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Methods and ways of teaching grammar to the second language learners at English lessons

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CONTENT: Introduction...............................................................................................................2 Chapter 1. Theoretical foundation of grammar……………………………..….…..6 1.1 Methods and ways of teaching grammar to the second language learners at English lessons…………………………………………………………………..…6 1.2 The most common difficulties in teaching grammar………………………….25 Chapter 2. The importance of grammar rules in teaching English to learners...….32 2.1 Correct usage of grammar rules……………………………………………….32 2.2 The role of grammar in communication……………………………………....45 2.3 Strategies of teaching grammar………………………………………….……54 Conclusion...............................................................................................................61 The list of used literature.........

Introduction Why is it helpful to identify patterns of academic grammar and punctuation usage? Without grammar we cannot learn any language . So grammar is the main step when you want to acquire a foreign language. English Grammar Today is an up- to-date guide to the grammar of modern English. It is useful for all users of English but in particular for learners of English at an intermediate to upper-intermediate level (CEF B1–C1). It will also be helpful to teachers of English looking for clear explanations and real examples. English Grammar Today is a reference book with accompanying CD-ROM. Together they provide a range of grammatical explanations from basic points, such as how we form questions in English, to more advanced points, such as how to use particular words and phrases to apol

As well as almost 400 main sections in the book there are an additional 197 sections on the CD-ROM. There is also an English Grammar Today Workbook which contains a range of tasks and exercises (with answers) which help you to practise the most important features of grammar and usage covered in English Grammar Today. Take atwo speech bubbles with scribbles inside them, indicating conversation moment and try to imagine a world without language: written, signed, or spoken. It’s pretty hard to conceptualize, right? Language is a constant presence all around us. It’s how we communicate with others; without language it would be incredibly difficult to connect people. So what does this have to do with grammar? Because language is how we connect with others, it’s also the way we often form our o

One of the challenges facing college writers is that the language used for academic purposes is quite different in style, shape, and tone than the language we use in other settings: our home lives, our professional lives, our religious lives, our romantic lives You might have a feeling that the way you talk or write is “wrong.” That isn’t the case at all! All languages have their appropriate uses and settings. Your grandma would not be happy if you spoke in academic language as you’re sitting around the Thanksgiving dinner table. Likewise, your professors aren’t happy when you bring Thanksgiving dinner conversation styles into written assignments for their classes.This is the idea of code-switching: that each of use moves between different variations of language in different contexts. Aca

19th century, when some linguists were trying to make the rules of English mimic the rules of Latin. Split infinitives in English were used for centuries before that. This does not mean that any grammatical choice is acceptable for, say, college papers or other kinds of formal writing. The best thing to do if you want to break a grammar rule in college is to find a book that says your choice is an acceptable alternative GRAMMAR is the whole system and structure of a language or of languages in general. It includes parts of speech (nouns, verbs, etc.), syntax (how words fit together to make sentences), and morphology (the forms of words); many people use the term "grammar" loosely so that it also covers punctuation, spelling, and word choice (as in, "Will you check my paper'

Chapter 1. Theoretical foundation of grammar. 1.1 Methods and ways of teaching grammar to the second language learners at English lessons. Grammar is the set of structural rules governing the composition of clauses, phrases, and words in any given natural language. The term refers also to the study of such rules, and this field includes phonology, morphology, and syntax, often complemented by phonetics, semantics, and pragmatics. Speakers of a language variety have a set of internalized rules for using that form of speech, and these rules constitute that lect's grammar. The vast majority of the information in the grammar is – at least in the case of one's native language – acquired not by conscious study or instruction, but by observing other speakers. Much of this work is done du

Patanjali (2nd century BC). Tolkāppiyam, the earliest Tamil grammar, is mostly dated to before the 5th century AD. The Babylonians also made some early attempts at language description. 2 In the West, grammar emerged as a discipline in Hellenism from the 3rd century BC forward with authors like Rhyanus and Aristarchus of Samothrace. The oldest known grammar handbook is the Art of Grammar a succinct guide to speaking and writing clearly and effectively, written by the ancient Greek scholar Dionysius Thrax (c. 170–c. 90 BC), a student of Aristarchus of Samothrace who established a school on the Greek island of Rhodes. Dionysius Thrax's grammar book remained the primary grammar textbook for Greek schoolboys until as late as the twelfth century AD. The Romans based their grammatical writin

Belonging to the trivium of the seven liberal arts, grammar was taught as a core discipline throughout the Middle Ages, following the influence of authors from Late Antiquity, such as Priscian. Treatment of vernaculars began gradually during the High Middle Ages, with isolated works such as the First Grammatical Treatise, but became influential only in the Renaissance and Baroque periods. In 1486, Antonio de Nebrija published Las introduciones Latinas contrapuesto el romance al Latin, and the first Spanish grammar, Gramática de la lengua castellana, in 1492. During the 16th-century Italian Renaissance, the Questione della lingua was the discussion on the status and ideal form of the Italian language, initiated by Dante's de vulgari eloquentia (Pietro Bembo, Prose della volgar lingua V

End punctuation – period, question mark, and exclamation mark – denotes the end of a sentence. Parentheses enclose words that are not directly related to the main thought of the sentence but provide important information, or to provide examples. A dash signals a sudden change of thought or break in a sentence. Dashes can also be used in place of parentheses to emphasize information. Quotation marks indicate direct speech. All punctuation marks are enclosed within the quotation marks except for semi-colons, colons, and question marks when they are not part of the quotation. An apostrophe indicates that letters are missing from a contraction, or shows possession (i.e., that one thing belongs to another). The word (its) spelled without an apostrophe is a possessive; spelled with an apostroph

audience. Eliminate grammatical errors from your writing, and reward your readers with clear communication. Generative grammar is a linguistic theory that regards grammar as a system of rules that generates exactly those combinations of words that form grammatical sentences in a given language. Noam Chomsky first used the term in relation to the theoretical linguistics of grammar that he developed in the late 1950s.[1] Linguists who follow the generative approach have been called generativists. The generative school has focused on the study of syntax and addressed other aspects of a language's structure, including morphology and phonology.Early versions of Chomsky's theory were called transformational grammar, a term still used to include his subsequent theories,[2] the most recent

(type 3); Chomsky claims that these are not adequate as models for human language, because of the allowance of the center-embedding of strings within strings, in all natural human languages. At a higher level of complexity are the context-free grammars (type 2). The derivation of a sentence by such a grammar can be depicted as a derivation tree. Linguists working within generative grammar often view such trees as a primary object of study. According to this view, a sentence is not merely a string of words. Instead, adjacent words are combined into constituents, which can then be further combined with other words or constituents to create a hierarchical tree-structure. The derivation of a simple tree-structure for the sentence "the dog ate the bone" proceeds as follows. The determin

Although Leonard Bloomfield, whose work Chomsky rejects, saw the ancient Indian grammarian Pāṇini as an antecedent of structuralism, Chomsky, in an award acceptance speech delivered in India in 2001, claimed "The first generative grammar in the modern sense was Panini's grammar". Generative grammar has been under development since the late 1950s, and has undergone many changes in the types of rules and representations that are used to predict grammaticality. In tracing the historical development of ideas within generative grammar, it is useful to refer to various stages in the development of the theory . Standard theory . The so-called standard theory corresponds to the original model of generative grammar laid out by Chomsky in 1965. A core aspect of standard theory is the dis

-restrictions upon X-bar theory (Jackendoff (1977)). -assumption of the complementizer position. Relational grammar (ca. 1975–1990) An alternative model of syntax based on the idea that notions like subject, direct object, and indirect object play a primary role in grammar. English grammar is notoriously difficult to learn for both native and second- language speakers. There are so many intricacies, obscure rules, and exceptions that it comes as no surprise that different generations of teachers have used various approaches to teaching grammar to train literate English writers. In the past, memorization-based techniques that relied on repetition slowly gave way to more creative methods. Today, we live in a society that prizes literacy and is willing to adapt to more effective methods to ac

Learning Through Writing This method is often used in schools in the U.S. and Canada. Students are encouraged to explore language through creative writing and reading, picking up correct grammar usage along the way. If there are specific problems with certain grammatical rules, these are covered in a more structured lesson. An emphasis is now being placed upon language acquisition over language learning, as it has been observed that learning grammar by memorization does not work well and that students are better able to recognize and understand grammatical rules when lessons are more interactive (i.e., they have to apply these rules in their own writing). Repeated practice is also important and easily achieved through creative or personal writing exercises. This article, posted by The Atla

Deductive Teaching The deductive method of teaching grammar is an approach that focuses on instruction before practice. A teacher gives students an in-depth explanation of a grammatical concept before they encounter the same grammatical concept in their own writing. After the lesson, students are expected to practice what they have just been shown in a mechanical way, through worksheets and exercises. This type of teaching, though common, has many people—including teachers—rethinking such methods, as more post-secondary level students are revealing sub-par literacy skills in adulthood. As one former teacher states, deductive teaching methods drive many students away from writing because of the tediousness of rote learning and teacher- centered approaches. Interactive Teaching Another metho

taught, a well-rounded understanding of English grammar is the most important factor in improving the literacy of students. Grammar–translation method is a method of teaching foreign languages derived from the classical (sometimes called traditional) method of teaching Greek and Latin. In grammar–translation classes, students learn grammatical rules and then apply those rules by translating sentences between the target language and the native language. Advanced students may be required to translate whole texts word-for- word. The method has two main goals: to enable students to read and translate literature written in the source language, and to further students' general intellectual development. It originated from the practice of teaching Latin; in the early 1500s, students learned La

2. Get a grammar manual It is useful to have a thorough reference book nearby that you can consult when writing. This way, any time a grammatical question arises, you can quickly refer to the manual to obtain the answer. There are many high quality grammar and writing guidebooks on the market. Speak to a librarian or writing instructor for recommendations. 3. Review the basics While classes in English linguistics and writing may not be something you are interested in, it is vital to spend a bit of time learning or reviewing the basic principles. Do some research on the basic parts of speech, as well as on the common grammatical errors people tend to make. Here are some simple ways to improve your writing skills. 4.practice There are many excellent resources, both online and in print, condu

assignments, you pay special attention to those details. It may even be wise to create your own personalized checklist of items to be aware of in your writing. 6. Proofread…out loud Sometimes when we re-read pieces we have written, our brain fills in the gaps of missing information. We do not always catch our own mistakes when we proofread. Reading what you have written out loud, preferably to someone else, is an efficient way to evaluate whether or not you have used correct grammar. You are more likely to notice your errors if you read the content aloud, rather than in your head to yourself. 7. Write Just as it helps to read a great deal, it will also benefit you to write more. The more you practice writing with proper grammar, the more naturally it will come to you. These are greats tips

Disclaimer: This work has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work produced by our Essay Writing Service. You can view samples of our professional work here. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UK Essays. Today, English is the worlds most widely studied foreign language. Five hundred years ago, Latin was the most dominant language to be studied because it was the language of business, commerce and education in the western world. In the sixteenth century, however, French, Italian and English gain in importance as a result of political change in Europe and Latin gradually became displaced as a language of spoken and written communication (Richards and Rodg

According to Asher and James (1982), Methods are the combination of techniques that are used and plasticized by the teachers in the classrooms in order to teach their students and approaches are the philosophies of teachers about language teaching that can be applied in the classrooms by using different techniques of language teaching. For example, if a teacher has an approach that language is the communication and learning a language is in fact learning the meanings, functions and uses of language. So the techniques will be based on the communicative language teaching and task based methods. According to Freeman (2000), Methods which are taught to the teachers make a base and give them thinking about the applicable techniques and principles according to the situation where they stand. Th

The direct method was the outcome of the reaction against the grammar translation method. It was based on the assumption that the learners of foreign and second language should directly think in English. This method is against the translation of written and oral text and focuses on telling the meanings of the words through action, demonstration or real objects. This method focuses on directly thinking, doing discussion and conversation in second language (Richards and Rodgers, 2001). Get help with your essay today, from our professional essay writers! Qualified writers in the subject of english language are ready and waiting to help you with your studies.UK essays to the first languag Latin became a dead language. It was being started to read in the books as classic language. Children sta

Direct was criticized due to the following reasons:method Direct method is successful in private language schools because this method can be applied only in small classes where all the learners can get individual attention.In Direct method, the teachers extravagantly excel in keeping the mother tongue of the learners away from them. Direct method demands the learners to do oral communication in the second language and it also demands the pronunciation and accent to be just like the native speakers so there is need for the language school to hire the native speakers which actually can be very expensive. The success of the direct method depends on the teacher’s skills and personality more than on the methodology (Richards and Rodgers, 1986). Structural Approach The structural approach mainly

The oral approach is a method in which children to use whatever hearing they get from their surroundings. They also take help from the context to understand and use language. The target is to develop the skills in the individual so that he can communicate and function independently. This approach helps in the development of reading and writing skills (Richards and Rodgers, 2001). The oral approach was developed from 1930s to the 1960s by British applied linguistics such as Harold Palmer and A.S. Hornsby. The main difference between oral approach and the direct method was that the methods which were developed under this approach had theoretical principles about the selection, grading and presentation of the content and material. This sequencing of the content would lead to better learning

method. Reading and writing skills may be taught but they are dependent on the oral skills (Richard and Rodgers, 1986). Total Physical Response In Total Physical Response (TPR), the teacher gives the students instructions and the students follow the instructions by using whole body responses. James J. Asher, a professor, of psychology at San Jose State University developed the method Total Physical Response in late 1960s to help in learning second languages (Richards and Rodgers, 2001). 24

1.2 The most common difficulties in teaching grammar. Different students can have different difficulties and problems in learning English. They can make different mistakes in English pronunciation, grammar, orthography and vocabulary usageEach learner has his own issues but the most common that I felt in my students are the following:- 1. Lack of vocabulary. 2.Grammar . 3.Correct pronunciation. 4.Hesitation in speaking. If we come to solution it will be easy to discuss it in the same sequence. 1.To improve vocabulary read an English language Newspaper. Reading habit will improve not only your vocabulary but also the sense of making sentences. 2.Gramar is not essential to learn a language but it is very basic to correct your language. Therefore, a Grammar book will be very helpful during t

4.Speak & speak is the rule to address this issue. Whether you speak wrong or right but don't give up speaking will end shyness which is a big hurdle in learning any language. Another idea is that the most common cause of the problems faced by a learner of the English language as a second language is existence of the inherent structure of their first language or mother tongue that they are exposed to since the first day. As such the problems that are faced by the students trying to learn the language are- 1. Understanding the grammar structure of the new language. 2. Pronunciations or the inability to understand or comprehend new words 3. Again they think of the reply in their mother tongue first and then form a reply by translating. 4. Vocabulary becomes a huge problem The above menti

there are problems faced in learning English as foreign language, so there are challenges in learning English as second language. These English language learners often face the following challenges. 1. Unqualified Teachers This is the most significant and the most overlooked problem. What makes this problem so difficult to solve is that, since many communities are English language learners, they cannot determine who is a good English teacher and who isn't. Whatever the teacher says, whether correct or incorrect, will be taken as correct by the learner. This has led to a lot of confusion among learners because different teachers tell them different things. One of the main causes of this problem is the difficulty teachers have translating from their native languages. For instance, the wo

needed. As observed above, if a student sees a sound symbol in a book, how does he/ she know how to pronounce it? The fact is, students of English Language graduate into teachers of the English language without ever getting to hear the correct pronunciation by a native speaker. Students also study haphazardly. They have books to read but they can’t tell how certain words are said. How would a student know how to pronounce the word ‘ewe’? He/she must hear the right pronunciation from his/her teacher or from a native speaker of English. Students tend to learn from movies they watch but they often learn the wrong things because movies contain slang and dialects that are not appropriate in many forms of communication. 4. Students Don't Take Their Study SeriouslyIn this case, students often

Even with qualified teachers, adequate materials, and exposure to native English speakers, there are still a number of problems that any ESL student will face. 1. Over-Use of Native Language in the Classroom Students learn another language best when they're forced to use it. Teachers must be vigilant about requiring students to communicate in English and only in English— even if they're just talking to each other. If you know the students' native language, pretend in the classroom that you don't—as that will force them to make requests and respond to questions in English. This problem comes from the cultural demands of the family and society. 2. Students Become Too Dependent on the Teacher Part of learning anything means figuring out how to solve problems on your own. If a

They must be extra careful to be sure to use correct materials recommended by a reliable teacher of English. They must make a deliberate and conscious effort to learn with or without a class teacher. The student should get audio materials so he/she can hear the correct pronunciation of sounds and words.Here are 15 common grammar mistakes that can kill your credibility as a writer: Table of Contents 1. Subject-Verb Agreement Errors 2. Sentence Fragments 3. Missing Comma After Introductory Element 4. Misusing The Apostrophe With “Its” 5. No Comma In A Compound Sentence 6. Misplaced Or Dangling Modifier 7. Vague Pronoun Reference 8. Wrong Word Usage 9. Run-On Sentence 10. Superfluous Commas 11. Lack Of Parallel Structure 12. Sentence Sprawl 30

13. Comma Splice 14. Colon Mistakes 15. Split Infinitives 1. Subject-Verb Agreement Errors The subject and verb of a sentence must agree with one another in number whether they are singular or plural. If the subject of the sentence is singular, its verb must also be singular; and if the subject is plural, the verb must also be plural. Example 1: Incorrect: An important part of my life have been the people who stood by me. Correct: An important part of my life has been the people who stood by me. Example 2: Incorrect: The two best things about the party was the food and the music. Correct: The two best things about the party were the food and the music. 31

Chapter 2. The importance of grammar rules teaching English to learners. 2.1 Correct usage of grammar rules. Grammar translation method was the most popular and widely used method for language teaching between the ages of 1840 to 1940. But this method was first used for teaching and learning Latin language which was not the language of common use at that time. Latin was considered as a classic language. The learners were made able to study the literature of Latin language through learning the grammatical rules of language and learning the vocabulary so that learners may translate the language in their first language and in the second language. Grammar translation method was criticized intensively in the nineteenth century because it was considered that this method cannot fulfill the demand

Correct grammar is your key to speaking English fluently and confidently. Knowing your grammar will help you avoid errors that make your English sound strange to native speakers. But there are certain situations in which English grammar is especially important. For example, if you’re going for a job interview in an English-speaking country, the employer will be interested in the quality of your spoken and written English. In fact, in a recent survey of U.K. job recruiters, 50% said that bad spelling and grammar was the biggest reason they would dislike an application. Correct grammar won’t just demonstrate your English skills—it’ll also show that you’re diligent and have an eye for detail. This is equally important if you’re aiming to study abroad. Colleges and universities are likely to a

As we just saw, English grammar is important to different people for different reasons. If you’re learning basic grammar for a trip to the U.S., you have different needs than someone who’s applying to an undergraduate program at an English- speaking university. So, how do you focus your grammar study on the most important concepts for you? Start by gathering some quality, comprehensive grammar resources to narrow down your learning. For example: Collins Easy Learning Grammar and Punctuation” has a very well-organized index (list of chapters) where you can easily choose topics that are unfamiliar to you. Maybe you already know about modal verbs, but… the present perfect continuous tense?! What’s that? Just turn to page 106 to find out. The book includes lots of clear examples of how and why

their childhood, you’ll hear how English speakers use the past tense. You can check out the full video library for free with a Fluent trial. As you study with these resources, keep a notebook of key grammatical ideas so you can look back on what you’ve covered. At the beginning of each week, choose a new area to focus on and challenge yourself to find a real life example each day. This will help you track your progress on the grammar concepts that are most important to you. You can also make a note of confusing grammar that you hear or read in English. Once you begin to immerse yourself in English media, you’ll start to realize that you’re hearing certain phrases and structures again and again. Those are the important everyday grammar concepts you should focus on if you don’t already recog

If you ask your friend to look after your dog, but you actually have seven dogs, your friend is in for a massive canine surprise. Making a mistake with plurals is sure to cause confusion anywhere, from social situations to research labs. That’s why it’s so important to learn the rules—especially for irregular English plurals, which are tricky for non-native speakers. In English, the standard way to form the plural is by adding the letter “s” to the end of a singular noun. One cat → Two cats One shoe → Two shoes One bath → Two baths This rule works most of the time, but unfortunately there are some exceptions. Words that end in “ss” typically form the plural by adding “es” to the end. This is to avoid having a triple “s” at the end of a word, which would look and sound strange. One goddess

Some of them may be a little obscure, but you’ll see there are certainly some that you’ll use all the time. When you come across a word like this, make a note of it to help you remember that it’s different. You may also start to see patterns among irregular plurals, but don’t rely on them without checking. For example, one goose becomes two geese, but one moose becomes two moose (not “Meese”). These sorts of words are the most misleading and probably the hardest to get the hang of. One way of learning these irregular plurals is to create a table with two columns during your regular vocabulary study. When you learn an important piece of vocabulary, write the singular form in one column and the plural in the opposite column. Hang the table somewhere you’ll see it regularly, like on the back

I would like to eat the banana you bought at the store today. I would like to eat a banana, but there aren’t any in the house. If a noun begins with a vowel, the indefinite article becomes “an” rather than “a.” A bicycle An apple Confusingly, English speakers love to humanize objects, even though we don’t use genders. Vehicles are often treated as feminine. You may hear someone say, “Look at her engine, she’s a real beauty!” when talking about a car. This doesn’t mean that a car should actually be referred to as “she,” it’s just a way of expressing pride or fondness for a machine by making it sound more like a person. You can reach more bravely into the scary world of sentence construction and accurate communication if you are armed with grammar guidelines. 11 rules of grammar will help yo

S+V+O, COORDINATING CONJUNCTION+S+V+O Coordinating conjunctions are easy to remember with an acronymic mnemonic device: FANBOYS For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So 3. Use a Comma to Connect Two Ideas As One FANBOYS are used when connecting two ideas as one in a single sentence, but don't forget the comma. For example: I do not walk Mary's dog, nor do I wash him. Mary fed her dog, and I drank tea. Mary feeds and walks her dog every day, but the dog is still hyperactive. 4. Use a Serial Comma in a List The serial, or Oxford, comma is a controversial rule of grammar. Some want to eliminate it altogether while others just don't know how to use it. The serial comma is the last comma in a list, usually appearing before "and." The serial comma comes after "dog" in this sen

Mary's dog is hyperactive; it won't stop barking or sit still. My heart is like a cup of Lapsing Slouching tea; it's bitter and smoky. Mary has to walk her dog every day; it is the most hyperactive dog anyone has ever seen. 6. Use the Simple Present Tense for Habitual Actions The simple present is the tense you use for any habitual action. The things you always do or do every Tuesday are described with the simple present, which just means you pick the first form of any verb. Mary likes dogs. I don't walk Mary's dog. Mary and I drink tea every Tuesday together. 7. Use the Present Progressive Tense for Current Action The present progressive tense is for anything that is happening right now. All of the progressive tenses are easy to spot because their verbs always end with

9-11. Use Perfect Tenses Practice makes perfect with the perfect tenses. Here are three rules to finish the 11 rules of grammar. If you remember these, you'll be well on your way to perfection. 9. Use Present Perfect for the Unfinished Past The present perfect can be confusing for some, but it is one of the most important rules of grammar. When people talk about things that have already happened but consider the time in which they occurred to be unfinished, they use the third form of the verb with a helping verb. The helping verb for the present perfect is the present tense conjugation of "to have." I have drunk three cups of Lapsing Slouching tea today. Mary's hyperactive cur dog has bitten me three times so far. Mary has walked her hyperactive poodle 100 times this week.

-Do you get nervous just seeing that word? -Do you think “I need to improve my grammar so I can speak English better”? -Do you spend a lot of time memorizing grammar rules but wonder why your English hasn’t improved? Grammar rules are nice, but they should not be the main focus of your English studies. Here are 4 important truths about grammar rules. 1. Grammar rules are easy to teach and easy to learn. Grammar explains how words are organized in a sentence. When you speak and write, you have to put the words in the right order so that people will understand what you are saying or writing. Rules make people feel comfortable. Learning rules makes students feel good. Learning grammar rules helps students feel confident that they are learning English. Grammar rules help you do well on an Engl

Native speakers learn how to speak first by listening to everyone around them. At school, they learn how to read and write. Their English continues to improve the more they read and the more they listen to people around them. I don’t think it’s fair to expect English learners to know grammar rules that native speakers don’t know. 4. Memorizing rules prevents you from improving your English. What happens when you see a sentence that is different from a rule that you learned? Do you ignore the sentence? Do you assume the sentence is wrong? What if you are missing an opportunity to improve your English? For example, did you know that you can use sentences with the present simple or the present continuous tenses to talk about the future? What are you doing this weekend? Did you know that you c

However, English isn’t perfect. It’s messy. It’s impossible to explain every English sentence with a rule. Sometimes the answer to the question “why?” is “that’s just the way it is!” Don’t think of English grammar as a group of rules. Think of grammar as a foundation, the base of a building or structure that supports the rest of the building. English grammar is the foundation of English. There are verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, conjunctions, and prepositions. These words have different jobs. You need to put these words in the right order, but there are many, many different ways to make a sentence. You learn the right order by listening to native English speakers and by reading things written by native English speakers. 44

2.2 The role of grammar in communication. Communication is an integral part of our daily life, we cannot live in an isolated society without any interactions. Communication is a process used to express ideas and feelings or used by people for giving information, it involves sharing of ideas and information between one person to another. Communication is a learned skill, to express themselves well and successfully, people must learn how to communicate effectively. Grammar lays the groundwork for effective communication. Just as an improperly configured telephone wire can cause static during a phone conversation, improper grammar can likewise affect the meaning and clarity of an intended message. Grammar makes written content more readable and in turn more interesting. If it is necessary to

long time. For listeners, a proper use of grammar shows that their thought is concerned. Speakers do not want them to waste time trying to figure out what they are saying. From influential papers to resumes, grammatical errors immediately take away the intended strength necessary to acquire an ally on an issue or an invitation for a job interview. In both situations, grammatical inconsistencies make influential words less emotional. While correct grammar is a valuable tool for success in many areas of life, it is not used to create a gap in the social world. It is not a tool for segregation, but a tool to opening doors by being heard and understood more clearly. While correct grammar will offer an edge in a job interview it won’t be so obvious as to cause a separation from the masses in ca

have to go in the outside world. So we can say that grammar is important due to a variety of reasons.: grammar important in communication Why is it Important to Use Proper Grammar? Reasons why you should apply the correct grammar when you speak and write: Using proper grammar helps you to think logically and distinctly. You will develop effective communication skills It improves your fluency in the language Very beneficial when you are applying for a job Not being able to pass a message clearly, can diminish your organization’s name Poor usage of grammar can give a negative impression about you It helps you to build a reputation as a professional Helps you gain credibility Importance of Grammar in Communication: The following mentioned are a few tips on why is it important to study grammar

Grammatical Competence is also a part of language competence. Hence to obtain an effective communication skill, the learners should pay attention to grammar. 3. Enhances accuracy: Grammar is very important as it helps increase accuracy. Grammar forms the habit in the mind of the learners and when combined with logic and rhetoric skills, it accustoms the learner to language accuracy and slowly, to the accuracy of thinking. The rules of grammar help the learners to develop a routine of thinking in a logical and clearer way. Hence, when they study grammar, they become more accurate in the language. If you can’t write properly, you can’t relay your matter with accuracy. 4. Good grammar saves time in business: Key management skill is being able to communicate effectively in the workplace. If yo

communicate effectively and the person who is the intended recipient of the message or who is reading the work may not get the real meaning. It will only increase the confusion in the mind of the reader. 7. Helps in saving the face: In today’s professional world, everyone thinks that everyone knows the language. It also helps in describing about how one feels and responds to one another. It carries a lot of importance in the business arena. When employees use proper grammar, it helps them maintain a level of professionalism and also makes an impression on the colleagues and customers alike. It also reflects that the employee truly cares about his job, his responsibility towards the company and its products/services. When a speaker uses correct grammar, it is a sign of respect as they took

information pertaining to the business, even communication with clients, suppliers are vital. In such a case, proper grammar is very important and it is a standard that the management should practice and preach. Most companies nowadays demand that the employees should have good communication skills to maintain the business’s good reputation and to propel the business to success. 10. Helps to become a figure of authority: The entrepreneurs need to assert authority over the industry of their choice. When a person asserts authority, it significantly increases the trust of the customers in him. Once that trust is gained, it is more likely that those people will buy from you. It can be done through detailed information about the products or services by using properly structured sentences. Just

work overtime will resent receiving a document which is replete with grammatical errors and will earn them a rebuke from the senior. In today’s digital world, everything is saved on the internet and any document that you publish will be retained forever in the memory of the internet, along with the mistakes that it contained. Hence it becomes all the more important for it to be error free. 13. Not much used in chatting: With the advent of technology and social networking, people have become lazier. When they text or use Facebook, Twitter or Myspace, they tend to use simple sentences and without focusing on the grammar. Everything nowadays is short and brief. Fragments of sentences are used and for them, it is fine as long as what they send is understandable by the other person. 14. Gives e

-Write more in English -Listen more to English -Practice more -Keep it simple -Take the help of a course. Importance of Using Correct Grammar in Business Communications: “Your grammar is a reflection of your image. Good or bad, you have made an impression. And like all impressions, you are in total control.” – Jeffrey Gomer (American author & business trainer) Your language fluency and usage hold great importance in the business field. Be it any type of business, usage of clear and effective language is mandatory. It can be in any form like speaking, writing, reading etc. Moreover, documentation is very vital in the case of business dealing and other things. In such a case poor grammatical errors can give a cynical or bleak image about the organization. So written documentation related to

No correction is done when you are making a mistake Not having enough knowledge about grammar Having doubts when you are using grammar As seen above, one cannot deny the importance of grammar in communication. However, there are still many problems being faced in the use of grammar. It is true that it becomes a bit boring to study grammar, but it is all worth the effort. People can use online tools to analyze their mistakes and correct them. mistak However, it is important to proofread the work before they use such tools. With the help of such tools you can learn the basics and also secure yourself a place in the highly competitive world. 53

2.3 Strategies of teaching grammar. Even as a young lover of literature, grammar was never my favorite subject. I know most of my students feel exactly the same way. Learning the rules of punctuation and structure can be less appealing to kids than the more obviously creative and fun aspects of writing. That’s why the best strategies for teaching grammar in elementary school all focus on the same things: piquing your students’ curiosity and bringing language to life in creative, engaging ways. The following strategies are sure to give your grammar lessons that extra edge they need to be truly effective—and enjoyable. As much as I love reading and writing, even I have to admit that sometimes, words just aren’t enough. A picture, after all, is worth a thousand—or so they say. Sometimes visua

Grammatical Go Fish. Go Fish vocabulary cards are widely available for purchase, but it’s also a breeze (not to mention inexpensive) to have your students make their own using index cards and markers. Instead of asking for threes or aces, they’ll be fishing for parts of speech. Fill-in-the-Blanks. Create your own Mad Libs-inspired word game by asking your students to create framed sentences with only certain types of words missing— adjectives, or perhaps adverbs ending in “ly”. Ask them to create a list on a separate piece of paper of just the types of words needed to fill in the blanks. Have them partner up and swap lists, filling in the blanks without seeing the original framed sentences. Finally, ask them to swap back and fill in the blanks with their partner’s words. Be sure to have th

different grammatical elements and how they affect the meaning of the text. Reading something they enjoy will motivate your students both to pay more attention and dig a little deeper when completing the assignment. Alternatively, you can hand-pick a few clips from popular age-appropriate movies or TV shows to use as examples. Transcribing the dialogue might be a bit difficult for your students, so you can use these clips in other ways—for instance, asking your students to raise their hands whenever someone uses a pronoun, or pausing after each sentence to ask what sort of punctuation mark should go at the end of it. To practice what they’ve learned in real-time, try having your students write a page- long short story. After completing the first draft, ask them to proofread each other’s wo

In general, I have little sympathy with people who are hostile to giving students rules. Explanations of how things work are often useful. They do need to be clear and simple, though: the whole truth can be counterproductive, in language as in life. I get uneasy if an explanation in a book for learners takes up more than two or three lines of text. They should be in the mother tongue if possible. Some points can be usefully learnt through an inductive 'discovery' approach, others probably not. examples Good realistic examples are vital, but they don't replace explanations – an example on its own never tells you exactly what it's an example of. Suitably chosen authentic material – advertisements, cartoons, songs, poems, etc – can make examples memorable and fix them in stude

'carry-over' The real problem, of course, is getting learners to carry over their grammar learning from controlled practice to spontaneous real-life use. They get their tenses all right in the grammar exercises on Tuesday morning, and all wrong in the discussion on Friday afternoon. Up to a point, we have to live with disappointment: foreign- language learners don't get everything right. We certainly need to keep coming back to key grammar points, revising them, practising them in semi-controlled speaking and writing activities, and correcting mistakes by whatever approach we find most useful, but we won't get anything like complete accuracy. (My basic view of grammar teaching is that if we teach some grammatical structures to some students, some of them will get better at

we are correct; then I give them an anchor poster for the back of their Writer’s Notebooks (where we store all of our anchor charts and mini-lesson notes) so they can refer to it as needed” -Jenna from Musings from the Middle School 4. We do Mad Libs a lot! my second graders love them and they are learning a lot about parts of speech! -Bex M. from Reading and Writing Redhead 5. “This is where I became creative. I created characters that I would dress up as. I gave them names, pretended it wasn’t me, even gave them accents. For example, Princess Pronoun came in to teach, obviously, pronouns. Zelda the Fortune Teller taught the future tenses (this was my students’ favorite). Also came up with a variety of games and activities for my students to “experience” grammar. I used “prepositions pupp

9. “I used shower board and wrote a word on each one. I talked to the kids about the conjunction and. Then I had two kids with commas on their shower boards go place themselves in the sentence correctly.” -Tamara R. from Mrs. Russel’s Room 10. If you can get YouTube and have some way to show it, there are some Schoolhouse Rock videos that my kids love! They have the songs memorized and I refer back to the video to help them. Just one of many ideas .” -Katie K. 11. “Each student is given an image of a cell phone. Ask students to write a text message about a give subject. Exchange papers for corrections. Use an excerpt from a book students are reading. Write words on index cards, leaving out the punctuation. Students have to recreate the sentences, adding the punctuation.” -Cathy M. 12. “(I)

CONCLUSION To sum up, Grammar is made up of lots of little rules that work together to create a language. Since there are so many rules, you can’t expect to remember everything, especially not at once. No one can, not even professional writers and editors, who typically have at least three reference books and style manuals at their fingertips. Feel free to come back and reference the material taught in this course as often as you need. Remember, language is always changing: new words are being created (e.g., google, selfie), and words are changing meaning e will assume that you are happy with this. However, you can change your cookie settings at any time. Once we start to look at naturally occurring language we see that there is systematic variation in the choices people make. These choice

shame, because grammatical correctness does much to enhance the effectiveness of business communications. Once you understand why a modifier shouldn’t be misplaced, or how a verb agrees with its subject, or where to use a semicolon, you can be more confident of correctness and thus pay greater attention to the clarity and grace of your writing. Good writers understand the value of this grammatical confidence. Even if they don’t always remember the technical names of different word types — conjunctive adverbs are not usually popular topics at cocktail parties, after all — skilled writers have at the very least a strong intuitive grasp of the building blocks of the English language. By improving your own grasp of English and its structures, you will be better equipped to inform and persuade

addition, if continuing education is desired, grammatically correct papers will be expected from college professors. Proper grammar is also essential for understanding English as a second language as well as for learning a new language, since all languages follow grammatical patterns. With the United States being a melting pot of nationalities and foreign language speakers, hearing proper, consistent English is extremely helpful to encourage any newcomers in becoming fluent. This, in turn, aids native English speakers in understanding other dialects as well. From persuasive papers to resumes, grammatical errors immediately take away the intended strength necessary to acquire an ally on an issue or an invitation for a job interview. In both situations, grammatical inconsistencies make influ

The list of used literature 1. Payne, John; Huddleston, Rodney (2002). "Nouns and noun phrases". In Huddleston, Rodney ; Pullum, Geoffrey (eds.). The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 479– 481. ISBN 0-521-43146-8 . 2. Jump up to: Carter & McCarthy 2006 , p. 296 3. Jump up to: Carter & McCarthy 2006 , p. 297 4. Jump up to: Carter & McCarthy 2006 , p. 298 5. Jump up to: Carter & McCarthy 2006 , p. 299 6. Hudson, Richard (2013). "A cognitive analysis of John's hat". In Börjars, Kersti ; Denison, David; Scott, Alan (eds.). Morphosyntactic Categories and the Expression of Possession. John Benjamins Publishing Company. pp. 123– 148. ISBN 9789027273000 . 7. Börjars, Ke

9. Greenbaum, Sidney (1996). The Oxford English Grammar. Oxford University Press. pp. 109–110. ISBN 0-19-861250-8 . In speech the genitive is signalled in singular nouns by an inflection that has the same pronunciation variants as for plural nouns in the common case. 65

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