Samarkand - Английский язык - Презентации

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Samarkand

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SAMARKAND www.arxiv.uz

Samark han www.arxiv.uz

TABLE OF CONTENT  History  Geography  Borders  Industy  Economy  Administrative divisions  Registan Mosque  Climate  Fauna & Flora www.arxiv.uz

 Samarkand – the second greatest city of Uzbekistan, the center of Samarkand region. In ancient times city was called as Marakanda – capital of Sogdiana . The origin of the name of the city is still unknown. It is supposed that the word “Samar” is a name of one conqueror, and prefix “kand” means “the city”, “settlement”. Abu- Raykhan Beruni and Makhmud Kashgari, great scholars of XI century, held opinion that etymology of the word “Samarkand” came from “semizkent” – “rich population”. www.arxiv.uz

GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE The Republic of Uzbekistan is situated between the rivers of Amudarya and Syrdarya and occupies 447,400 square meters. The span of the territory from the west to the east is 1,425 km and from the north to the south - 930 km. www.arxiv.uz

THE BORDERS The borders: The territory borders on Kazakhstan in the north , on Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan in the east and southeast , on Turkmenistan in the west , and on Afghanistan in the south . The length of the border with Afghanistan is 137 km , with Kazakhstan - 2,203 km, with Kyrgyzstan - 1,099 km, with Tajikistan - 1161 km, and with Turkmenistan - 1,621 km. www.arxiv.uz

 Samarqand Province also has significant natural resources, including construction materials such as marble, granite, limestone, carbonate , and chalk . The Province's major agricultural activities are cotton and cereal growing, winemaking and sericulture. In terms of industry, metal processing (spare parts for automobiles and combines), food processing, textiles, and ceramics industries are the most active in the area.  The province has a well-developed transport infrastructure , with over 400 km of railways and 4100 km of surfaced roads . The telecommunication infrastructure is also well developed. Industr y www.arxiv.uz

Economy The economy of Samarkand is based primarily on agriculture and industry. Agriculture-related enterprises include the processing of silk and cotton, fruit canning , and the production of wine, clothing , leatherware and footwear, and tobacco . Metalworking and machinery production are leading industries. www.arxiv.uz

ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS  District name District capital  1 Bulungur District Bulungur  2 Ishtikhon District Ishtikhon  3 Jomboy District Jomboy  4 Kattakurgan District Paishanba  5 Koshrabot District Koshrabot  6 Narpay District Oqtosh  7 Nurobod District Nurobod  8 Oqdarya District Laish  9 Pakhtachi District Ziadin  10 Payariq District Payariq  11 Pastdargom District Juma  12 Samarqand District Gulabad  13 Toyloq District Toyloq  14 Urgut District Urgut www.arxiv.uz

REGISTAN MOSQUE The Registan was the heart of the ancient city of Samarkhand of the Timurid dynasty now in Uzbekistan. The Registan and its three madrasahs , from left to right Ulugh Beg Madrasah, Tilya Kori, Sher Dor Madrasahs. www.arxiv.uz

Ulugh Beg madrasah The Ulug Bek Madrasah, buit during the Timurid Empire era of Timur. The corners are flanked by high minarets. There are deep galleries along the axes. Origibally the Ulugh Beg Madrasah was a two-storied building with four domed darskhonas (lecture room) at the corners. www.arxiv.uz

Sher-Dor Madrasah In the 17 th century the ruler of Samarkand, Yalangtush Bakhodur, ordered the construction of the Sher-Dor and Tillya – Kori madrasahs. www.arxiv.uz

Tilya-Kori Madrasah Ten years later the Tilya-Kori madrasah was built. It was not only a residential college for students, but also played the role of grand masjid ( mosque). The mosque building is situated in the western section of the courtyard. The main hail of the abundantly gilded . www.arxiv.uz

Climate: The climate of Uzbekistan is sharply continental, characterized by high amplitude of day and night , summer and winter temperatures. The temperature varies rather considerably with respect to the seasons. Average temperature in January falls below -6 0C, while the average temperature in July, May rise above +32 0C . Average annual atmospheric precipitation on the plains is 120-200 mm, in mountainous areas - 1000 mm. The amount of precipitations is low, which is why the agriculture relies on irrigation to a great degree. www.arxiv.uz

Flora : Desert vegetation is prevalent on plains, while mountainous areas are covered with steppe, forests and mountain meadows. Fauna : The country's fauna is quite diverse: there are rare antelopes saygak and giant lizards that can reach 1.5 meters in length. In the mountains, there are snow leopards and rare species of mountain goats. www.arxiv.uz

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