Tashkent - Английский язык - Презентации

Информация о документе

Цена	3000UZS
Размер	589.1KB
Покупки	0
Дата загрузки	23 Сентябрь 2019
Расширение	ppt
Раздел	Презентации
Предмет	Английский язык

Tashkent

Купить

Tashkent www.arxiv.uz

Tashkent ( Uzbek : Toshkent, Тошкент ; Russian : Ташкент , literally "Stone City") is the capital of Uzbekistan and also of the Tashkent Province . The officially registered population of the city in 2008 was 2.18 million [1] . According to unofficial data, the population is more than 3 million. www.arxiv.uz

History In pre-Islamic and early Islamic times the town and the province were known as "Chach". The Shahnameh of Ferdowsi also refers to the city as Chach. Later the town came to be known as Chachkand/Chashkand, meaning "Chach City".[ citation needed ] (Tash in Turkic language means stone. Kand, qand, kent, kad, kath, kud—all meaning a city—are derived from the Persian / Sogdian , kanda, meaning a town or a city. They are found in city names like Samarkand , Yarkand , Penjikent etc.). www.arxiv.uz

After the 16th century, the name was steadily changed slightly from Chachkand/Chashkand to Tashkand, which, as "stone city", was more meaningful to the new inhabitants than the old name[ citation needed ]. The modern spelling of Tashkent reflects Russian orthography. Tashkent started as an oasis on the Chirchik River , near the foothills of the Golestan Mountains. In ancient times, this area contained Beitian, probably the summer "capital" of the Kangju confederacy. [2] The principality of Chach, whose main town had a square citadel built around the 5th to 3rd centuries BC, some 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) south of the Syr Darya River. By the 7th century AD, Chach had over 30 towns and a network of over 50 canals, forming a trade center between the Sogdians and Turkic nomads. The

Hsien-tsang ( Xuanzang ) mentioned the name of the city as Zhe-shi. The Chinese chronicles Sujshu, Bejshu and Tanshu mention a possession called Shi or Zheshi with a capital with the same name since the V c. AD [Bichurin, 1950. v. II]. Under the Samanid dynasty , the city came to be known as Binkath. However, the Arabs retained the old name of Chach for the surrounding region, pronouncing it al- Shash instead. The modern Turkic name of Tashkent (City of Stone) comes from Kara-Khanid rule in the 10th century. www.arxiv.uz

The city was destroyed by Genghis Khan in 1219, although the great conqueror had found that the Khorezmshah had already sacked the city in 1214. Under the Timurids and subsequent Shaybanid dynasties the city revived, despite occasional attacks by the Uzbeks , Kazakhs , Persians , Mongols , Oirats and Kalmyks . In 1809, Tashkent was annexed to the Khanate of Kokand . At the time, Tashkent had a population of around 100,000 and was considered the richest city in Central Asia . It prospered greatly through trade to Russia , but chafed under Kokand’s high taxes. The Tashkent clergy also favored the clergy of Bukhara over that of Kokand. However, before the Emir of Bukhara could capitalize on this discontent, the Russian army arrived. www.arxiv.uz

Tsarist Period In May, 1865, Mikhail Grigorevich Chernyayev (Cherniaev), acting against the direct orders of the tsar , and outnumbered at least 15-1 staged a daring night attack against a city with a wall 25 kilometers (16 mi) long with 11 gates and 30,000 defenders. While a small contingent staged a diversionary attack, the main force penetrated the walls, led by a Russian Orthodox priest armed only with a crucifix. Although defense was stiff, the Russians captured the city after two days of heavy fighting and the loss of only 25 dead as opposed to several thousand of the defenders (including Alimqul , the ruler of the Kokand Khanate). Chernyayev, dubbed the "Lion of Tashkent" by city elders, staged a "hearts-and-minds" campaign to win the population over. He abolished t

Impact of the Russian revolution With the fall of the Russian Empire , the provisional government removed all civil restrictions based on religion and nationality, contributing to local enthusiasm for the February Revolution . The Tashkent Soviet of Soldiers' and Workers' Deputies was soon set up, but primarily represented Russian residents, who made up about a fifth of the Tashkent population. Muslim leaders quickly set up the Tashkent Muslim Council (Tashkand Shura-yi-Islamiya) based in the old city. On 10 March 1917, there was a parade with Russian workers marching with red flags, Russian soldiers singing the La Marseillaise and thousands of local Central Asians. www.arxiv.uz

. Following various speeches, Governor-General Aleksey Kuropatkin closed the vents with words "Long Live a great free Russia". [3] The First Turketan Muslim Conferencene in Tashkent 16–20 April 1917. Like the Muslim Council this was dominated by the Jadid , Muslim reformers. However, a more conservative faction emerged in Tashkent centered around the Ulema . This faction proved more successful during the local elections of July 1917. They formed an alliance with Russian conservatives, while the Soviet became more radical. The Soviet attempt to seize power in September 1917 proved unsuccessful. [4] In April 1918, Tashkent became the capital of the Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic ( Turkestan ASSR ). The new regime was threatened by White forces, basmachi , revolts from

Fine Arts Museum of Uzbekistan Contains a major collection of art from the pre-Russian period, including Sogdian murals, Buddhist statues and Zoroastrian art, along with a more modern collection of 19th and 20th century applied art , such as suzani embroidered hangings. Of more interest is the large collection of paintings "borrowed" from the Hermitage by Grand Duke Romanov to decorate his palace in exile in Tashkent, and never returned. Behind the museum is a small park, containing the neglected graves of the Bolsheviks who died in the Russian Revolution of 1917 and to Ossipov's treachery in 1919, along with first Uzbekistani President Yuldosh Akhunbabayev. www.arxiv.uz

Купить