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Uzbek culture

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UZBEK CULTUREwww.arxiv.uz

Uzbekistan lend of rich cultural heritagewww.arxiv.uz

Uzbekistan’s nation is rich in great cultural inheritage. Uzbekistan is famous for its literatura, historical monuments, great scintists and national traditions and culturawww.arxiv.uz

Great uzbek literature Uzbek literature developed on the base of rich folklore and oral traditions. Uzbek people transmitted orally legends based on heroes who struggled against oppressors and conquerors, depicted as bad fairies. These legends gave birth to such epic poems of Uzbek folklore as “Kyor-ogly” and “Alpamysh”. The poem Alpamysh about courage and bravery of Uzbek heroes went through centuries and became the real monument of Oriental literature. Another really popular literary work was the cycle of tales and stories about Nasreddin Afandi – crafty, witty, cunning person, giving good lessons to greedy rich men and money-bags.www.arxiv.uz

The early 20th century gave rise to Uzbek literature of Soviet period. The most prominent representatives of this period are Mukimi, Furkat, Khamza Khakimzade Niyazi and Sadriddin Ayni, Abdulla Kadiri, Fitrat, Oybek, Gafur Gulyam, Abdulla Kakhar, Khamid Alimdjan, Uygun. Priceless heritage of Zakhriddin Muhammad Babur Zakhriddin Muhammad Babur has left enormous literary heritage. His fine poetry, and the noble ideas embodied in «Boburname» and other works, telling about a way of life, customs, the nature and values of the people of the East. Bobur,Alisher Navoiy and others inherited us great heritage. Those are their unique and immortal fictionswww.arxiv.uz

Zulfiya The rich literary heritage of famous poetess Zulfiya. The creative work of the poetess, who was born on the first day of spring, is permeated with a touching romance, exalted love and patriotism. In her works Zulfiya glorified the image of a hard working woman, who can be not only a good wife and caring mother. The whole life of the poetess, filled with interesting events and creative achievements, is an example for the younger generation. Zulfiya State Award , which was established at the President’s initiative, is a prime example of a big care and attention towards young people. The prize is awarded to girls aged from 14 to 22, who have distinguished themselves by unique aptitudes in literature, culture, art, science and education, who are active in public life, successful at sch

Alisher Navoiy (1441 — 1501) is the greatest historical person whose life and literary activity covers the whole period of the history of our thought and literary culture. If we recognize him as a Holy man, he is the holiest person among the holy people, if we accept his personality as a thinker, if we appreciate him as a poet he is the king of poets. The name of Alisher Navoi is visible throughout the country. Major streets, theatres, museums, parks, and even a province and city are named after him. His proverbs are on the tongues of Uzbeks, Turkmen and Tajiks. The many Uzbek poets and writers of modern Uzbekistan owe their rich heritage to him.www.arxiv.uz

Great ancestors The life and activities of many great personalities, who were born and matured in the land of ancient Mawaraunnahr, modern Uzbekistan, had attained a profound fame in Islamic world thanks to their huge legacy. The names of Imam Al-Bukhariy and Imam at-Termiziy and Bakhouddin Nakshband, scholars such as Muhammad Al-Khorazmiy and Akhmad Farghoniy, Abu Raikhon Beruniy and Abu Ali Ibn Sina, Mirzo Ulughbek, Alisher Navoiy are closely linked with Islamic and world culture and civilization. The modern Uzbek nation is gaining the power and spiritual strength by restoring and rebuilding the heritage of famous historical personalities. www.arxiv.uz

ABU ISO MUHAMMAD AT-TIRMIZI (824-892) Imam At-Tirmizi was born in Termiz in 824. He differed from the people of his age with the power of his memorizing ability and unique talent. He acquired both religious and secular knowledge, especially the knowledge of Hadith. He also received education from the famous muhaddiths when he lived in Khorasan, Isfahan, Iraq, Makkah and Madinah for many years in search of knowledge. There are nearly ten works by Imom At-Tirmizi and the scholar's masterpiece among them "Al- Djomi Al-Kabir" ("A Big Collection") is famous as "Sunnan of At-Tirmidhi". Moreover, his work "Ash-Shamoil An Nabaviyya“.www.arxiv.uz

Abu Reikhan Muhammad Akhmad al- Biruni ( 973-1048) was a great scientist of Khorezm. He was born in the South Khorezm town of Kyat, which later became part of the Khiva Khanate. Al-Beruniy was the author of more than 150 works. Approximately 30 of them remain today. Mostly his works are on mathematics and astronomy Ahmad Al-Farghani (798-865) Abu Ali-Abbos Ahmad Al-Farghani who was known as Alfraganus in Europe is a prominent representative of the sciences of astronomy, mathematics and geography of the Middle Ages. It is supposed that Al-Farghani was born in 798 and died in 865. He received primary education in his motherland and formed as a scientist.www.arxiv.uz

BU ALI IBN SINA (980-1037) Abu Ali Ibn Sino celebrated as Avisenna in Europe was engaged in almost all sciences of his time as an encyclopedist . In scientific literature there were mentioned more than 450 works of Ibn Sino. But unfortunately we inherited half or more. The scientist wrote several books like "The book of cure" ("Kitab ash-Shifa"), "Medicine Laws" ("Al-Qonun fi-t-tib"), "The book of Salvation" ("Kitab an-Najat").www.arxiv.uz

Uzbekistan Culture: Ancient Heritage Uzbekistan culture is very colorful and distinctive. It has been formed over millenniums and has taken in traditions and customs of various nations settled on the territory of today Uzbekistan. The main contribution to the development was made by ancient Iranians. Traditions of multinational Uzbekistan reflected in the music, dances, fine art, applied arts , language, cuisine and clothing . Population of the republic, especially rural population revere traditions deeply rooted in the history of the country. The Great Silk Road played a great role in the development of Uzbekistan culture. The Silk Road favored to exchange not only goods, but also technologies, languages, ideas, religions . Music and musical instruments traveled together with vagrant musi

The Abdulkasim Medressah This monument was erected to the great thinker of past times — Abdulkasim-khan. The medressah is located in the south part of old Tashkent, reminding about the grandeur and beauty of the Tashkent ancient architecture. According to the archaeological researches, historical documents and legends "the first stone" of the Abdulkasim Medressah was laid at the beginning of the 19th century. In ethnographical materials of 1908 , this monument was described by N.Ostroumov as one of the places of honor popular far beyond Tashkent .Historical Monumentswww.arxiv.uz

Ak-Saray Palace Construction of the palace was started in 1380 and completed in 1404. The Ak-Saray Palace can serve as an example of the main government building — the residence. The arch of the huge construction had a span of about 22 meters — the biggest one of all Temurids structures . The palace, encircled with gardens and ponds, stood out in its beauty of decoration. The yard was encircled with magnificent apartments, reception halls and rooms for feasts. Unfortunately only the picturesque ruins of Ak- Saray have survived to this day, but even these scarce fragments provide an idea of the former beauty of this architectural work of art. www.arxiv.uz

Ulugbek Observatory In the 20ties of 15th century on one of the hills, the governor of Samarkand, Mirzo Ulugbek built the biggest observatory in the East that can not compare with any other in the world. His star tables Zidji- Gurgani plied by him in his observatory in Samarkand, have kept their scientific value to date: astronomic tables content coordinates of 1018 stars . The observatory 30-meters height building had 46 meters in diameter. After the death of Ulugbek the observatory was destroyed and its location forgotten. In the early years of the 20th century the observatory was rediscovered and excavated by the archaeologist V.Vyatkin . The bottom part of its main device was found — a huge quadrant with a radius of 40.2 meters and an arc 63 meters long . Presently, the Ulugbek Museum

Bibi-Khanym Mosque The most grandiose construction to be built in Samarkand on the Emir's order, was the Bibi-Khanym Cathedral Mosque which was named after his senior wife. Construction of the mosque was started in 1399 and continued till 1404. According to Temur' idea this new mosque had to outshine anything he had seen before in the conquered lands. It was a large-scaled construction where the skilled masters' achievements of that time were concentrated including mosaics-, marble- and wooden-carvings, as well as plaster paintings. Today only some of the renovated buildings bear testimony of the former splendour of the Bibi-Khanum mosque .www.arxiv.uz

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