The independence of Uzbekistan - Английский язык - Презентации

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The independence of Uzbekistan

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The independence of Uzbekistan www.arxiv.uzwww.arxiv.uz

After 1991 year U Z B E K I S T A Nwww.arxiv.uzwww.arxiv.uz

 GovernmentGovernment  Type: Republic.Type: Republic.  Independence: September 1, 1991.Independence: September 1, 1991.  Constitution: December 8, 1992.Constitution: December 8, 1992.  Branches: Executive--president, prime minister, cabinet. Branches: Executive--president, prime minister, cabinet. Legislative--bicameral Supreme Assembly or Oliy Majlis Legislative--bicameral Supreme Assembly or Oliy Majlis consists of an Upper House or Senate (100 seats; 84 consists of an Upper House or Senate (100 seats; 84 members are elected by regional governing councils to members are elected by regional governing councils to serve 5-year terms and 16 are appointed by the president) serve 5-year terms and 16 are appointed by the president) and a Lower House or Legislative Chamber (150 seats; and a

The independence of Uzbekistan  Political parties and leaders: Adolat (Justice) Social Democratic Party--established February 18, 1995 in Tashkent, number of seats in the Legislative Chamber of the parliament 18, Ismail Saifnazarov, first secretary; Democratic National Rebirth Party (Milly Tiklanish Democratic Partiya) or MTP--established on June 3, 1995 in Tashkent, and merged with the National Democratic Party "Fidokorlar" ("Selfless men") on June 20, 2008, number of seats in the Legislative Chamber of the parliament 31, Ulugbek Muhammadiev, chairman; People's Democratic Party or PDPU (Uzbekiston Halq Democratic Partiya, formerly Communist Party)-- established November 1, 1991 in Tashkent, number of seats in the Legislative Chamber of the parliament 32, Ulugbek Vafoe

Economy  (Note: Government of Uzbekistan statistics are not consistently reliable. This report relies on unofficial estimates and states clearly when a figure is an estimate. Estimates by international financial institutions also use Government of Uzbekistan statistics.)  GDP: 2009 real GDP growth was 8.1%, according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) based on Government of Uzbekistan statistics. Actual GDP growth was likely lower.  Inflation: The IMF estimated that consumer price inflation reached 14.1% in 2009, though actual inflation was likely higher, between 18%-21%.  Per capita GDP: Estimated per capita GDP in 2009 was $1,121; GDP per capita on a purchasing power parity basis was $2,800.  Natural resources: Natural gas, petroleum, gold, coal, uranium, silver, copper, lead,

 Uzbekistan is Central Asia's most populous country. Its Uzbekistan is Central Asia's most populous country. Its 28 million people, concentrated in the south and east of 28 million people, concentrated in the south and east of the country, are nearly half the region's total population. the country, are nearly half the region's total population. Uzbekistan had been one of the least developed Uzbekistan had been one of the least developed republics of the Soviet Union; much of its population republics of the Soviet Union; much of its population was engaged in cotton farming in small rural was engaged in cotton farming in small rural communities. The population continues to be heavily communities. The population continues to be heavily rural and dependent on farming for its l

 The educational system has achieved 97% The educational system has achieved 97% literacy, and the mean amount of schooling literacy, and the mean amount of schooling for both men and women is 9 years. for both men and women is 9 years. However, due to budget constraints and However, due to budget constraints and other transitional problems following the other transitional problems following the collapse of the Soviet Union, texts and other collapse of the Soviet Union, texts and other school supplies, teaching methods, curricula, school supplies, teaching methods, curricula, and educational institutions are outdated and educational institutions are outdated and poorly kept. Although the government is and poorly kept. Although the government is concerned about this, budgets remain tight.

History • Located in the heart of Central Asia between the Amu Darya and Syr Darya Rivers, Uzbekistan has a long and interesting heritage. The leading cities of the famous Silk Road--Samarkand, Bukhara, and Khiva--are located in Uzbekistan, and many well-known conquerors passed through the land. Alexander the Great stopped near Samarkand on his way to India in 327 B.C. and married Roxanna, daughter of a local chieftain. Conquered by Muslim Arabs in the eighth century A.D., the indigenous Samanid dynasty established an empire in the 9th century. Genghis Khan and his Mongols overran its territory in 1220. In the 1300s, Timur, known in the west as Tamerlane, built an empire with its capital at Samarkand. Uzbekistan's most noted tourist sites date from the Timurid dynasty. Later, separate

 In 1924, following the establishment of Soviet power, the In 1924, following the establishment of Soviet power, the Soviet Socialist Republic of Uzbekistan was founded Soviet Socialist Republic of Uzbekistan was founded from the territories including the Khanates of Bukhara from the territories including the Khanates of Bukhara and Khiva and portions of the Ferghana Valley that had and Khiva and portions of the Ferghana Valley that had constituted the Khanate of Kokand. During the Soviet era, constituted the Khanate of Kokand. During the Soviet era, Moscow used Uzbekistan for its tremendous cotton Moscow used Uzbekistan for its tremendous cotton growing and natural resource potential. The extensive and growing and natural resource potential. The extensive and inefficient irrigation used

 The constitution of Uzbekistan provides for separation of powers, freedom of The constitution of Uzbekistan provides for separation of powers, freedom of speech, and representative government. In reality, the executive holds speech, and representative government. In reality, the executive holds almost all power. The judiciary lacks independence, and the legislature--almost all power. The judiciary lacks independence, and the legislature-- which holds a few sessions each year--has limited power to shape laws. The which holds a few sessions each year--has limited power to shape laws. The president selects and replaces provincial governors. Islam Karimov, former president selects and replaces provincial governors. Islam Karimov, former First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Uzbek S

In the early fourteenth century, however, as the empire began to break up into its constituent parts, the Chaghatai territory also was disrupted as the princes of various tribal groups competed for influence. One tribal chieftain, Timur (Tamerlane),emerged from these struggles in the 1380s as the dominant force in Mawarannahr. Although he was not a descendant of Chinggis, Timur became the de facto ruler of Mawarannahr and proceeded to conquer all of western Central Asia, Iran, Asia Minor, and the southern steppe region north of the Aral Sea. He also invaded Russia and India before dying during an invasion of China in 1405. www.arxiv.uz

 President and Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers--Islam Karimov  Prime Minister--Shavkat Mirziyaev  Chairman of the Senate of the Parliament-- Ilgizar Sabirov  Speaker of the Legislative Chamber--Diloram Tashmukhamedova Principal Government Officials www.arxiv.uz

FOREIGN RELATIONS • Uzbekistan is a member of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the United Nations, the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council, NATO Partnership for Peace, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC), and the Economic Cooperation Organization--comprised of the five Central Asian countries, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. In 1999, Uzbekistan joined the GUAM alliance (Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, and Moldova), which was formed in 1997 (making it GUUAM), but formally withdrew in 2005. Uzbekistan hosts the Shanghai Cooperation Organization's (SCO) Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (

The capital of Uzbekistan is Tashkent www.arxiv.uzwww.arxiv.uz

www.arxiv.uzwww.arxiv.uz

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