Monuments of Samarkand - Английский язык - Презентации

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Monuments of Samarkand

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Monuments of Samarkand . www.arxiv.uz

History Samarkand is the third- largest city in Uzbekistan and the capital of Samarqand Province. It was established in 1938. Area : 16,8 thousand sq. km Population : 2718, 7 thousand. The Samarkand province is located in the central part of Uzbekistan, in the Zarafshon River Basin, between the Turkestan and Zarafshon Mountain Ranges. From 1924 to 1930 Samarkand was a capital of Uzbekistan Agriculture: cotton, horticulture, viticulture, cocoon production, and tobacco cultivation. Industry: machinery, food industry, electrical equipment, elevators and construction materials, sewing, and porcelain. www.arxiv.uz

History During its history the city saw half savage sacs and massagets on the streets, iron “flanks” of greek-macedonins, hordes of cruel karakitays, the city withstood destructive invasion of fanatic Arabic commanders-the followers of Islam religion founder Mohammed. Bloody hordes of Chigiz-han came down on its peaceful houses with fire and sword. Samarkand became the capital of World Empire ranged from Ind-River to Bosfor with cruel Timur. www.arxiv.uz

History After Timur’s death all his empire goes to the power of his children and grandchildren. Samarkand and bordered to it areas devolved to the ownership of Ulugbek, Timur’s grandson. Ulugbek ruled Samarkand during 40 years. During the whole history Ulugbek was the most peace-loving ruler. He almost did not participate in aggressive campaigns over ruling his state. He visited other countries many times but only for learning traditions, culture, and customs of those countries. He was great scientist, astronomer, and mathematician; that is why he brought many scientists from different countries for science development in his government. In reality Timur’s grandson was called Muhhamad Taragay, and his grandmother, Timur’s wife, gave Ulugbek name to him because from early childhood he was v

Registan • Registan became a major square of Samarkand in the 14 th century. Registan means "a sandy place". Earlier, a river channel flowed through the area, forming sand and silt deposits. Six streets cross at Registan. While under Temur the square was a commercial and crafts center, it became a spiritual center under Ulugbeg. Ulugbeg constructed a majestic madrassah and s Sufi Khanaka with a huge dome. The old buildings on Registan had fallen into disrepair by the 17 th century and the governor of Samarkand, Yalang-tush-biy, built Sher-Dor Madrassah in the place of Ulugbeg's khanaka, and later built Tiliya-Kari Madrassah as well. www.arxiv.uz

Ulugbek Madrassah • The madrassah of Ulugbeg was under construction from 1417-1420. Its huge portal has an arch of 15m in width. The mosaic panel above the arch shows a symbolic sky with five and ten pointed stars. The madrassah had a platform for astronomical observations before Ulugbeg's observatory was built, and had fifty cells for one hundred students. Sheikh Khodja Akhrar and poet Djami were among the outstanding graduates of this madrassah. In the 20 th century the northeastern and southeastern minarets were repaired, new domes were installed, and the portal arch and tympan were restored. www.arxiv.uz

Sher-Dor Madrassah • Sher-Dor Madrassah was constructed from 1619-1636, in a style imitating Ulugbeg's Madrassah. Ribbed domes on high towers soared over the two-storied facade on the sides of the front portal. Islamic inscriptions, geometrical and floral ornamentation decorate the interior. Especially interesting are the tympans of the portal arch. They are decorated with an anthropomorphic depiction of the sun and tiger attacking a fallow deer. Hence, the name of Sher-Dor - "having tigers". This pattern was nearly lost by the middle of the 20 th century and has been restored. www.arxiv.uz

Tillya-Kary Madrassah • In the middle of the 17 th century, the cathedral mosque of Bibi-Khanym lay in ruins and Samarkand needed a new mosque. Yalangtush-biy ordered its construction on the Registan. The mosque was planned to operate as a madrassah as well. Construction lasted almost twenty years and was finished in 1660. The richest gilding on the dome, walls and mihrab surpassed all other famous buildings in Central Asia. For this reason, the madrassah was named Tillya-Kari, which means "coated with gold". The dome of the mosque remained unfinished up to the 20 th century. At the same time, its faded facing was restored. www.arxiv.uz

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