Lending to investment activities - Английский язык - Презентации

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Предмет	Английский язык

Lending to investment activities

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Topic 11: Lending to investment activities 1. The nature of lending to investment activities. 2. The procedure of issuing long-term loans. 3. Evaluation of the creditworthiness of the borrower. www.arxiv.uz

Credit comes from the Latin "kreditum" (loan amount). At the same time, "kreditum" is translated as "believe", "trust". Credit www.arxiv.uz

A Loan – it is a bargain, the agreement on credit, loan between individuals and legal entities. One of the parts (lender) provides another (the borrower) money (sometimes property) for a specified period with the condition return of equivalent value, as a rule, pay for this service as a percentage. www.arxiv.uz

Under the credit relations are understand all monetary relations related to the provision and repayment of loans, the organization of payments, issue cash bank notes, lending to investment activities, the use of public credit, the commission of insurance operations (partially), etc. www.arxiv.uz

In the credit agreement usually involves two parties: the lender and the borrower. : Borrower - the participant of credit relations, receiving credit and obligated to repay the loan. Historically, borrowers were individuals who need for additional resources. In modern conditions except banks as borrowers act enterprises, the population and the government. The lender - the participant of credit relations, providing a loan. Their sources can be both their own savings and resources borrowed from other entities of the economy. Creditor bank can make a loan, not only from his own resources, but also through borrowed funds deposited in its accounts. www.arxiv.uz

The temporarily free funds generated during the economic activities of enterprises and the state. Having received the proceeds from the sales, the company spends them gradually on the purchase of raw materials, fuels and others. Part of the profits, the company also uses not immediately, but sometime after they become available. As a result, formed temporarily free funds in the accounts of companies in the banks. Temporarily free funds do not remain untapped, and engage in a useful business turnover, which speeds up the rate of reproduction and allows for the most rational use of all cash funds. www.arxiv.uz20 10 21 12 0C 12 05 09 09 20 10 17 0C

Credit is the instrument of inter- sectorial and inter-regional redistribution of money capital. Credit relations caused by the continuous circulation of funds in the economy and make efficient use of all money funds for the needs of production, trade and consumption. www.arxiv.uz

The main resources for lending (loan fund) consists of : www.arxiv.uz

THERE ARE 3 FUNCTIONS OF CREDIT : THE DISTRIBUTION OF CASH ON RETURN BASIS (DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION); THE ESTABLISHMENT OF CREDIT RESOURCES AND EMISSION OF CASH (EMISSION FUNCTION); MONITOR THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE ACTIVITIES OF ECONOMIC SUBJECTS (CONTROL FUNCTION). www.arxiv.uz01

The basis of the bank's lending relationships with borrowers in the issuance of bank loans is a loan agreement. A loan agreement – regulates the specific conditions and the procedure for granting the loan. Typically, the formulation of investment loans is accompanied by the provision of a feasibility study or business plan . www.arxiv.uz

For a long-term loan, the borrower must: www.arxiv.uz

In the loan agreement are recognized: www.arxiv.uz

On the basis of examination of the documents, as well as its own information about the borrower bank carries out an analysis of its creditworthiness and solvency form of repayment of the loan and if results are positive, signs with the borrower a loan agreement (the agreement). www.arxiv.uz

The credit agreement provides following conditions: - The volume of loans; - Term and order of its use; - Interest rates and other loan payments; - Rights, duties and responsibilities of the parties; - Type of collateral of loan (mortgage collateral, guarantee, etc.); - A list of the documents submitted to the bank for credit. www.arxiv.uz

 Interest rates on long-term loans can be fixed or variable.  The fixed rate remains the same during the entire period of the loan,  and the floating revised periodically depending on market conditions, changes in the official index of inflation and other factors.  As a rule, small loan interest rate is set for the duration of the contract, for large loans have floating rates of interest. www.arxiv.uz

In determining the interest rate on long-term loans takes into account a number of factors: www.arxiv.uz

 Under the creditworthiness of bank’s customers should be understood the financial and economic condition of the company, which provides confidence in the effective use of borrowed funds, the ability and willingness of the borrower to repay the loan in accordance with the terms of the contract. Banks study different factors that can lead to non- payment of loans, or, alternatively, provide them with timely return. This is the contents of bank analysis of credit. www.arxiv.uz

American economists describe the credit assessment system, built on the balance performance reporting. U.S. banks are using the four major factors:  The liquidity of the company;  The capital turnover;  Attracting funds;  Profitability www.arxiv.uz

In commercial banks of Uzbekistan also assess the creditworthiness of the borrowers on the basis of the analysis of indicators of economic and financial activities of companies such as coverage ratio, autonomy and liquidity, working capital turnover, etc. Depending on the values of these indicators borrowers are divided into 3 classes: www.arxiv.uz

According guidelines, the credit monitoring is divided into three stages: www.arxiv.uz

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