XVI-XVIII-asrlarda Hindiston - История - Презентации

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XVI-XVIII-asrlarda Hindiston

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XVI-XVIII-asrlarda Hindiston

reja: 1. Boburiylar imperiyasiga asos solinishi 2. Imperiya Akbarshoh davrida 3. Imperiyaning zaiflasha borishi. 2

Hello! 3XVI asrda Hindistonda siyosiy tarqoqlik hukm surgan. O'zaro ichki nizo va urushlar mamlakatni kuchsizlantirgan. Hindistondagi ichki siyosiy ahvolni sinchkovlik bilan kuzatib turgan Kobul hukmdori Zahiriddin Muhammad Bobur vaziyatdan foydalanishga qaror qildi va Hindistonni egallash uchun harbiy yurish boshladi. Bu davrda Shimoliy Hindistondagi Dehli sultonligida Hindistondagi afg'on qabilalaridan chiqqan lo'diylar sulolasi hukmronlik qilardi.

Bobur Mirzo 1526-yilning 21-aprelida Panipat jangida Ibrohim Lo'diy qo'shinini tor-mor keltirdi. 27-aprel kuni esa Dehli shahrida Bobur podshoh nomiga xutba o'qildi. Shu tariqa tarixdauch asrdan ko'p yashagan yangi imperiya Boburiylar imperiyasiga asos solindi. Bobur Hindistonda o'zi bilan qolgan qo'shinga jogir tarqatgan. Bu yerlarda xo'jalik yuritish ishlariga rahbarlik qilish mahalliy urf-odatlarni yaxshi biladigan hindlarga topshirildi Bu yerlarda xo'jalik yuritish ishlariga rahbarlik qilish mahalliy urf- odatlarni yaxshi biladigan hindlarga topshirildi. 1530-yilda Boburning o'limidan so'ng imperiya taxti katta o'g'li Humoyunga o'tdi.01 20 2B050B0A 0C0D07 06 0D 0E 0A142A22070A0E 0D18 201304 0705121C0507 1C0A10 201304 0D08050C1005 252

Humoyunning hukmronlik davri juda og'ir kechdi. 1540-yilda Humoyun hokimiyatini Bixor va Bengaliyada joylashib olgan afg'on qabilalarining yetakchisi Sherxon Surga egalladi. Shunga qaramay Humoyun taxtdan ayrilgan yillarida kuchli qo'shin tuza oldi. 51555-yilda Humoyun Eron yordamida Hindiston taxtiga da'vogarlarni tor-mor etib, yana hokimiyatni o'z qo'liga qaytarib oldi. Biroq unga taxtga uzoq o'tirish nasib etmadi. Oradan ko'p o'tmay Humoyun tasodifiy falokat tufayli halok bo'ldi. 09 11 1B0504 042C 0F051C0A1005 04 22150510 04 050E070A1015050B04 0F 01 25262626290E 080518 0C0D07 0C052F0C 13 0B05060A1C04 210510 04

Imperiya Akbarshoh davrida 1556 - yilda taxtga Humoyunning o'g'li Akbarshoh o'tirdi. U Bobur vorislari ichida eng mashhuri, tom ma'nodagi imperiyaning asoschisi, buyuk islohotchi sifatida nom qoldirgan. Bu shoh Hindiston tarixiga «Buyuk Akbar» nomi bilan kirgan. Akbarshoh bunday buyuklikka osonlikcha erishgan emas. Uning asosiy raqibi Hindistondagi afg'on qabilalari yetakchilari edi. Akbarshoh qo'shini 1559-yilga kelib taxt uchun boburiylarga qarshi kurashning yetakchi kuchlari afg'onlarning Sur sulolasi qo'shinini butunlay yanchib tashladi. 6

Akbarshoh zukko davlat arbobi, mohir sarkarda bo'lishi bilan bir qatorda, itoatkor o’g’il, g’amho’r ota ham edi. Qo’l ostidagi xalqlarning turmush farovonligi doimo uning e’tiborida bo’ldi Akbarshoh falsafa, din, adabiyot va tarix ilmini yaxshi egallagan. U boshqa din vakillariga nisbatan ham adolatli siyosat yuritdi. U hindlarning ziyoratgohlaridan olinadigan soliqni man etdi. Imperiya hududida yagona savdo solig'I joriy etilib, ham xolisa, ham jogirdorlar yerlaridan teng miqdorda soliq undiriladigan bo'ldi. Davlat idoralaridagi lavozimlar dini va mazhabidan qat'I nazar, shaxsning salohiyatiga qarab taqsimlanadigan bo'ldi. 7

Bir so'z bilan aytganda Akbarshoh hindlar bilan musulmonlarning yonma-yon tinch-totuv yashashlariga erishdi. Akbarshoh yuritgan bunday adolatli siyosat boburiylar davlatining ulkan imperiyaga aylanishida, uning mahalliy aholi va amaldorlar tomonidan qo'llab quvvatlanishida katta rol o'ynadi. Akbarshoh Hindistonda yuritgan adolatli siyosati tufayli “Milliy podshoh”, “Xalq hukmdori” nomlariga ham sazovor bo’ldi. U 1605-yilda vafot etdi. 818 02 12 06 1F 10 0A 06 1D 0E 22

Imperiyaning zaiflasha borishi XVII asr ikkinchi yarmidan boshlab imperiyada toj-u taxt uchun kurash avj oldi. Oxir oqibatda, bu kurashda 1627 —1658 yillarda hukmronlik qilgan, dunyoga mashhur Toj Mahal me'moriy obidasini bunyod ettirgan Shoh Jahon (Akbarshohning nabirasi)ning o'g'li Avrangzeb Olamgir g'alaba qozondi. U 1658-yilda Dehli shahrini egalladi va o'zini shoh deb e'lon qildi. Red Is the color of blood, and because of this it has historically been associated with sacrifice, danger and courage. 01 30 0103 07 12 1F0304 0D12030506 3B101112061314150D150E030E0901 34 1415

Avrangzeb hukmronligi davrida(1658-1707) imperiya hududi yanada kengaydi. Ayni paytda uning hukmronligi imperiyaning yillarida zaiflashuvi uchun zamin ham yetila bordi. Avvalo, Avrangzebning hech kimga ishonmasligi, hamma narsaga shubha bilan qarashi oliy martabali amaldorlar hamda mahalliy hind hukmdorlarining undan ko'nglini sovutdi. Hindlar qaytadan “jizya” solig’i to'lashga majbur etildi. Hatto hindlarning muqaddas ziyoratgohlarga boruvchilaridan ham soliq olinadigan bo'ldi. Musulmon savdogarlari soliqdan ozod qilingani holda, hind savdogarlariga tovarning besh foizi miqdorida soliq joriy etildi. Avrangzebning bu siyosati oxir oqibatda Boburiylar hokimiyatining zaiflashuviga olib kelgan. 10

Adabiyotlar: 111. Урта асрлар тарихи. В.Ф. Семёнов. Т., 1973. 2. Дневник путешествие к двору Тимура. Ри Гонзелеса де Клавихо. (1403-1406). М., Наука 1990. 3. Истории италии. В 3 т. М., Наука.1970. Т.1. 4. Культура эпоха Возрождения М., - "Наука" 1986.

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