The theatre of the absurd - Английский язык - Презентации

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The theatre of the absurd

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THE THEATRE THE THEATRE OF THE ABSURDOF THE ABSURD Eugène IonescoSamuel Beckett Harold PinterTom Stoppard Albert Camus www.arxiv.uzwww.arxiv.uz

Albert Camus (The Myth of Albert Camus (The Myth of Sysiphus, 1942)Sysiphus, 1942) A world that can be explained by reasoning, A world that can be explained by reasoning, however faulty, is a familiar world.But in a however faulty, is a familiar world.But in a universe that is suddenly deprived of illusions universe that is suddenly deprived of illusions and of light people feel strangers. They are and of light people feel strangers. They are irremediable exiles because they are deprived of irremediable exiles because they are deprived of memories of a lost homeland as much as they memories of a lost homeland as much as they lack the hope of a promised land to come.This lack the hope of a promised land to come.This divorce between people and their lives,the actor divorce between people and

Eugene Ionesco(Dans les arms de Eugene Ionesco(Dans les arms de la ville, an essay on Kafka)la ville, an essay on Kafka) Absurd is that which is Absurd is that which is devoid of purpose…devoid of purpose… Cut off from his religious Cut off from his religious , metaphysical & , metaphysical & transcendental roots, transcendental roots, man is lost, all his man is lost, all his actions become actions become senseless, absurd, senseless, absurd, useless.useless. www.arxiv.uzwww.arxiv.uz

Loss of meaning: the world Loss of meaning: the world appears frightening as it is appears frightening as it is illogicalillogical www.arxiv.uzwww.arxiv.uz

Historical & Philosophical Historical & Philosophical BackgoundBackgound Waning of religious feelingWaning of religious feeling Breakdown of the liberal faith in an Breakdown of the liberal faith in an inevitable social progress after WW1inevitable social progress after WW1 Relapse into barbarism, mass murder& Relapse into barbarism, mass murder& genocide in the course of hitler’s brief genocide in the course of hitler’s brief ruleover Europe during WW2ruleover Europe during WW2 www.arxiv.uzwww.arxiv.uz

Disillusionment with the hopes of a radical Disillusionment with the hopes of a radical social revolution as predicted by Marx social revolution as predicted by Marx after Stalin had turned the Soviet Union after Stalin had turned the Soviet Union into a totalitarian tyrannyinto a totalitarian tyranny The spread of spiritual emptiness in the The spread of spiritual emptiness in the outwardly prosperous & affluent societies outwardly prosperous & affluent societies of Western Europe and the USAof Western Europe and the USA www.arxiv.uzwww.arxiv.uz

Cultural RootsCultural Roots Mimus()Greek/Latin Drama)Mimus()Greek/Latin Drama) Ritual DramaRitual Drama Allegorical & Symbolic Drama (e.g. Morality Allegorical & Symbolic Drama (e.g. Morality Plays or autos Sacramental)Plays or autos Sacramental) Dream & Nightmare LiteratureDream & Nightmare Literature Tradition of Fools: Mad scenes in Drama (e.g. Tradition of Fools: Mad scenes in Drama (e.g. Shakespeare’s tragedies)Shakespeare’s tragedies) Pantomime & Music HallPantomime & Music Hall Nonsense poetryNonsense poetry Commedia dell’arteCommedia dell’arte www.arxiv.uzwww.arxiv.uz

No CommunicationNo Communication Loss of Meaning > the language is devoid Loss of Meaning > the language is devoid of meaningof meaning What happens on the stage transcends What happens on the stage transcends and often contradicts the words spoken by and often contradicts the words spoken by the charactersthe characters The characters talk (= use the The characters talk (= use the language )to fill the emptiness between language )to fill the emptiness between themthem www.arxiv.uzwww.arxiv.uz

In a universe that seems to be drained of In a universe that seems to be drained of meaning the pompous & laborious meaning the pompous & laborious attempts at an explanation we call attempts at an explanation we call philosophy or politics must appear as philosophy or politics must appear as empty chatter empty chatter In a world that has become absurd the In a world that has become absurd the theatre of the absurd is the most accurate theatre of the absurd is the most accurate reproduction of realityreproduction of reality www.arxiv.uzwww.arxiv.uz

Martin Esslin (from Absurd Drama)Martin Esslin (from Absurd Drama) A well made play.A well made play. • The characters are The characters are well observed & well observed & convincingly convincingly motivatedmotivated • Dialogue is witty & Dialogue is witty & logically built uplogically built up An Absurdist PlayAn Absurdist Play • The characters are The characters are hardly recognizable hardly recognizable human beings, their human beings, their actions are actions are completely completely unmotivated.unmotivated. • Dialogue seems to Dialogue seems to have degenerate into have degenerate into meaningless babblemeaningless babble www.arxiv.uzwww.arxiv.uz

Beginning-middle-Beginning-middle- ending clearly ending clearly recognizablerecognizable It is primarily It is primarily concerned to tell a concerned to tell a story or elucidate an story or elucidate an intellectual problem…intellectual problem… It can thus be seen as It can thus be seen as a narrative or a narrative or discoursive form of discoursive form of communicationcommunication Result :Final Result :Final MessageMessage DYNAMICDYNAMIC It starts at an arbitrary It starts at an arbitrary point & seems to end point & seems to end as arbitrarilyas arbitrarily It is intended to It is intended to convey a poetic convey a poetic image os a complex image os a complex pattern of poetic pattern of poetic images; it is above all images; it is above all a poetic forma poetic form It conveys

The action goes from The action goes from point A to point B: we point A to point B: we constantly ask ‘What’s constantly ask ‘What’s going to happen next?’going to happen next?’ Conditioned by clear , Conditioned by clear , comforting beliefs, a comforting beliefs, a stable scale of values, an stable scale of values, an ethical system in full ethical system in full working conditionsworking conditions Action :gradual unfolding Action :gradual unfolding of a complex pattern .We of a complex pattern .We ask ‘What is it that we are ask ‘What is it that we are seeing?’seeing?’ Absurdist playrights no Absurdist playrights no longer believe in the longer believe in the possibility of of a neat possibility of of a neat resolution: they express a resolution: they express a sense of wonder , sense

PoliticsPolitics ReligionReligion Implicit belief in the Implicit belief in the goodness & perfectibility goodness & perfectibility of peopleof people Unthinking acceptance of Unthinking acceptance of the moral & political the moral & political status quostatus quo Implicit idea that the Implicit idea that the world does make sense, world does make sense, reality is secure , all reality is secure , all outlines clear, all ends outlines clear, all ends apparentapparent There is no faith in the There is no faith in the existence of a rational existence of a rational and well ordered universeand well ordered universe Sense of shock at the Sense of shock at the absense , the loss of any absense , the loss of any such clear & well defined such clear & well defined system of beliefs & system of

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