tugadi. b) u kuydi.U umidsiz vaziyatda. The game is up – hammasi tamom. 2.6.”Up” li birikmalarninig sintaktik va semantik tahlili. Avvalom bor bu tahlilni biz mi

Meni kravatga olib bor. Up - ravish (adverb).Up – predmetga yaqinlashish ma`nosini anglatib kelmoqda. 6.She moved again up the stairs.(G. Wilson, A Stevens “where memories lie” USA 2002 p84) U yana zinalardan yuqoriga siljidi . Up- predlog .Up the stairs - zinalardan yuqoriga o`rin holi (adverbial modifier of place) 7.She watched the green eyes come up to her face. (G. Wilson,A Stevens “where memories lie”USA 2002p220) Qiz zangori ko`zlarning yuziga qadalishini ko`zatdi. Up – ravish (adverb). The green eyes come up to her face – complex object – murakkab to`ldiruvchi. 8….. she had been caught up in the corowd. (H. Wilson, A Stevens “where memories lie” USA 2002 p223) U olomon orasida ushlandi. Up – ravish. Had been cought up – kesim predicate. 9.I`m grown up now .(p194) Grown up – particip

Andrea tutib qolish uchun otildi. Up- ravish.To catch up – ad.mod. of purpose. 11.He jumped up …(“where memories lie” G. W.A.S. USA 2002 p500 ) U sakrab turdi. Up – ravish (adverb) Jump- sakramoq fe`lining ma`nosi o`zgartirilib “sakrab turdi” tarjimasini bermoqda. 1 2 (2) He jumped up. 1 2 Np1 Np2 12.You were up on the roof.(“where memories lie” G. Wilson, A. stevens USA 2002 p389) Sen tepada tomda eding. Up- ravish (adverb) to be up – tepada bo`lmoq. 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 You were up on the roof. 1 2 3 13.Tray cleaned up his desk (“where memories lie ” G.W. A. Stevens ) Troy partasini tozalab tashladi. Up – ravish : harakatni ohirigacha yetkazganini ifodalamoqda. cleaned up-kesim (predicate) 1 2 (4) (4) 3 4 (6) 5 6 14….she flew up the front steps to her herise.(“when love dies” K.W. F. Pascal USA

1 2 3 4 5 6 Up- predlogi : zinalardan yuqoriga ma`nosini anglatadi . Up the stairs - ad . mod. of place. She – subject, flew – predicate , front – attribute, to have- ad. mod. of place . 15.Her voice sent a shiver of unease up Troy`s spine (“where memories lie G. W. A. stevens USA 202 p 309”) Uning ovozi troyning tanasiga hijolatpazlik titrog`ini arg`uvon etdi. Up – ga: qo`shimchasini anglatmoqda. Up shine – object (to`ldiruvchi) Her – attribute (aniqlovchi).Voice – subject (ega).Sent – predicate (kesim) A shiver object (to`ldiruvchi).Of unease – attribute (aniqlovchi). Troy`s – attribute (aniqlovchi). 1 2 3 ( 4) 4 (5) 5 (7) 6 7 Her voice sent a shiven of unease up Troy`s spine. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 16….. he dreamed about her at night and wore up .(“where memories lie” G. W. A. S. USA 2002) . U h

XULOSA. 1.Mening bu malakaviy bitiruv ishimni yozishdan maqsadim “up” predlogini chuqur o`rganib , uni semantic tahlil qilib, yoritib boorish edi.Ushbu malakaviy bituruv ishimni yozisgda men ko`pgina ingliz adabiyotlaridan foydalandim. Dastlab men ingliz tili grammatikasi haqidagi bir nechta olimlarning fikrlarini o`rganib chiqdim. Har bir olimning fikri turli xil edi.Masalan A.A. Abduazizovning fikricha. Ingliz tilida 12 ta so`z turkumi bor. M.A. Ganisgnaning fikricha 11 ta so`z turkumi bor.Bu olimlarning fikrlariga tayangan holda ingliz tilidagi so`z turkumlari haqida umumiy ma`lumot berdim. Bosh mavzumiz predlog bo`lganligi sababli ushbu ishimda bir qancha tilshunos olimlarning predlog haqidagi fikrlarini o`rganib chiqdim.Masalan : J. Bo`ronov K.H. Kachalova , Kaushanskaya ,V. P.Bili

xulosaga keldim, ya`ni predlog bir predmetning ikkinchi bir predmetga yoki borliqqa bo`lgan aloqasini bildiruvchi so`z turkumi deb atashimiz mumkin. 2.Hozirgi zamon ingliz tilida 150 ta predlog mavjud. Hozirgi zamon ingliz tilida “up” so`zining ishlatilish va gapda anglatgan ma`nolarini har tamonlama o`rganib chiqib, hamda “up” predlogli brikmalari birikmalarni sentaktik semantik tahlil qilish natijasida qo`ydagi xulosalarga keldim “up” gapda faqatgina predlog bo`lib emas, balki ravish, ot, fe`l, sifat manolarini ham bildiradi “up” predlogi morfologik tuzilishiga ko`ra sodda predlog hisoblanadi. Manosiga ko`ra “up” predlogi asosan joy va yunalishni bildiradi. Predloglar guruhiga kiradi. “up” predlogi o`zbek tilida tepaga – ga; ma`nolarida ishlatiladi. 3. “up” predlogi birikmalarni lingve

Subordinativ bog`lanish Koordinativ bog`lanish Oppozitiv bog`lanish NP 1 Yadroviy predikativlanuvchi bo`lak NP 2 Yadroviy predikatiyalanuvchi bo`lak D Tobe bo`lak M S C Mondrad Somerset cakes and all or the steleten in the cuppcard H E S Ernest Hemingway. Selected stories G J M Golsworthy John. A Modern comedy O S D C E Oxford students dictionary current England. O W D Oxford Word Power dictionary A P S Anglo – Russkiy Slovar J B S J. Bo`ronov. The grammatical structures of english, uzbek and russian K U S Kathrine Meinsfeild selected stories P S B H Paulina Simons The Bronze Hor Semon N G T New York Gerald Tribune M P E P Maurice possley. Everybody pays.

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