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Bank-moliya akademiyasi: ingliz tili. Magistraturaga kirish test sinoviga tayyorgarlik: variantlar to‘plami (2026–2027)

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BANK-MOLIYA AKADEMIYASI: INGLIZ TILI Magistraturaga kirish test sinoviga tayyorgarlik: variantlar to'plami (2026– 2027) 20 ta variant • 1000 ta topshiriq • javoblari bilan Mashq to'plami • 2025–2026 o'quv yili BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 1 Imtihon tuzilishi va yo'riqnoma • Bank-moliya akademiyasi magistraturasiga kirish test sinovlari Bilim va malakalarni baholash agentligi bilan hamkorlikda o'tkaziladi. 2026-yilgi qabulda test 5-sentabrda bo'lib o'tdi (3700 dan ortiq abituriyent qatnashgan). • Test fanlari: mutaxassislikka oid iqtisodiyot fani va ingliz tili. Natija 100 ballik tizimda: mutaxassislik fani — 64 ball, ingliz tili — 36 ball. Kamida B2 darajadagi ingliz tili sertifikatiga ega abituriyentlar ingliz tili o'rniga mutaxassislik fanlaridan test topshiradi. • Minimal o'tish bali — maksimal ballning kamida 30 foizi; eng yuqori ball to'plaganlar kvota doirasida tavsiya etiladi. Test fanlari bo'yicha rasmiy dasturlar akademiya saytida (admission.bfa.uz) test oldidan e'lon qilinadi. • Har bir fandan savollar soni rasmiy manbada ko'rsatilmagan, shu sababli to'plam 20 ta variant × 50 ta savol ko'rinishida tuzildi. To'g'ri javob har bir savol ostida yashil rangda, hujjat oxirida javoblar kaliti bor. • Muhim: rasmiy test savollari ochiq e'lon qilinmaydi. Bu fan dasturlari asosida tuzilgan mashq savollari. Har bir variant tuzilishi Topshiriqlar Turi Izoh 1–50 Yopiq test (4 ta variant) Bitta to'g'ri javob BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 2 Mundarija № Variant Topshiriqlar 1 1-variant 1–50 2 2-variant 51–100 3 3-variant 101–150 4 4-variant 151–200 5 5-variant 201–250 6 6-variant 251–300 7 7-variant 301–350 8 8-variant 351–400 9 9-variant 401–450 10 10-variant 451–500 11 11-variant 501–550 12 12-variant 551–600 13 13-variant 601–650 14 14-variant 651–700 15 15-variant 701–750 16 16-variant 751–800 17 17-variant 801–850 18 18-variant 851–900 19 19-variant 901–950 20 20-variant 951–1000 Jami topshiriqlar 1000 Javoblar kaliti (hujjat oxirida) BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 3 1-variant English • choose the correct answer 1. Choose the correct form: «The ... (RELY) of the data has been questioned by the auditors.» A) reliability B) reliance C) reliant D) reliable To'g'ri javob: A) reliability✔ 2. Banks' «KYC» procedures, which require them to verify the identity of their clients, stand for ... A) Key Yield Calculation B) Keep Your Capital C) Known Yearly Credit D) Know Your Customer To'g'ri javob: D) Know Your Customer ✔ 3. Choose the correct form: «The ... (FEASIBLE) study showed that the project would be profitable.» A) infeasible B) feasible C) feasibly D) feasibility To'g'ri javob: D) feasibility ✔ 4. Choose the correct form: «Banks must make full ... (DISCLOSE) of all significant risks to investors.» A) discloser B) disclosure C) disclosed D) disclosing To'g'ri javob: B) disclosure ✔ 5. Two years ago the bank ___ only 50 employees. A) was having B) had C) has had D) has To'g'ri javob: B) had ✔ 6. How long ___ Ms Karimova as your financial adviser? A) are you knowing B) do you know C) have you known D) have you been knowing To'g'ri javob: C) have you known ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 4 7. Profit made from selling an asset, such as shares or property, for more than its purchase price is called a ... A) capital gain B) windfall tax C) dividend yield D) revenue stream To'g'ri javob: A) capital gain✔ 8. Choose the correct form: «The bank has a good ... (REPUTE) for customer service.» A) reputed B) reputedly C) reputation D) reputable To'g'ri javob: C) reputation ✔ 9. «I had already paid the bill,» he said. → He said he ___ the bill. A) would already paid B) has already been paid C) had already paid D) already pays To'g'ri javob: C) had already paid ✔ 10. A broker's demand that an investor deposit additional funds because the value of securities bought on borrowed money has fallen is a ... A) cold call B) margin call C) cash call D) capital call To'g'ri javob: B) margin call ✔ 11. «Did the auditors find any problems?» the CEO asked. → The CEO asked ___ any problems. A) whether had the auditors found B) whether the auditors had found C) did the auditors find D) had the auditors found To'g'ri javob: B) whether the auditors had found ✔ 12. Choose the correct form: «Strong ... (PRODUCE) growth allows wages to rise without causing inflation.» A) productive B) productivity C) productively D) producer To'g'ri javob: B) productivity ✔ 13. Inflation ___ steadily since the beginning of the year. A) has been rising B) rose C) is rising D) rises To'g'ri javob: A) has been rising ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 5 14. Mr Aliyev ___ the company in 2010 and still runs it today. A) has founded B) founded C) was founding D) had founded To'g'ri javob: B) founded✔ 15. In a new share issue, the financial institution that guarantees to buy any shares not taken up by investors is the ... A) registrar B) auditor C) custodian D) underwriter To'g'ri javob: D) underwriter ✔ 16. Unemployment ___ for three consecutive months, which worries policymakers. A) increases B) is increased C) has been increasing D) had increased To'g'ri javob: C) has been increasing ✔ 17. Choose the correct form: «Exporters often benefit when the government decides to ... (VALUE) the national currency.» A) evaluate B) valuable C) devalue D) validate To'g'ri javob: C) devalue ✔ 18. Choose the correct form: «Many state companies were ... (PRIVATE) in the 1990s.» A) privacy B) privately C) privatised D) privatisation To'g'ri javob: C) privatised ✔ 19. An arrangement that allows a current account holder to withdraw more money than the account contains, up to an agreed limit, is a(n) ... A) overdraft B) standing order C) direct debit D) letter of credit To'g'ri javob: A) overdraft ✔ 20. A situation in which large numbers of depositors, fearing the bank may fail, withdraw their money at the same time is a ... A) flash crash B) credit crunch C) short squeeze D) bank run To'g'ri javob: D) bank run ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 6 21. «I was talking to the client when the line went dead,» he said. → He explained that he ___ to the client when the line went dead. A) is talking B) talks C) had been talking D) has been talking To'g'ri javob: C) had been talking✔ 22. «I would help you if I had time,» she said. → She said she ___ me if she had time. A) would help B) will help C) would have help D) helps To'g'ri javob: A) would help ✔ 23. We ___ the client tomorrow afternoon; the appointment is already in my diary. A) meet B) are meeting C) had met D) have met To'g'ri javob: B) are meeting ✔ 24. When the CEO arrived, the board ___ the merger for two hours. A) is discussing B) has been discussing C) discusses D) had been discussing To'g'ri javob: D) had been discussing ✔ 25. «Don't sign anything yet,» the lawyer told us. → The lawyer told us ___ anything yet. A) don't sign B) to not signing C) didn't sign D) not to sign To'g'ri javob: D) not to sign ✔ 26. «Where is the head office?» he asked. → He asked where the head office ___. A) did it be B) was it C) is it D) was To'g'ri javob: D) was ✔ 27. Our auditors ___ the accounts since Monday, and they still haven't finished. A) are checking B) checked C) have been checking D) had checked To'g'ri javob: C) have been checking ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 7 28. We were late: when we arrived, the presentation ___. A) has already begun B) is already beginning C) had already begun D) already begins To'g'ri javob: C) had already begun✔ 29. Choose the correct form: «All customer data are treated as strictly ... (CONFIDE).» A) confiding B) confidence C) confident D) confidential To'g'ri javob: D) confidential ✔ 30. $1,000 is invested at 10% per year, compounded annually. What is the balance after two years? A) $1,210 B) $1,100 C) $1,200 D) $1,221 To'g'ri javob: A) $1,210 ✔ 31. Which sentence is grammatically correct (duration up to now)? A) She was the head of treasury since three years. B) She has been the head of treasury for three years. C) She is being the head of treasury for three years. D) She is the head of treasury for three years. To'g'ri javob: B) She has been the head of treasury for three years. ✔ 32. «I'm sorry I was late,» he said. → He apologised ___ late. A) about be B) to be C) that being D) for being To'g'ri javob: D) for being ✔ 33. Choose the correct form: «Our main ... (COMPETE) has just lowered its interest rates.» A) competence B) competitor C) competition D) competitive To'g'ri javob: B) competitor ✔ 34. «I'm not going to pay this fine!» she said. → She insisted that she ___ going to pay the fine. A) didn't B) wasn't C) hadn't D) weren't To'g'ri javob: B) wasn't ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 8 35. She ___ three reports today, and it's only noon. A) had written B) wrote C) has written D) writes To'g'ri javob: C) has written✔ 36. Choose the correct form: «The bank's ... (ABLE) to raise new capital was limited by the crisis.» A) enable B) able-bodied C) disable D) ability To'g'ri javob: D) ability ✔ 37. Spreading investments across different assets so that losses on some may be offset by gains on others is called ... A) diversification B) capitalisation C) consolidation D) securitisation To'g'ri javob: A) diversification ✔ 38. Choose the correct form: «The ... (REGULATE) of the airline industry in the 1980s led to lower fares.» A) deregulation B) irregularity C) regulator D) regulatory To'g'ri javob: A) deregulation ✔ 39. «You stole the money!» the manager said to the cashier. → The manager accused the cashier ___ the money. A) of stealing B) to steal C) for stealing D) about stealing To'g'ri javob: A) of stealing ✔ 40. «How much does the service cost?» she asked. → She asked how much the service ___. A) did cost B) cost C) does cost D) did it cost To'g'ri javob: B) cost ✔ 41. Choose the correct form: «Uzbekistan's ... (ECONOMY) growth has been driven by exports and construction.» A) economic B) economically C) economist D) economical To'g'ri javob: A) economic ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 9 42. «I am preparing the budget,» she said. → She said she ___ the budget. A) had prepared B) would prepare C) prepares D) was preparing To'g'ri javob: D) was preparing✔ 43. A short-term loan that covers the period until longer-term finance is arranged, for example between buying a new house and selling the old one, is a ... loan. A) bridging B) soft C) revolving D) balloon To'g'ri javob: A) bridging ✔ 44. Look at these sales figures — the company ___ a loss this year. A) was made B) makes C) had made D) is going to make To'g'ri javob: D) is going to make ✔ 45. The process of concealing the illegal origin of money by passing it through a series of legitimate- looking transactions is ... A) money laundering B) insider trading C) front running D) tax avoidance To'g'ri javob: A) money laundering ✔ 46. «Please arrive on time,» the trainer told us. → The trainer asked us ___ on time. A) to arrive B) arriving C) arrive D) that arrive To'g'ri javob: A) to arrive ✔ 47. By the end of next quarter, the bank ___ its new mobile app in all regions. A) launched B) has launched C) will have launched D) had launched To'g'ri javob: C) will have launched ✔ 48. A cheque that the bank refuses to pay, for example because there are insufficient funds in the account, is said to be ... A) dishonoured B) cleared C) crossed D) endorsed To'g'ri javob: A) dishonoured ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 10 49. The process of closing down a company and selling its assets in order to pay its creditors is called ... A) merger B) flotation C) liquidation D) incorporation To'g'ri javob: C) liquidation✔ 50. In reported speech, «two years ago» usually changes to: A) two years before B) two years after C) two years later D) two years then To'g'ri javob: A) two years before ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 11 2-variant English • choose the correct answer 1. It's late. We ___ go home now. A) would better B) had better C) had better to D) have better To'g'ri javob: B) had better✔ 2. Could you give me ___ advice on pensions? A) a few B) many C) some D) an To'g'ri javob: C) some ✔ 3. Choose the correct preposition: «The loan agreement is subject ... approval by the credit committee.» A) with B) to C) of D) on To'g'ri javob: B) to ✔ 4. The price of a good rises by 10% and the quantity demanded falls by 20%. The price elasticity of demand (in absolute value) is ... A) 0.5, so demand is inelastic B) 2, so demand is elastic C) 20, so demand is perfectly elastic D) 1, so demand is unit elastic To'g'ri javob: B) 2, so demand is elastic ✔ 5. The documents aren't on my desk. Someone ___ them by mistake. A) can't have taken B) must have taken C) should take D) must take To'g'ri javob: B) must have taken ✔ 6. Choose the correct preposition: «Employees are entitled ... 21 days' paid holiday per year.» A) to B) for C) with D) of To'g'ri javob: A) to ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 12 7. Choose the correct preposition: «I am writing ... behalf of the board of directors.» A) in B) at C) by D) on To'g'ri javob: D) on✔ 8. Choose the correct preposition: «Many small exporters rely ... a single foreign buyer.» A) on B) at C) in D) to To'g'ri javob: A) on ✔ 9. Choose the correct preposition: «Many young graduates are heavily ... debt after university.» A) at B) in C) on D) under the To'g'ri javob: B) in ✔ 10. Choose the correct preposition: «Commercial banks are required ... law to report suspicious transactions.» A) with B) on C) by D) from To'g'ri javob: C) by ✔ 11. Each of the departments ___ its own budget. A) are having B) has C) having D) have To'g'ri javob: B) has ✔ 12. I'm not sure where Anvar is. He ___ be at lunch. A) could B) has to C) should D) must To'g'ri javob: A) could ✔ 13. Pollution from a factory that harms people living nearby, who are not compensated, is an example of a negative ... A) tariff B) subsidy C) economy of scale D) externality To'g'ri javob: D) externality ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 13 14. Employees ___ wear their ID badges at all times; it's a security rule. A) must B) needn't C) might D) could To'g'ri javob: A) must✔ 15. Choose the correct preposition: «The company offered shares to its staff ... exchange for a cut in wages.» A) on B) for C) at D) in To'g'ri javob: D) in ✔ 16. Ten thousand dollars ___ a lot of money for a small business. A) were B) have C) is D) are To'g'ri javob: C) is ✔ 17. ___ inflation is a major concern for policymakers in many countries. A) A B) The C) (no article) D) An To'g'ri javob: C) (no article) ✔ 18. Choose the correct preposition: «... average, customers visit a branch twice a year.» A) On B) At C) By D) In To'g'ri javob: A) On ✔ 19. Choose the correct preposition: «Salary increases this year will be in line ... inflation.» A) for B) of C) with D) to To'g'ri javob: C) with ✔ 20. There is ___ evidence that the strategy works; we need more data. A) many B) a few C) little D) few To'g'ri javob: C) little ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 14 21. ___ of the applicants had the required experience, so we re-advertised the job. A) No B) Any C) Nothing D) None To'g'ri javob: D) None✔ 22. I need ___ more days to finish the audit. A) much B) little C) a little D) a few To'g'ri javob: D) a few ✔ 23. He has ___ experience in investment banking — over ten years. A) several B) a few C) many D) a lot of To'g'ri javob: D) a lot of ✔ 24. Choose the correct preposition: «After three years of losses, the company is finally ... the black.» A) at B) over C) in D) on To'g'ri javob: C) in ✔ 25. Under the new policy, staff ___ work from home two days a week if they wish. A) ought to B) must C) have to D) may To'g'ri javob: D) may ✔ 26. Choose the correct question (obligation). A) Must we to pay a commission? B) Do we must pay a commission? C) Have we to paying a commission? D) Do we have to pay a commission? To'g'ri javob: D) Do we have to pay a commission? ✔ 27. The record of all economic transactions between residents of a country and the rest of the world over a period is the ... A) national budget B) balance of payments C) capital adequacy ratio D) consumer price index To'g'ri javob: B) balance of payments ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 15 28. Choose the correct sentence with «every» or «each». A) Every clients receive a monthly statement. B) All client receives a monthly statement. C) Each clients receives a monthly statement. D) Every client receives a monthly statement. To'g'ri javob: D) Every client receives a monthly statement.✔ 29. An economic philosophy favouring minimal government intervention in markets is called ... A) mercantilism B) protectionism C) laissez-faire D) central planning To'g'ri javob: C) laissez-faire ✔ 30. ___ I send you the invoice by email? (offering help) A) Will B) Would C) Must D) Shall To'g'ri javob: D) Shall ✔ 31. I wonder why she hasn't arrived. She ___ have got stuck in traffic. A) may B) needn't C) should D) can To'g'ri javob: A) may ✔ 32. ___ unemployed often find it hard to get credit. A) The B) An C) A D) (no article) To'g'ri javob: A) The ✔ 33. ___ the shareholders voted for the proposal. A) Most the B) Most C) Most of D) The most To'g'ri javob: C) Most of ✔ 34. A country should specialise in producing goods for which it has the lowest opportunity cost. This is the principle of ... A) absolute advantage B) diminishing marginal utility C) the invisible hand D) comparative advantage To'g'ri javob: D) comparative advantage ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 16 35. Choose the correct preposition: «The new pricing policy resulted ... a 20% increase in revenue.» (cause → effect) A) of B) from C) to D) in To'g'ri javob: D) in✔ 36. A student who spends a year studying full-time instead of taking a job paying $20,000 gives up that salary. In economics, the $20,000 is the ... of studying. A) fixed cost B) opportunity cost C) marginal revenue D) sunk cost To'g'ri javob: B) opportunity cost ✔ 37. Unemployment caused by a general fall in aggregate demand during a downturn in the business cycle is ... unemployment. A) cyclical B) frictional C) hidden D) structural To'g'ri javob: A) cyclical ✔ 38. Demand for a good is described as «price inelastic» when ... A) the good has many close substitutes B) demand does not depend on income C) a small price change causes a very large change in quantity demanded D) the percentage change in quantity demanded is smaller than the percentage change in price To'g'ri javob: D) the percentage change in quantity demanded is smaller than the percentage ✔ change in price 39. Can I have ___ sheet of paper, please? A) a B) many C) an D) few To'g'ri javob: A) a ✔ 40. We ___ booked a hotel — our partners had already arranged accommodation for us. A) mustn't have B) couldn't have C) needn't have D) didn't need To'g'ri javob: C) needn't have ✔ 41. Choose the correct preposition: «The government is considering a new tax ... sugary drinks.» A) of B) on C) in D) for To'g'ri javob: B) on ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 17 42. Selling goods abroad at a price below their cost of production or below the price in the home market is known as ... A) dumping B) protectionism C) arbitrage D) hedging To'g'ri javob: A) dumping✔ 43. A situation in which a party takes on more risk because it knows someone else will bear the cost, for example a bank expecting a government bailout, is called ... A) a negative multiplier B) a liquidity trap C) moral hazard D) adverse selection To'g'ri javob: C) moral hazard ✔ 44. Our bank has offices in ___ United Kingdom and Germany. A) the B) a C) an D) (no article) To'g'ri javob: A) the ✔ 45. The bank's profits rose by 40%. The new strategy ___ been successful. A) should B) must have C) can't have D) need have To'g'ri javob: B) must have ✔ 46. Tell me honestly — ___ I accept the job offer? A) ought B) would C) must D) should To'g'ri javob: D) should ✔ 47. If you are not satisfied with our service, you ___ contact our customer support line. A) must to B) have C) can D) need To'g'ri javob: C) can ✔ 48. Which sentence expresses a past habit? A) We should meet every Friday to review the accounts. B) We will meet every Friday to review the accounts. C) We would meet every Friday to review the accounts. D) We must meet every Friday to review the accounts. To'g'ri javob: C) We would meet every Friday to review the accounts. ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 18 49. Gross national product (GNP) differs from gross domestic product (GDP) mainly because GNP ... A) excludes all government spending B) counts only the output of manufacturing C) includes net income earned abroad by the country's residents D) is measured only in foreign currency To'g'ri javob: C) includes net income earned abroad by the country's residents✔ 50. A policy of cutting government spending and/or raising taxes in order to reduce a budget deficit is known as ... A) reflation B) austerity C) deregulation D) quantitative easing To'g'ri javob: B) austerity ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 19 3-variant English • choose the correct answer 1. If we had hedged our currency risk, we ___ so much money. A) wouldn't have lost B) hadn't lost C) won't lose D) didn't lose To'g'ri javob: A) wouldn't have lost✔ 2. ___ having a strong balance sheet, the firm couldn't get a loan. A) Despite B) Even if C) However D) Although To'g'ri javob: A) Despite ✔ 3. Read the text and answer the question. Currency boards are a strict form of fixed exchange rate system. Under a currency board, the domestic currency is fully backed by foreign reserves at a fixed rate, and the central bank cannot freely print money. This can bring credibility and low inflation, but it also means the country gives up an independent monetary policy. Under a currency board, the domestic currency is ... A) fully backed by foreign reserves at a fixed rate B) backed only by government bonds C) issued by commercial banks D) freely floating against all currencies To'g'ri javob: A) fully backed by foreign reserves at a fixed rate ✔ 4. The building, ___ roof was damaged, is being repaired. A) whose B) which C) of which the D) that To'g'ri javob: A) whose ✔ 5. Choose the correct word: «For the third quarter in a row, the sales team ... its target.» A) threw B) hit C) fired D) kicked To'g'ri javob: B) hit ✔ 6. He resigned suddenly. ___, he never explained why. A) However B) Therefore C) Because D) So that To'g'ri javob: A) However ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 20 7. Read the text and answer the question. Index funds aim to replicate the performance of a market index rather than to beat it. Because they do not require teams of analysts to select stocks, their management fees are usually much lower than those of actively managed funds. Research has shown that, over long periods, many active funds fail to outperform their benchmark index after fees. Why are index fund fees usually lower than those of active funds? A) They are subsidised by the government B) They trade shares very frequently C) They invest only in government bonds D) They do not need analysts to select individual stocks To'g'ri javob: D) They do not need analysts to select individual stocks✔ 8. That's the client ___ company we audited last year. A) which B) whose C) who D) who's To'g'ri javob: B) whose ✔ 9. ___ you need any further information, please do not hesitate to contact us. A) Should B) Would C) Were D) Had To'g'ri javob: A) Should ✔ 10. We would save money if we ___ our supplier. A) changed B) change C) will change D) would change To'g'ri javob: A) changed ✔ 11. If he weren't so careless, he ___ that error in the contract last week. A) wouldn't have made B) wouldn't make C) didn't make D) won't make To'g'ri javob: A) wouldn't have made ✔ 12. The CEO, ___ decision caused the scandal, resigned. A) who B) which C) that D) whose To'g'ri javob: D) whose ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 21 13. We must reduce costs; ___, we will make a loss. A) if B) otherwise C) unless D) provided To'g'ri javob: B) otherwise✔ 14. The company for ___ she works is based in Dubai. A) what B) that C) where D) which To'g'ri javob: D) which ✔ 15. The consultants ___ we hired were very expensive. A) which B) what C) whose D) whom To'g'ri javob: D) whom ✔ 16. Without the new loan, the company ___ to pay its suppliers last month. A) wouldn't have been able B) isn't able C) wouldn't be able D) won't be able To'g'ri javob: A) wouldn't have been able ✔ 17. Choose the correct word: «I don't need an exact number yet; just give me a ... figure for the project cost.» A) ballpark B) field C) playground D) stadium To'g'ri javob: A) ballpark ✔ 18. Choose the correct word: «To reserve the equipment, you need to ... a 10% deposit.» A) charge B) spend C) cost D) pay To'g'ri javob: D) pay ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 22 19. Read the text and answer the question. Mergers are often justified by the promise of synergies, the idea that the combined company will be worth more than the two firms separately, for example through cost savings. In practice, many mergers fail to deliver the expected benefits. Common reasons include paying too high a price, clashes between corporate cultures and difficulties in integrating IT systems. Which of the following is NOT given as a reason why mergers fail? A) Excessive government subsidies B) Problems integrating IT systems C) Clashes between corporate cultures D) Paying too high a price To'g'ri javob: A) Excessive government subsidies✔ 20. If inflation ___ above the target, the central bank usually raises rates. A) would rise B) rose C) will rise D) rises To'g'ri javob: D) rises ✔ 21. Read the text and answer the question. Fintech companies have changed the way people make payments. Mobile wallets allow customers to pay with a smartphone, and money can be transferred between accounts within seconds. Traditional banks have responded by investing heavily in their own digital services. Some banks have also chosen to partner with fintech start-ups rather than compete with them. How have traditional banks responded to fintech companies, according to the text? A) By lobbying the government to ban mobile wallets B) By closing all their branches C) By reducing their spending on technology D) By investing in digital services and in some cases partnering with start-ups To'g'ri javob: D) By investing in digital services and in some cases partnering with start-ups ✔ 22. Read the text and answer the question. Anti-money-laundering rules require banks to verify the identity of their customers and to report suspicious transactions. Typical warning signs include large cash deposits that do not match a customer's known income, or frequent transfers to high-risk jurisdictions. Banks that fail to comply can face heavy fines and serious damage to their reputation. According to the text, what can happen to banks that do not comply? A) They must close all their branches B) They lose the right to issue cards C) They receive government subsidies D) They may face large fines and reputational damage To'g'ri javob: D) They may face large fines and reputational damage ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 23 23. Choose the correct word: «The company hopes to ... $5 million in new capital from venture investors.» A) rise B) raise C) lift D) arise To'g'ri javob: B) raise✔ 24. Choose the correct word: «Please read the ... and conditions carefully before signing.» A) terms B) items C) points D) words To'g'ri javob: A) terms ✔ 25. Choose the correct word: «Please ... the outstanding invoice within 30 days of receipt.» A) calm B) solve C) fix D) settle To'g'ri javob: D) settle ✔ 26. Choose the correct word: «To remain competitive, we need to ... costs by at least 15%.» A) descend B) fall C) cut D) decline To'g'ri javob: C) cut ✔ 27. ___ the project is approved, we'll start work immediately. A) Although B) If C) Despite D) Whereas To'g'ri javob: B) If ✔ 28. In which sentence can «that» be omitted? A) The clerk that served me was rude. B) The fund that performed best was closed. C) The bank that offers the best rate wins. D) The loan that we took out was expensive. To'g'ri javob: D) The loan that we took out was expensive. ✔ 29. Choose the correct sentence with a concessive linker. A) Despite the price was high, they bought the company. B) Although the price was high, they bought the company. C) Although the price was high, but they bought the company. D) In spite the price was high, they bought the company. To'g'ri javob: B) Although the price was high, they bought the company. ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 24 30. Choose the correct word: «Advising both the buyer and the seller in the same deal creates a ... of interest.» A) battle B) war C) fight D) conflict To'g'ri javob: D) conflict✔ 31. Read the text and answer the question. The price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio compares a company's share price with its earnings per share. A high P/E ratio may suggest that investors expect strong future growth, while a low ratio may indicate that a share is undervalued or that the company faces difficulties. Comparing P/E ratios is most meaningful between companies in the same industry. A company's share price is $60 and its earnings per share are $4. What is its P/E ratio? A) 64 B) 56 C) 15 D) 240 To'g'ri javob: C) 15 ✔ 32. Read the text and answer the question. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) often find it difficult to obtain bank loans. They may lack collateral, have short credit histories or be unable to provide audited financial statements. To address this problem, some governments operate credit guarantee schemes, under which the state covers part of the loss if an SME borrower defaults. Which reason for SMEs' difficulty in obtaining loans is NOT mentioned? A) Lack of collateral B) Short credit histories C) No audited financial statements D) Too many employees To'g'ri javob: D) Too many employees ✔ 33. Choose the correct word: «If payment is not received by Friday, we will be forced to ... legal action.» A) take B) play C) do D) make To'g'ri javob: A) take ✔ 34. If the central bank raises interest rates, borrowing ___ more expensive. A) would have become B) would become C) will become D) became To'g'ri javob: C) will become ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 25 35. We should invest in staff training; ___, productivity will fall. A) therefore B) moreover C) thus D) otherwise To'g'ri javob: D) otherwise✔ 36. Read the text and answer the question. Mergers are often justified by the promise of synergies, the idea that the combined company will be worth more than the two firms separately, for example through cost savings. In practice, many mergers fail to deliver the expected benefits. Common reasons include paying too high a price, clashes between corporate cultures and difficulties in integrating IT systems. What does the author suggest about the promised synergies of mergers? A) They depend only on the price paid B) They are always achieved within a year C) They are mainly created by IT integration D) They are frequently not realised in practice To'g'ri javob: D) They are frequently not realised in practice ✔ 37. He worked hard; ___, he failed to meet his sales targets. A) therefore B) nevertheless C) furthermore D) thus To'g'ri javob: B) nevertheless ✔ 38. ___ the company to go bankrupt, thousands of jobs would be lost. A) Had B) Should C) Were D) Would To'g'ri javob: C) Were ✔ 39. Read the text and answer the question. Deposit insurance protects bank customers if their bank fails. In many countries, deposits up to a certain amount are guaranteed by a state-backed fund. This reduces the likelihood of bank runs, because depositors know their money is safe. Critics note that deposit insurance can also create moral hazard, as banks may take greater risks knowing their depositors are protected. According to the text, why does deposit insurance reduce the likelihood of bank runs? A) Because banks are forbidden to lend money B) Because depositors know their money is protected C) Because it limits withdrawals to small amounts D) Because it raises interest rates on deposits To'g'ri javob: B) Because depositors know their money is protected ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 26 40. I wish I ___ that email to the whole department yesterday — it was embarrassing. A) wouldn't send B) haven't sent C) didn't send D) hadn't sent To'g'ri javob: D) hadn't sent✔ 41. ___ the bank nor the client was aware of the error. A) Not B) Both C) Either D) Neither To'g'ri javob: D) Neither ✔ 42. Choose the correct word: «The CEO ... an annual salary of over $1 million.» A) tows B) drags C) pulls D) draws To'g'ri javob: D) draws ✔ 43. Choose the correct word: «After six months of talks, the unions and management finally ... an agreement.» A) reached B) arrived C) came D) got To'g'ri javob: A) reached ✔ 44. If the company ___ profitable, it wouldn't need a bailout. A) is B) were C) will be D) would be To'g'ri javob: B) were ✔ 45. Choose the correct second conditional sentence. A) If I won the lottery, I would pay off my mortgage. B) If I win the lottery, I would pay off my mortgage. C) If I had won the lottery, I will pay off my mortgage. D) If I would win the lottery, I would pay off my mortgage. To'g'ri javob: A) If I won the lottery, I would pay off my mortgage. ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 27 46. Read the text and answer the question. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) often find it difficult to obtain bank loans. They may lack collateral, have short credit histories or be unable to provide audited financial statements. To address this problem, some governments operate credit guarantee schemes, under which the state covers part of the loss if an SME borrower defaults. How do credit guarantee schemes help SMEs, according to the text? A) They remove the need for SMEs to repay loans B) The state covers part of the lender's loss if the borrower defaults C) They lend money directly to SMEs at zero interest D) They provide SMEs with free accounting services To'g'ri javob: B) The state covers part of the lender's loss if the borrower defaults✔ 47. Choose the correct word: «After the plant closed, 200 workers were ... redundant.» A) put B) done C) got D) made To'g'ri javob: D) made ✔ 48. Read the text and answer the question. Dollarisation occurs when residents of a country widely use a foreign currency, typically the US dollar, instead of or alongside the national currency. It often develops after periods of high inflation, when people lose confidence in their own money. Although it can bring price stability, high dollarisation limits the central bank's ability to influence the economy through monetary policy. What disadvantage of high dollarisation does the text mention? A) It makes imports more expensive B) It reduces the effectiveness of the central bank's monetary policy C) It prevents foreign investment D) It causes high inflation To'g'ri javob: B) It reduces the effectiveness of the central bank's monetary policy ✔ 49. Read the text and answer the question. Remittances, money sent home by migrants working abroad, are an important source of income for many developing countries. They help families pay for food, education and healthcare. Unlike foreign direct investment, remittances tend to remain stable or even increase during economic crises in the receiving country. However, high transfer fees reduce the amount that actually reaches families. How do remittances differ from foreign direct investment, according to the text? A) They are controlled by the government B) They tend to stay stable or rise during crises in the receiving country C) They are much larger in every country D) They are used mainly for building factories To'g'ri javob: B) They tend to stay stable or rise during crises in the receiving country ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 28 50. We'll lose the contract ___ we reduce our price. A) provided B) if C) as long as D) unless To'g'ri javob: D) unless✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 29 4-variant English • choose the correct answer 1. Choose the correct particle: «The bank plans to roll ... its new payment system across the country next year.» (= introduce gradually) A) in B) out C) over D) off To'g'ri javob: B) out✔ 2. Our products ___ in Uzbekistan since 1995. A) are manufacturing B) have been manufactured C) manufactured D) have manufactured To'g'ri javob: B) have been manufactured ✔ 3. The list of topics to be discussed at a meeting, circulated in advance, is the ... A) itinerary B) agenda C) invoice D) minutes To'g'ri javob: B) agenda ✔ 4. Choose the grammatically correct passive sentence. A) The accounts were audited by an independent firm. B) The accounts were audit by an independent firm. C) The accounts was audited by an independent firm. D) The accounts audited by an independent firm. To'g'ri javob: A) The accounts were audited by an independent firm. ✔ 5. Which sentence is most appropriate for introducing yourself in a formal email? A) Dilnoza here again, you probably know me already from somewhere. B) Hi there, it's me, Dilnoza, the lending lady from that bank you know. C) I am Dilnoza and I write you because I work in the bank lending. D) My name is Dilnoza Karimova and I am head of corporate lending at a commercial bank. To'g'ri javob: D) My name is Dilnoza Karimova and I am head of corporate lending at a commercial ✔ bank. 6. We need ___ more staff for the new branch. A) hiring B) to hire C) hire D) hired To'g'ri javob: B) to hire ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 30 7. Choose the correct particle: «Our lawyers are drawing ... a new contract for the supplier.» (= prepare a written document) A) up B) on C) out D) back To'g'ri javob: A) up✔ 8. The training helped me ___ my presentation skills. A) improve B) improvement C) improved D) improving To'g'ri javob: A) improve ✔ 9. In a cover letter for a banking job, which sentence is most appropriate? A) I would welcome the opportunity to discuss my application at an interview. B) You should give me this job because I really deserve it. C) Call me soon so we can talk about my new job at your bank. D) I am simply the best candidate you will ever find for this position. To'g'ri javob: A) I would welcome the opportunity to discuss my application at an interview. ✔ 10. They postponed ___ the decision until the next meeting. A) making B) made C) to make D) make To'g'ri javob: A) making ✔ 11. Choose the correct particle: «Pay talks broke ... after the union rejected the final offer.» (= failed / stopped) A) down B) out C) up D) off To'g'ri javob: A) down ✔ 12. Which phrase is most appropriate for giving bad news politely in a formal letter? A) Sadly for you, we say no. B) Your application is bad and was refused. C) We regret to inform you that your application has been unsuccessful. D) We must tell you no. To'g'ri javob: C) We regret to inform you that your application has been unsuccessful. ✔ 13. Which sentence is in the passive voice? A) The deal was approved by the board. B) The board approved the deal. C) The board is approving the deal. D) The board has approved the deal. To'g'ri javob: A) The deal was approved by the board. ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 31 14. On the telephone, the receptionist says: «I'm afraid Mr Aliev is in a meeting at the moment.» What is the most appropriate offer to make next? A) Then goodbye. B) So call another day. C) Would you like to leave a message? D) You have to wait. To'g'ri javob: C) Would you like to leave a message?✔ 15. The CEO encouraged employees ___ new ideas. A) proposed B) propose C) to propose D) proposing To'g'ri javob: C) to propose ✔ 16. The shareholders ___ that dividends would be cut. A) were telling B) have told C) were told D) told To'g'ri javob: C) were told ✔ 17. In the phrase «at your earliest convenience», the writer is asking the reader to act ... A) as soon as it is reasonably possible for them B) on a fixed date chosen by the writer C) only after a long delay D) only if it is free of charge To'g'ri javob: A) as soon as it is reasonably possible for them ✔ 18. You'd better ___ the deadline. A) not miss B) not to miss C) don't miss D) not missing To'g'ri javob: A) not miss ✔ 19. The abbreviation «ASAP» means ... A) always send a payment B) after scheduled approval process C) as soon as permitted D) as soon as possible To'g'ri javob: D) as soon as possible ✔ 20. Which phrase is typically used to make a conditional offer in a negotiation? A) If you increase your order to 1,000 units, we can offer a 5% discount. B) We give no discount at all. C) Discount is impossible, forget it. D) You will buy 1,000 units. To'g'ri javob: A) If you increase your order to 1,000 units, we can offer a 5% discount. ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 32 21. Choose the correct particle: «Demand for luxury goods has dropped ... sharply this quarter.» (= decreased) A) in B) off C) over D) out To'g'ri javob: B) off✔ 22. The data needs ___ before it is published. A) checked B) checking C) be checked D) to check To'g'ri javob: B) checking ✔ 23. The money ___ into your account tomorrow. A) will be transferred B) transfers C) will transfer D) is transferring To'g'ri javob: A) will be transferred ✔ 24. The company ___ by a Japanese investor in 2019. A) was taken over B) was taking over C) has been taken over D) took over To'g'ri javob: A) was taken over ✔ 25. I'll never forget ___ my first salary. A) received B) receive C) receiving D) to receive To'g'ri javob: C) receiving ✔ 26. Which word is the formal equivalent of «ask about» in «I am writing to ask about the vacancy»? A) enquire B) inquire into C) acquire D) require To'g'ri javob: A) enquire ✔ 27. Which phrase is most suitable for closing an informal but professional email to a colleague? A) Respectfully submitted B) With deepest sympathy C) Yours faithfully D) Best regards To'g'ri javob: D) Best regards ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 33 28. Choose the correct particle: «Share prices bounced ... quickly after the initial panic.» (= recovered) A) over B) up C) off D) back To'g'ri javob: D) back✔ 29. She enjoys ___ with numbers. A) worked B) to work C) work D) working To'g'ri javob: D) working ✔ 30. The fraud ___ if the bank had used better software. A) would detect B) would have been detected C) would have detected D) had been detected To'g'ri javob: B) would have been detected ✔ 31. Choose the correct particle: «The company decided to pull ... of the Russian market.» (= withdraw) A) off B) out C) away D) back To'g'ri javob: B) out ✔ 32. Which phrase is used to state a deadline politely but firmly? A) No rush, any time this year. B) Pay us whenever you remember. C) We would appreciate receiving payment no later than 30 June. D) Whenever you like is fine. To'g'ri javob: C) We would appreciate receiving payment no later than 30 June. ✔ 33. He keeps ___ the same mistakes in his reports. A) made B) make C) making D) to make To'g'ri javob: C) making ✔ 34. She managed ___ the deal despite the difficulties. A) closed B) close C) closing D) to close To'g'ri javob: D) to close ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 34 35. Choose the correct particle: «The bank had to write ... $2 billion of bad loans.» (= cancel as a loss) A) in B) out C) off D) up To'g'ri javob: C) off✔ 36. Choose the correct phrasal verb: «We still need to ... a few problems with the software before launch.» (= resolve minor difficulties) A) iron off B) iron on C) iron in D) iron out To'g'ri javob: D) iron out ✔ 37. Choose the correct particle: «We are expanding, so we plan to take ... 20 new staff this year.» (= employ) A) up B) on C) in D) over To'g'ri javob: B) on ✔ 38. Choose the correct particle: «The government brought ... new rules to protect bank customers.» (= introduced) A) about for B) over C) in D) off To'g'ri javob: C) in ✔ 39. The company is planning ___ 200 new employees. A) recruited B) to recruit C) recruit D) recruiting To'g'ri javob: B) to recruit ✔ 40. Choose the correct phrasal verb: «The meeting has been ... until next Thursday because the director is ill.» (= postponed) A) put across B) put out C) put off D) put up To'g'ri javob: C) put off ✔ 41. I remember ___ the contract, but I can't find it now. A) signing B) sign C) to sign D) signed To'g'ri javob: A) signing ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 35 42. When a secretary signs a letter on behalf of a manager, the abbreviation placed before the manager's name is ... A) P.S. B) N.B. C) p.p. D) RSVP To'g'ri javob: C) p.p.✔ 43. All transactions ___ automatically since the software update. A) have recorded B) have been recorded C) had recorded D) are recording To'g'ri javob: B) have been recorded ✔ 44. Choose the correct particle: «Before investing, you should weigh ... the risks and the potential returns.» (= consider carefully) A) in B) over C) down D) up To'g'ri javob: D) up ✔ 45. The shipment ___ by customs for two days now. A) has held B) is held C) was held D) has been held To'g'ri javob: D) has been held ✔ 46. The goods should have ___ last week. A) delivered B) been delivered C) being delivered D) be delivered To'g'ri javob: B) been delivered ✔ 47. The company has stopped ___ paper invoices; everything is electronic now. A) issue B) issued C) to issue D) issuing To'g'ri javob: D) issuing ✔ 48. These figures ___ by the time you arrive. A) will be calculating B) will have calculated C) will have been calculated D) are calculated To'g'ri javob: C) will have been calculated ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 36 49. The key interest rate ___ by 0.5 percentage points last month. A) was raised B) raised C) has been rose D) was risen To'g'ri javob: A) was raised✔ 50. We avoided ___ the issue in public. A) discuss B) discussing C) to discuss D) discussed To'g'ri javob: B) discussing ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 37 5-variant English • choose the correct answer 1. A contract that gives its holder the right, but not the obligation, to BUY an asset at a fixed price before or on a certain date is a ... A) swap B) put option C) forward contract D) call option To'g'ri javob: D) call option✔ 2. Choose the correct form: «The increase in fees was ... (JUSTIFY); customers were rightly angry.» A) justification B) unjustified C) justified D) justifying To'g'ri javob: B) unjustified ✔ 3. Choose the correct form: «The bank must remain ... (COMPETE) in a crowded market.» A) competitor B) competition C) competing D) competitive To'g'ri javob: D) competitive ✔ 4. Prices ___ up at the moment because of high demand. A) went B) go C) are going D) have gone To'g'ri javob: C) are going ✔ 5. Payments that are overdue and still unpaid are said to be in ... A) arrears B) reserve C) credit D) advance To'g'ri javob: A) arrears ✔ 6. Choose the correct form: «The court appointed a ... (LIQUID) to sell the bankrupt company's assets.» A) liquidise B) liquidity C) liquidator D) liquidation To'g'ri javob: C) liquidator ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 38 7. Choose the correct form: «The bank faces strict ... (REQUIRE) regarding capital and liquidity.» A) requirements B) requiring C) required D) requisite To'g'ri javob: A) requirements✔ 8. «I'll report you to the regulator if you don't stop,» he said to them. → He ___ to report them to the regulator. A) threatened B) insisted C) accused D) warned To'g'ri javob: A) threatened ✔ 9. «What time does the bank open?» he asked. → He wanted to know what time the bank ___. A) does open B) had opened C) opened D) did open To'g'ri javob: C) opened ✔ 10. Money owed TO a company by its customers for goods or services already delivered is recorded as ... A) accounts receivable B) accrued expenses C) retained earnings D) accounts payable To'g'ri javob: A) accounts receivable ✔ 11. The first sale of a private company's shares to the general public is known as a(n) ... A) share buyback B) rights issue C) stock split D) initial public offering To'g'ri javob: D) initial public offering ✔ 12. Choose the correct form: «The firm was declared ... (SOLVENT) and its assets were sold.» A) solvency B) unsolved C) solvently D) insolvent To'g'ri javob: D) insolvent ✔ 13. Last month's sales figures ___ much better than we expected. A) have been B) are C) will be D) were To'g'ri javob: D) were ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 39 14. «You should diversify your investments,» the adviser said to me. → The adviser ___ me to diversify my investments. A) advised B) suggested C) explained D) said To'g'ri javob: A) advised✔ 15. We ___ the contract yet, so the terms can still change. A) don't sign B) hadn't signed C) aren't signing D) haven't signed To'g'ri javob: D) haven't signed ✔ 16. An instruction from an account holder to the bank to pay a FIXED amount to a named recipient at regular intervals is a ... A) direct debit B) standing order C) bank draft D) traveller's cheque To'g'ri javob: B) standing order ✔ 17. Next year, Ms Rashidova ___ at the bank for twenty years. A) has worked B) will have worked C) will work D) works To'g'ri javob: B) will have worked ✔ 18. «I'll have the report ready by Monday,» she said. → She said she ___ the report ready by Monday. A) would have B) had have C) will had D) has To'g'ri javob: A) would have ✔ 19. «We'll lower the price if you order 1,000 units,» the supplier said. → The supplier agreed ___ the price on condition that we ordered 1,000 units. A) lowering B) for lowering C) to lower D) lower To'g'ri javob: C) to lower ✔ 20. A contract that gives its holder the right, but not the obligation, to SELL an asset at a fixed price is a ... A) warrant B) put option C) call option D) futures contract To'g'ri javob: B) put option ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 40 21. It's the third time this month that the payment system ___ down. A) is going B) has gone C) goes D) went To'g'ri javob: B) has gone✔ 22. Choose the correct form: «The decision to close the plant is ... (REVERSE); it cannot be changed.» A) irreversible B) disreversible C) inreversible D) unreversible To'g'ri javob: A) irreversible ✔ 23. «It was me who made the error,» she said. → She ___ making the error. A) refused B) promised C) denied D) admitted To'g'ri javob: D) admitted ✔ 24. Choose the correct form: «Please make sure the figures on the form are clearly ... (READ).» A) readership B) reading C) readable D) reader To'g'ri javob: C) readable ✔ 25. On a balance sheet, «shareholders' equity» is equal to ... A) current assets minus current liabilities B) revenue minus cost of goods sold C) total assets plus total liabilities D) total assets minus total liabilities To'g'ri javob: D) total assets minus total liabilities ✔ 26. «You must submit the declaration by March,» the accountant said. → The accountant said that we ___ submit the declaration by March. A) had to B) should have C) must have D) would have To'g'ri javob: A) had to ✔ 27. Choose the correct form: «Customers expect a fast and ... (RESPOND) service from their bank.» A) response B) responsive C) responsible D) respondent To'g'ri javob: B) responsive ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 41 28. Selling borrowed shares in the expectation of buying them back later at a lower price is known as ... A) short selling B) profit taking C) dollar-cost averaging D) going long To'g'ri javob: A) short selling✔ 29. A standardised contract to buy or sell an asset at a set price on a future date, traded on an organised exchange, is a ... A) letter of credit B) forward contract C) promissory note D) futures contract To'g'ri javob: D) futures contract ✔ 30. Choose the correct form: «The new ... (REGULATE) framework requires banks to hold more capital.» A) regulation B) regulator C) regulated D) regulatory To'g'ri javob: D) regulatory ✔ 31. Which sentence is grammatically correct (present perfect with «since»)? A) I worked here since 2019. B) I am working here since 2019. C) I work here since 2019. D) I have worked here since 2019. To'g'ri javob: D) I have worked here since 2019. ✔ 32. «I have been waiting for an hour,» the client complained. → The client complained that he ___ for an hour. A) had been waiting B) has waited C) would wait D) was waited To'g'ri javob: A) had been waiting ✔ 33. «I work for a bank,» he told me yesterday. → He told me he ___ for a bank. A) had been worked B) worked C) has worked D) was work To'g'ri javob: B) worked ✔ 34. Choose the correct form: «Foreign ... (INVEST) in the country rose by 12% last year.» A) investment B) investor C) invested D) investing To'g'ri javob: A) investment ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 42 35. When I joined the company in 2018, it ___ for only two years. A) was operated B) had been operating C) has been operating D) operates To'g'ri javob: B) had been operating✔ 36. In reported speech, the word «here» usually changes to: A) then B) there C) that D) those To'g'ri javob: B) there ✔ 37. Choose the correct form: «Many people find the new tax rules ... (CONFUSE).» A) confusing B) confused C) confusedly D) confusion To'g'ri javob: A) confusing ✔ 38. The «coupon» of a bond is ... A) the periodic interest payment made to the bondholder B) the fee charged by the underwriter C) the price at which the bond trades on the market D) the date on which the principal is repaid To'g'ri javob: A) the periodic interest payment made to the bondholder ✔ 39. The CFO told us she ___ the budget before the meeting started. A) approves B) had approved C) has approved D) is approving To'g'ri javob: B) had approved ✔ 40. This portfolio of bonds ___ to a large pension fund. A) has been belonging B) belongs C) is belonging D) is belonged To'g'ri javob: B) belongs ✔ 41. The economy ___ a period of rapid growth when the pandemic began. A) is experiencing B) experiences C) was experiencing D) has experienced To'g'ri javob: C) was experiencing ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 43 42. Choose the correct form: «Many analysts believe that the shares are ... (VALUE) and will rise in price.» (= valued too low) A) undervalued B) overvalued C) devalued D) valueless To'g'ri javob: A) undervalued✔ 43. «Don't forget to back up the data,» the IT manager said to us. → The IT manager reminded us ___ the data. A) that back up B) backing up C) back up D) to back up To'g'ri javob: D) to back up ✔ 44. «Have you finished the report?» my boss asked. → My boss asked me ___ the report. A) whether I had finished B) whether I have been finished C) had I finished D) have I finished To'g'ri javob: A) whether I had finished ✔ 45. Last year the firm ___ its headquarters to Tashkent City. A) moved B) had moved C) has moved D) has been moving To'g'ri javob: A) moved ✔ 46. A bank's «net interest margin» is best described as ... A) the difference between interest earned on assets and interest paid on liabilities, relative to earning assets B) the total value of its non-performing loans C) the interest rate set by the central bank D) the fee it charges for currency exchange To'g'ri javob: A) the difference between interest earned on assets and interest paid on liabilities, ✔ relative to earning assets 47. When we ___ the deal, we celebrated in a restaurant. A) have closed B) close C) had closed D) are closing To'g'ri javob: C) had closed ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 44 48. «I'm leaving the company next month,» Dilnoza said two months ago. → Dilnoza said she was leaving the company ___. A) this month B) next month C) last month D) the following month To'g'ri javob: D) the following month✔ 49. The detailed investigation of a company's finances and legal position carried out before an acquisition or investment is called ... A) asset stripping B) insider dealing C) window dressing D) due diligence To'g'ri javob: D) due diligence ✔ 50. The difference between the price at which a dealer is willing to buy a security and the price at which it is willing to sell it is the ... A) yield curve B) haircut C) bid-ask spread D) premium To'g'ri javob: C) bid-ask spread ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 45 6-variant English • choose the correct answer 1. A sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy is called ... A) deflation B) depreciation C) inflation D) devaluation To'g'ri javob: C) inflation✔ 2. The news about the merger ___ surprising. A) have been B) are C) were D) was To'g'ri javob: D) was ✔ 3. I bought ___ shares in that company last year. A) much B) some C) any D) a To'g'ri javob: B) some ✔ 4. The project ___ have been finished on time if the supplier had delivered the parts. A) can B) must C) shall D) could To'g'ri javob: D) could ✔ 5. It ___ rain this afternoon, so take an umbrella to the client visit. A) may B) must C) ought D) needs To'g'ri javob: A) may ✔ 6. The reduction in average cost per unit that a firm enjoys as it increases its scale of production is called ... A) diminishing returns B) the multiplier effect C) economies of scale D) diseconomies of scale To'g'ri javob: C) economies of scale ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 46 7. Choose the correct preposition: «Our company has applied ... a loan of $500,000.» A) to B) for C) at D) on To'g'ri javob: B) for✔ 8. Choose the correct preposition: «The bank lends ... an interest rate of 18% per year.» A) on B) with C) at D) by To'g'ri javob: C) at ✔ 9. He has a reputation for being ___ honest accountant. A) the B) an C) a D) (no article) To'g'ri javob: B) an ✔ 10. If commercial banks must hold 20% of deposits as reserves, the simple money multiplier is ... A) 5 B) 0.2 C) 2 D) 20 To'g'ri javob: A) 5 ✔ 11. Money that has no intrinsic value and is accepted because the government declares it to be legal tender is called ... money. A) commodity B) near C) fiat D) representative To'g'ri javob: C) fiat ✔ 12. Which sentence is correct (modal «need»)? A) You don't need bring your passport. B) You needn't to bring your passport. C) You needn't bring your passport. D) You mustn't to bring your passport. To'g'ri javob: C) You needn't bring your passport. ✔ 13. Choose the correct preposition: «The board consists ... seven directors, three of whom are independent.» A) of B) with C) from D) in To'g'ri javob: A) of ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 47 14. Unemployment is ___ problem in many developing countries. A) serious B) a serious C) an serious D) the serious To'g'ri javob: B) a serious✔ 15. Cars and petrol, where a rise in the price of one tends to reduce demand for the other, are examples of ... A) substitute goods B) Giffen goods C) luxury goods D) complementary goods To'g'ri javob: D) complementary goods ✔ 16. You ___ use your company card for personal purchases. A) are not needed to B) needn't C) don't have to D) are not supposed to To'g'ri javob: D) are not supposed to ✔ 17. There were ___ people at the shareholders' meeting that we ran out of chairs. A) so many B) so much C) such many D) such a lot To'g'ri javob: A) so many ✔ 18. Choose the correct preposition: «The company reported an increase ... 8% in net profit.» (the amount of the increase) A) of B) in C) to D) by To'g'ri javob: A) of ✔ 19. Choose the correct preposition: «Inflation rose ... 6.5% in March, its highest level for a decade.» (the final level) A) with B) to C) for D) by To'g'ri javob: B) to ✔ 20. You ___ have paid in cash — a bank transfer would have been safer. A) can't B) couldn't C) mustn't D) shouldn't To'g'ri javob: D) shouldn't ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 48 21. Unemployment caused by a mismatch between workers' skills and the skills demanded, for example after the decline of an industry, is ... unemployment. A) seasonal B) structural C) frictional D) voluntary To'g'ri javob: B) structural✔ 22. Choose the correct preposition: «The accounts were prepared in accordance ... international standards.» A) to B) of C) with D) by To'g'ri javob: C) with ✔ 23. Our accounting department is on ___ fifth floor. A) a B) (no article) C) the D) an To'g'ri javob: C) the ✔ 24. I'd love to join you, but I ___ finish this report tonight. A) mustn't B) could C) needn't D) have to To'g'ri javob: D) have to ✔ 25. A formal agreement among competing firms to fix prices or limit output, such as OPEC, is a ... A) subsidiary B) joint venture C) cartel D) holding company To'g'ri javob: C) cartel ✔ 26. A market structure in which a single firm supplies the entire market is a ... A) monopoly B) oligopoly C) monopsony D) duopoly To'g'ri javob: A) monopoly ✔ 27. A complete ban on trade with a particular country is called a(n) ... A) quota B) embargo C) tariff D) dumping To'g'ri javob: B) embargo ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 49 28. ___ euro was introduced as an accounting currency in 1999. A) The B) (no article) C) A D) An To'g'ri javob: A) The✔ 29. Under anti-money laundering rules, banks ___ verify the identity of new customers. A) are required to B) require C) are requiring D) required To'g'ri javob: A) are required to ✔ 30. ___ investors understood the risks, which is why so many lost money. A) Little B) A little C) A few D) Few To'g'ri javob: D) Few ✔ 31. The company made ___ profit last year. A) the large B) large C) many large D) a large To'g'ri javob: D) a large ✔ 32. She was appointed ___ chief executive of the company in 2021. A) an B) one C) (no article) D) a To'g'ri javob: C) (no article) ✔ 33. Choose the correct preposition: «Small firms often lack access ... affordable credit.» A) to B) for C) of D) at To'g'ri javob: A) to ✔ 34. The basic economic problem that human wants are unlimited while resources are limited is known as ... A) inflation B) equilibrium C) elasticity D) scarcity To'g'ri javob: D) scarcity ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 50 35. Choose the correct preposition: «Low labour costs give the company an advantage ... its rivals.» A) above of B) over C) on D) from To'g'ri javob: B) over✔ 36. Extremely rapid and out-of-control inflation, such as prices doubling every few weeks, is called ... A) hyperinflation B) creeping inflation C) core inflation D) cost-push inflation To'g'ri javob: A) hyperinflation ✔ 37. She ___ have approved the loan; she was on holiday that week. A) should B) must C) would D) can't To'g'ri javob: D) can't ✔ 38. Choose the correct preposition: «The firm specialises ... providing loans to farmers.» A) on B) at C) for D) in To'g'ri javob: D) in ✔ 39. He ___ have read my email, because he replied to it in detail. A) must B) needn't C) might not D) can't To'g'ri javob: A) must ✔ 40. After hours of negotiation, the two companies ___ agree on a price. A) managed to B) could C) can D) must To'g'ri javob: A) managed to ✔ 41. A situation in which one party to a transaction has more or better information than the other, such as a seller of a used car, is called ... A) price discrimination B) market equilibrium C) perfect competition D) asymmetric information To'g'ri javob: D) asymmetric information ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 51 42. Choose the correct preposition: «The new tariffs apply ... effect from 1 January.» A) on B) in C) by D) with To'g'ri javob: D) with✔ 43. Only ___ customers complained about the new fees, so it wasn't a serious problem. A) a little B) few C) little D) a few To'g'ri javob: D) a few ✔ 44. There ___ be a mistake in the calculation — the total is twice what we expected. A) must B) needn't C) mustn't D) daren't To'g'ri javob: A) must ✔ 45. We received ___ applications for the job. A) much B) a large number of C) a great deal of D) a large amount of To'g'ri javob: B) a large number of ✔ 46. Interest rates ___ rise next month, but nobody is sure. A) need B) might C) have to D) must To'g'ri javob: B) might ✔ 47. Choose the correct preposition: «Bonuses are paid ... the basis of individual performance.» A) at B) in C) by D) on To'g'ri javob: D) on ✔ 48. A market dominated by a small number of large firms, such as the market for commercial aircraft, is called a(n) ... A) monopsony B) monopolistic competition C) oligopoly D) perfect competition To'g'ri javob: C) oligopoly ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 52 49. I don't have ___ questions about the contract. A) none B) no C) any D) some To'g'ri javob: C) any✔ 50. Choose the correct preposition: «Banks are reluctant to lend ... small businesses without collateral.» A) for B) from C) at D) to To'g'ri javob: D) to ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 53 7-variant English • choose the correct answer 1. The company cut its costs; ___, its profits rose. A) nevertheless B) however C) as a result D) in contrast To'g'ri javob: C) as a result✔ 2. You can withdraw cash at any branch ___ you have your card with you. A) in case B) as long as C) otherwise D) unless To'g'ri javob: B) as long as ✔ 3. The firm invested heavily in IT ___ remain competitive. A) for B) so that C) in order that D) so as to To'g'ri javob: D) so as to ✔ 4. Read the text and answer the question. Anti-money-laundering rules require banks to verify the identity of their customers and to report suspicious transactions. Typical warning signs include large cash deposits that do not match a customer's known income, or frequent transfers to high-risk jurisdictions. Banks that fail to comply can face heavy fines and serious damage to their reputation. Which of the following is given in the text as a warning sign of money laundering? A) Large cash deposits inconsistent with the customer's known income B) Regular salary payments into an account C) Paying utility bills by direct debit D) Opening a savings account for a child To'g'ri javob: A) Large cash deposits inconsistent with the customer's known income ✔ 5. Read the text and answer the question. Central banks raise interest rates when inflation is above target. Higher rates make borrowing more expensive for households and firms. As a result, spending and investment slow down, which reduces pressure on prices. However, the full effect of a rate change on inflation is usually felt only after a delay of one to two years. What does the text say about the timing of the effect of interest rate changes? A) It disappears after one year B) It cannot be predicted at all C) It is felt immediately D) It is felt only after a considerable delay To'g'ri javob: D) It is felt only after a considerable delay ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 54 6. Read the text and answer the question. Fintech companies have changed the way people make payments. Mobile wallets allow customers to pay with a smartphone, and money can be transferred between accounts within seconds. Traditional banks have responded by investing heavily in their own digital services. Some banks have also chosen to partner with fintech start-ups rather than compete with them. What is the main topic of the text? A) The risks of investing in start-ups B) Government regulation of payment systems C) The impact of fintech on payments and banks' response D) The history of paper money To'g'ri javob: C) The impact of fintech on payments and banks' response✔ 7. If the euro ___ against the dollar, European exports become cheaper. A) weakened B) would weaken C) will weaken D) weakens To'g'ri javob: D) weakens ✔ 8. If the price ___ lower, more customers would buy our product. A) is B) will be C) has been D) were To'g'ri javob: D) were ✔ 9. Choose the correct word: «The subsidiary has been ... at a loss for three consecutive years.» A) running B) moving C) going D) walking To'g'ri javob: A) running ✔ 10. What ___ if the bank refuses our application? A) we will do B) did we do C) will we do D) would we have done To'g'ri javob: C) will we do ✔ 11. Choose the correct word: «Investors are worried that the company may ... on its bond payments.» A) lapse B) miss out C) default D) fail To'g'ri javob: C) default ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 55 12. Choose the correct word: «Our new strategy should help us ... a competitive advantage over rival banks.» A) gain B) earn up C) achieve to D) win over To'g'ri javob: A) gain✔ 13. In case the system ___ down, we keep paper copies of all transactions. A) goes B) went C) would go D) will go To'g'ri javob: A) goes ✔ 14. Choose the correct word: «The department ... a meeting every Monday morning to review progress.» A) carries B) performs C) holds D) bears To'g'ri javob: C) holds ✔ 15. Choose the correct word: «As a goodwill gesture, the bank agreed to ... the late-payment fee.» A) waive B) weave C) wave D) wove To'g'ri javob: A) waive ✔ 16. Read the text and answer the question. Exchange rate movements affect exporters and importers differently. When the national currency depreciates, the country's goods become cheaper for foreign buyers, which can boost exports. At the same time, imported goods and raw materials become more expensive. Firms that export but also depend on imported components may therefore see mixed effects. According to the text, what happens to imports when the national currency depreciates? A) Their prices do not change B) They are banned C) They become cheaper D) They become more expensive To'g'ri javob: D) They become more expensive ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 56 17. Read the text and answer the question. Dollarisation occurs when residents of a country widely use a foreign currency, typically the US dollar, instead of or alongside the national currency. It often develops after periods of high inflation, when people lose confidence in their own money. Although it can bring price stability, high dollarisation limits the central bank's ability to influence the economy through monetary policy. According to the text, when does dollarisation often develop? A) After the national currency appreciates strongly B) When exports to the USA increase C) When interest rates are very low D) After periods of high inflation that reduce confidence in the national currency To'g'ri javob: D) After periods of high inflation that reduce confidence in the national currency✔ 18. Read the text and answer the question. Remittances, money sent home by migrants working abroad, are an important source of income for many developing countries. They help families pay for food, education and healthcare. Unlike foreign direct investment, remittances tend to remain stable or even increase during economic crises in the receiving country. However, high transfer fees reduce the amount that actually reaches families. What problem related to remittances does the text mention? A) High transfer fees reduce the money families receive B) Migrants send too little money C) Families spend remittances unwisely D) Remittances cause inflation To'g'ri javob: A) High transfer fees reduce the money families receive ✔ 19. Read the text and answer the question. Venture capital firms invest in young, high-risk companies with strong growth potential. In exchange for their money, they usually receive an equity stake and often a seat on the board. Most of the companies they fund fail, but a small number of very successful investments can generate returns large enough to compensate for the losses. What do venture capital firms usually receive in exchange for their investment? A) Ownership of the company's buildings B) A government guarantee C) An equity stake and often a board seat D) A fixed monthly interest payment To'g'ri javob: C) An equity stake and often a board seat ✔ 20. If he ___ to the warning last year, he wouldn't be in trouble now. A) would listen B) has listened C) listens D) had listened To'g'ri javob: D) had listened ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 57 21. I've lost the file ___ contained the budget figures. A) what B) whose C) who D) that To'g'ri javob: D) that✔ 22. I wish you ___ interrupting me during meetings. A) will stop B) would stop C) have stopped D) stop To'g'ri javob: B) would stop ✔ 23. Read the text and answer the question. Corporate governance refers to the system by which companies are directed and controlled. Good governance includes an independent board of directors, transparent financial reporting and protection of minority shareholders' rights. Studies suggest that firms with strong governance tend to find it easier and cheaper to raise capital, because investors trust them more. Which of the following is listed in the text as an element of good governance? A) Transparent financial reporting B) A board controlled entirely by the CEO C) Keeping financial results confidential D) Paying high salaries to directors To'g'ri javob: A) Transparent financial reporting ✔ 24. ___ the economy recovers, unemployment will remain high. A) Because of B) Despite C) Whereas D) Until To'g'ri javob: D) Until ✔ 25. Choose the correct adjective: «There is ... competition among mobile operators for new subscribers.» A) violent B) loud C) angry D) fierce To'g'ri javob: D) fierce ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 58 26. Read the text and answer the question. Leasing allows a company to use equipment without buying it outright. The firm makes regular payments to the leasing company for the right to use the asset. This preserves cash and can be attractive for businesses that need expensive machinery but lack the capital to purchase it. At the end of an operating lease, the asset is usually returned to the lessor. What is the main advantage of leasing mentioned in the text? A) It makes the firm the legal owner of the equipment immediately B) It removes the need for any regular payments C) It guarantees the equipment will never break down D) It allows a firm to use equipment while preserving its cash To'g'ri javob: D) It allows a firm to use equipment while preserving its cash✔ 27. Read the text and answer the question. Cash flow and profit are not the same thing. A company can report a profit on its income statement while running out of cash, for instance if customers take a long time to pay. This is why many small businesses that appear profitable still fail. Managers therefore monitor cash flow forecasts as closely as profit figures. What example does the text give of how a profitable firm can run out of cash? A) Customers take a long time to pay B) The firm's prices are too low C) The firm pays too much tax D) The firm buys too much equipment To'g'ri javob: A) Customers take a long time to pay ✔ 28. ___ we had analysed the data, we presented our findings to the board. A) Whereas B) After C) Despite D) Unless To'g'ri javob: B) After ✔ 29. Choose the correct word: «This savings account ... interest at a rate of 4% per year.» A) deserves B) wins C) earns D) merits To'g'ri javob: C) earns ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 59 30. Read the text and answer the question. Diversification is often described as the only free lunch in investing. By holding assets whose prices do not move in exactly the same way, an investor can reduce the overall volatility of a portfolio without necessarily reducing its expected return. However, diversification cannot eliminate market risk, which affects all assets at the same time, for example during a global recession. Which type of risk, according to the text, CANNOT be removed by diversification? A) Market risk that affects all assets together B) The risk specific to a single company C) The risk of low expected returns D) The risk of holding too many assets To'g'ri javob: A) Market risk that affects all assets together✔ 31. This is the office ___ I worked for five years. A) that B) where C) who D) which To'g'ri javob: B) where ✔ 32. The woman to ___ I spoke was very helpful. A) who B) that C) which D) whom To'g'ri javob: D) whom ✔ 33. Choose the correct word: «The auditors expressed doubt as to whether the company was still a ... concern.» A) living B) moving C) going D) running To'g'ri javob: C) going ✔ 34. Sales fell in Q1; ___, profits increased thanks to lower costs. A) moreover B) consequently C) nevertheless D) therefore To'g'ri javob: C) nevertheless ✔ 35. Choose the correct adjective: «The bank reported ... losses on its property loans after the crisis.» A) weighty B) heavy C) thick D) strong To'g'ri javob: B) heavy ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 60 36. The meeting ___ we had planned for Monday was cancelled. A) what B) that C) when D) where To'g'ri javob: B) that✔ 37. Choose the correct word: «The board will ... a final decision on the merger next week.» A) do B) make C) put D) give To'g'ri javob: B) make ✔ 38. The flight to the conference was cancelled ___ bad weather. A) as B) since C) due to D) because To'g'ri javob: C) due to ✔ 39. The shares rose by 30% in one day, ___ surprised everyone. A) which B) it C) what D) that To'g'ri javob: A) which ✔ 40. If I ___ about the meeting, I would have attended it. A) knew B) have known C) had known D) would know To'g'ri javob: C) had known ✔ 41. 2008 was the year ___ the global financial crisis began. A) what B) where C) which D) when To'g'ri javob: D) when ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 61 42. Read the text and answer the question. Currency boards are a strict form of fixed exchange rate system. Under a currency board, the domestic currency is fully backed by foreign reserves at a fixed rate, and the central bank cannot freely print money. This can bring credibility and low inflation, but it also means the country gives up an independent monetary policy. What is the main disadvantage of a currency board mentioned in the text? A) The loss of an independent monetary policy B) Very high inflation C) Frequent changes in the exchange rate D) Lack of foreign reserves To'g'ri javob: A) The loss of an independent monetary policy✔ 43. If the bank had not lent so much money in 2007, it ___ in such difficulty now. A) won't be B) isn't C) wouldn't have been D) wouldn't be To'g'ri javob: D) wouldn't be ✔ 44. I'll lend you the money ___ you pay it back by the end of the month. A) in case B) otherwise C) provided D) unless To'g'ri javob: C) provided ✔ 45. If it hadn't been for your help, we ___ the deadline. A) would have missed B) had missed C) would miss D) will miss To'g'ri javob: A) would have missed ✔ 46. We'll need to hire more staff ___ we can meet the deadline. A) so that B) in case of C) in order to D) so as to To'g'ri javob: A) so that ✔ 47. Choose the correct word: «It has been a pleasure to ... business with your company.» A) play B) have C) make D) do To'g'ri javob: D) do ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 62 48. Choose the correct word: «The supplier ... the contract by repeatedly delivering goods late.» A) burst B) split C) cracked D) breached To'g'ri javob: D) breached✔ 49. Choose the correct adjective: «The economy has shown ... growth of around 3% a year for a decade.» A) still B) steady C) quiet D) stiff To'g'ri javob: B) steady ✔ 50. If we ___ more time, we could have checked every figure. A) had had B) had C) have had D) would have To'g'ri javob: A) had had ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 63 8-variant English • choose the correct answer 1. The new employees ___ around the office when the fire alarm went off. A) showed B) were being shown C) were showing D) had shown To'g'ri javob: B) were being shown✔ 2. The bank ___ $2 million by the regulator for breaking the rules. A) fined B) has fined C) was fining D) was fined To'g'ri javob: D) was fined ✔ 3. All the applicants ___ an aptitude test before the interview. A) have given B) were given C) were giving D) gave To'g'ri javob: B) were given ✔ 4. Which word is the formal equivalent of «help» in «We will be happy to help you»? A) supply B) insure C) assist D) assure To'g'ri javob: C) assist ✔ 5. Choose the correct particle: «The outgoing manager will hand ... responsibility for the project to her deputy on Monday.» (= transfer) A) in B) over C) down D) out To'g'ri javob: B) over ✔ 6. Change to passive: «Someone has stolen the client's data.» A) The client's data had been stealing. B) The client's data has stolen. C) The client's data was being stolen. D) The client's data has been stolen. To'g'ri javob: D) The client's data has been stolen. ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 64 7. Which verb CANNOT be used in the passive voice? A) pay B) sign C) happen D) approve To'g'ri javob: C) happen✔ 8. The new software enables users ___ payments instantly. A) made B) to make C) making D) make To'g'ri javob: B) to make ✔ 9. Choose the correct particle: «I'll follow ... our meeting with an email summarising the action points.» A) through B) in C) up D) on To'g'ri javob: C) up ✔ 10. On the way to the meeting, he stopped ___ a coffee, which is why he was late. A) buying B) buy C) bought D) to buy To'g'ri javob: D) to buy ✔ 11. The supplier failed ___ the goods on time. A) deliver B) delivering C) delivered D) to deliver To'g'ri javob: D) to deliver ✔ 12. The final decision ___ until all the facts are known. A) won't make B) isn't making C) won't be made D) hasn't made To'g'ri javob: C) won't be made ✔ 13. In an email, the abbreviation «Encl.» indicates that ... A) the message is confidential B) the email is copied to other people C) the sender expects a quick reply D) a document is enclosed with the letter To'g'ri javob: D) a document is enclosed with the letter ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 65 14. Which phrase is used to offer further help at the end of a formal email? A) Please don't bother me with any more questions about this matter. B) Ask me if there is something, ok, I will answer you maybe. C) If you have any further questions, please do not hesitate to contact me. D) Further questions are not welcome, as everything is clear now. To'g'ri javob: C) If you have any further questions, please do not hesitate to contact me.✔ 15. In a presentation, which phrase is used to summarise the main points at the end? A) Let me start by ... B) First of all, ... C) Turning now to ... D) To sum up, ... To'g'ri javob: D) To sum up, ... ✔ 16. Choose the correct particle: «Many small shops went ... during the recession.» (= went bankrupt) A) off B) under C) over D) by To'g'ri javob: B) under ✔ 17. Choose the correct particle: «He ran ... huge debts on his credit cards.» (= accumulated) A) over B) out C) up D) off To'g'ri javob: C) up ✔ 18. Choose the correct particle: «She set ... her own consulting firm after leaving the bank.» (= establish) A) in B) up C) down D) off To'g'ri javob: B) up ✔ 19. Which of the following is the most polite request? A) I want the report today. B) You must send me the report. C) Could you possibly send me the report by Friday? D) Send me the report now. To'g'ri javob: C) Could you possibly send me the report by Friday? ✔ 20. Choose the correct particle: «Before taking a loan, it is wise to shop ... for the best interest rate.» (= compare offers from different sellers) A) through B) about for C) around D) over To'g'ri javob: C) around ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 66 21. By the time the inspector arrived, the documents ___. A) had destroyed B) had been destroyed C) have been destroyed D) were destroying To'g'ri javob: B) had been destroyed✔ 22. Choose the correct particle: «The shop agreed to knock ... 10% because the item was slightly damaged.» (= reduce the price by) A) out B) down to C) over D) off To'g'ri javob: D) off ✔ 23. Choose the correct particle: «The airline's annual meeting was brought ... from June to May.» (= moved to an earlier date) A) up to B) about C) forward D) back To'g'ri javob: C) forward ✔ 24. The documents ___ to have been lost during the office move. A) are believed B) have believed C) believe D) are believing To'g'ri javob: A) are believed ✔ 25. I look forward ___ from you. A) to hear B) for hearing C) to hearing D) hearing To'g'ri javob: C) to hearing ✔ 26. Choose the correct particle: «The tax office is cracking ... on companies that pay their staff in cash.» (= dealing more strictly with) A) up B) on C) out D) down To'g'ri javob: D) down ✔ 27. There's no point in ___ the report if nobody reads it. A) writing B) write C) written D) to write To'g'ri javob: A) writing ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 67 28. We regret ___ you that your application has been rejected. A) to inform B) informed C) informing D) inform To'g'ri javob: A) to inform✔ 29. Payment ___ within 30 days of the invoice date. A) must be making B) must make C) must made D) must be made To'g'ri javob: D) must be made ✔ 30. Which phrase is the most appropriate formal alternative to «Tell me if you need anything else»? A) Please let me know if you require any further assistance. B) Need anything, just shout. C) Text me if something. D) Ask anytime, mate. To'g'ri javob: A) Please let me know if you require any further assistance. ✔ 31. Choose the correct particle: «When preparing the budget, remember to factor ... inflation.» (= include in calculations) A) up B) in C) on D) off To'g'ri javob: B) in ✔ 32. The abbreviation «FYI» at the start of an email means ... A) For your interest only B) Final year income C) Follow your instructions D) For your information To'g'ri javob: D) For your information ✔ 33. We are considering ___ into the Kazakh market. A) expanding B) to expand C) expand D) expanded To'g'ri javob: A) expanding ✔ 34. I'm thinking of ___ a business degree. A) do B) doing C) to do D) done To'g'ri javob: B) doing ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 68 35. Choose the correct particle: «The shipment was held ... at customs for three days.» (= delayed) A) off B) on C) up D) in To'g'ri javob: C) up✔ 36. Choose the correct particle: «It was impossible to get ... to the customer service line; it was always busy.» (= make contact by phone) A) across B) over C) through D) along To'g'ri javob: C) through ✔ 37. Choose the correct ending: «I look forward to ... from you.» A) hear B) be hearing C) hearing D) have heard To'g'ri javob: C) hearing ✔ 38. The bank is believed ___ millions in the deal last year. A) lost B) to lose C) losing D) to have lost To'g'ri javob: D) to have lost ✔ 39. I regret ___ those shares; they doubled in value soon afterwards. A) sold B) selling C) to sell D) sell To'g'ri javob: B) selling ✔ 40. We are committed to ___ excellent service. A) provided B) providing C) be provide D) provide To'g'ri javob: B) providing ✔ 41. The board meeting ___ until next Tuesday. A) is postponing B) has been postponed C) has postponed D) was postponing To'g'ri javob: B) has been postponed ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 69 42. Which phrase is used to express strong agreement in a meeting? A) I'm afraid I can't agree. B) I couldn't agree more. C) I couldn't agree less. D) I agree up to a point. To'g'ri javob: B) I couldn't agree more.✔ 43. Choose the correct phrasal verb: «The government had to ... several banks during the financial crisis.» (= rescue financially) A) bail out B) bail in C) bail up D) bail off To'g'ri javob: A) bail out ✔ 44. I'm sorry ___ you, but could you check this invoice? A) bothering B) bother C) bothered D) to bother To'g'ri javob: D) to bother ✔ 45. The report is to ___ by Friday. A) being submitted B) be submitted C) submit D) submitted To'g'ri javob: B) be submitted ✔ 46. The board agreed ___ the proposal. A) approved B) approving C) approve D) to approve To'g'ri javob: D) to approve ✔ 47. The abbreviation «i.e.» in a business document means ... A) and so on B) for example C) please note D) that is To'g'ri javob: D) that is ✔ 48. Which phrase would a chairperson most likely use to close a meeting? A) The first point on the agenda is ... B) Let's begin with item one. C) I think that covers everything. Thank you all for coming. D) Who would like to start? To'g'ri javob: C) I think that covers everything. Thank you all for coming. ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 70 49. The audit committee recommended ___ the accounting policy. A) changing B) change C) changed D) to change To'g'ri javob: A) changing✔ 50. A caller says: «Could you put me through to the credit department, please?» What does the caller want? A) To complain about the department B) To visit the department in person C) To be connected by phone to the department D) To send a document to the department To'g'ri javob: C) To be connected by phone to the department ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 71 9-variant English • choose the correct answer 1. Choose the correct reported statement. A) She told that she would call later. B) She said me that she would call later. C) She told to me that she would call later. D) She told me that she would call later. To'g'ri javob: D) She told me that she would call later.✔ 2. When the stock market crashed in 1929, many investors ___ heavily on borrowed money for years. A) have been speculating B) will speculate C) had been speculating D) speculate To'g'ri javob: C) had been speculating ✔ 3. She ___ in the risk department, but this month she is helping the compliance team. A) normally works B) had normally worked C) has normally worked D) is normally working To'g'ri javob: A) normally works ✔ 4. «The Earth goes round the Sun,» the lecturer said. → The lecturer said that the Earth ___ round the Sun. A) had gone B) was going C) goes D) has gone To'g'ri javob: C) goes ✔ 5. «The project was a failure,» the report said. → The report ___ that the project had been a failure. A) stated B) told C) spoke D) asked To'g'ri javob: A) stated ✔ 6. Choose the correct form: «The ... (ACQUIRE) of the smaller rival cost $300 million.» A) acquirer B) acquisition C) acquired D) acquisitive To'g'ri javob: B) acquisition ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 72 7. Choose the correct form: «The minister promised to ... (SIMPLE) the tax system for small businesses.» A) simplification B) simplify C) simply D) simplicity To'g'ri javob: B) simplify✔ 8. The portion of a company's profit distributed to its shareholders is called a ... A) commission B) premium C) coupon D) dividend To'g'ri javob: D) dividend ✔ 9. A loan that is NOT backed by any collateral is described as ... A) syndicated B) subordinated C) collateralised D) unsecured To'g'ri javob: D) unsecured ✔ 10. I'm sorry I'm late. ___ long? A) Do you wait B) Are you waiting C) Have you been waiting D) Had you waited To'g'ri javob: C) Have you been waiting ✔ 11. According to the timetable, the train to the conference ___ at 10:15. A) is left B) has left C) had left D) leaves To'g'ri javob: D) leaves ✔ 12. Failure by a borrower to make the required payments of interest or principal on a debt is called ... A) default B) arbitrage C) accrual D) dilution To'g'ri javob: A) default ✔ 13. Choose the correct form: «We need to ... (BROAD) our customer base to reduce risk.» A) broadly B) breadth C) broadcast D) broaden To'g'ri javob: D) broaden ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 73 14. «Please, please give me another chance,» he said to the manager. → He ___ the manager to give him another chance. A) said B) admitted C) begged D) suggested To'g'ri javob: C) begged✔ 15. A short-term debt instrument issued by a government with a maturity of one year or less is a ... A) municipal bond B) Treasury bond C) debenture D) Treasury bill To'g'ri javob: D) Treasury bill ✔ 16. «Let's invest in gold,» Akmal said. → Akmal suggested ___ in gold. A) to invest B) us to invest C) that we invest D) we investing To'g'ri javob: C) that we invest ✔ 17. The client ___ for you in reception since 10 o'clock. A) is waiting B) was waiting C) waits D) has been waiting To'g'ri javob: D) has been waiting ✔ 18. Choose the correct form: «The finance director is ... (RESPONSE) for preparing the annual budget.» A) responsive B) responding C) responsibility D) responsible To'g'ri javob: D) responsible ✔ 19. The CEO says: «Profits are rising.» → The CEO says that profits ___. A) are rising B) had been rising C) were rising D) had risen To'g'ri javob: A) are rising ✔ 20. Choose the correct form: «Customers who are ... (SATISFY) with the service can complain to the ombudsman.» A) satisfactory B) insatisfied C) unsatisfying D) dissatisfied To'g'ri javob: D) dissatisfied ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 74 21. «Where have you put the files?» she asked. → She asked me where ___ the files. A) I was put B) I had put C) did I put D) had I put To'g'ri javob: B) I had put✔ 22. A debt security issued by a national government in order to finance public spending is a ... A) junk bond B) sovereign bond C) corporate bond D) preference share To'g'ri javob: B) sovereign bond ✔ 23. Choose the correct form: «The government plans to ... (NATION) the railway and bring it under state ownership.» A) national B) nationality C) nationalise D) nationwide To'g'ri javob: C) nationalise ✔ 24. Choose the correct form: «The ... (ANALYSE) predict that interest rates will fall next year.» A) analysts B) analysis C) analytic D) analyses To'g'ri javob: A) analysts ✔ 25. Look at the screen — the share price ___ sharply right now. A) falls B) is falling C) has fallen D) fell To'g'ri javob: B) is falling ✔ 26. Shares of large, well-established and financially sound companies with a long record of stable earnings are called ... shares. A) bearer B) blue-chip C) penny D) growth To'g'ri javob: B) blue-chip ✔ 27. This time tomorrow we ___ over the Atlantic on our way to the investor roadshow. A) fly B) have flown C) will be flying D) will have flown To'g'ri javob: C) will be flying ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 75 28. Since the merger, the two banks ___ more than 500 jobs. A) cut B) have cut C) had cut D) are cutting To'g'ri javob: B) have cut✔ 29. Choose the correct form: «The central bank is worried about rising ... (INFLATE) pressures.» A) inflatable B) inflated C) inflationary D) inflation To'g'ri javob: C) inflationary ✔ 30. I'm afraid I ___ your name. Could you remind me? A) was forgetting B) have forgotten C) am forgetting D) had forgotten To'g'ri javob: B) have forgotten ✔ 31. «I'm afraid I can't attend,» he said. → He said he ___ attend. A) mustn't B) can C) couldn't D) wouldn't can To'g'ri javob: C) couldn't ✔ 32. «This product is the best on the market,» the salesman said. → The salesman ___ that the product was the best on the market. A) told B) offered C) asked D) claimed To'g'ri javob: D) claimed ✔ 33. While the analyst ___ the report, the system crashed. A) was finalising B) has finalised C) had been finalised D) finalises To'g'ri javob: A) was finalising ✔ 34. Interest rates ___ next month, most economists predict. A) will probably rise B) had probably risen C) probably rise D) have probably risen To'g'ri javob: A) will probably rise ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 76 35. Choose the correct form: «Unfortunately, the cost of the project was badly ... (ESTIMATE).» A) underestimated B) overestimation C) estimable D) estimation To'g'ri javob: A) underestimated✔ 36. An agreement between two parties to exchange streams of cash flows, for example fixed-rate for floating-rate interest payments, is called a ... A) swap B) rollover C) repo D) spread To'g'ri javob: A) swap ✔ 37. A financial contract whose value depends on the price of an underlying asset, such as a share, commodity or currency, is a(n) ... A) derivative B) annuity C) equity D) debenture To'g'ri javob: A) derivative ✔ 38. The international framework of standards on bank capital, leverage and liquidity developed by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision is generally known as ... A) the Basel Accords B) the Washington Consensus C) the Gold Standard D) the Bretton Woods system To'g'ri javob: A) the Basel Accords ✔ 39. «Do you accept credit cards?» the customer asked. → The customer asked ___ credit cards. A) do we accept B) that we accepted C) if we accepted D) did we accept To'g'ri javob: C) if we accepted ✔ 40. Choose the correct form: «The bank's strong ... (LIQUID) allowed it to survive the crisis.» A) liquidator B) liquidate C) liquidation D) liquidity To'g'ri javob: D) liquidity ✔ 41. The systematic allocation of the cost of a tangible fixed asset, such as machinery, over its useful life is called ... A) depreciation B) amortisation of goodwill C) appreciation D) revaluation To'g'ri javob: A) depreciation ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 77 42. A loan on which the borrower has stopped making scheduled payments for a specified period (often 90 days) is called a(n) ... loan. A) non-performing B) bridging C) syndicated D) revolving To'g'ri javob: A) non-performing✔ 43. «You should not invest in that company,» she said to me. → She warned me ___ in that company. A) to not investing B) against invest C) don't invest D) not to invest To'g'ri javob: D) not to invest ✔ 44. A bond with a face value of $1,000 pays an annual coupon of $40 and currently trades at $800. What is its current yield? A) 4% B) 8% C) 5% D) 3.2% To'g'ri javob: C) 5% ✔ 45. Choose the correct form: «The firm's ... (DEPEND) on a single supplier is a major risk.» A) dependence B) dependent C) independently D) dependable To'g'ri javob: A) dependence ✔ 46. Choose the correct form: «The new law aims to ... (STRONG) the independence of the central bank.» A) strength B) strengthening C) strengthen D) strongly To'g'ri javob: C) strengthen ✔ 47. Choose the correct form: «The bank grew ... (SIGNIFICANT) faster than its rivals last year.» A) significance B) signify C) significantly D) significant To'g'ri javob: C) significantly ✔ 48. He was tired because he ___ figures all day. A) is checking B) had been checking C) checks D) has been checking To'g'ri javob: B) had been checking ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 78 49. Choose the correct reported question. A) He asked me where I worked. B) He asked me where do I work. C) He asked me where did I work. D) He asked me where I work did. To'g'ri javob: A) He asked me where I worked.✔ 50. The process of pooling loans such as mortgages and selling them to investors in the form of tradable securities is called ... A) privatisation B) securitisation C) nationalisation D) consolidation To'g'ri javob: B) securitisation ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 79 10-variant English • choose the correct answer 1. ___ of the information was useful. A) A few B) Much C) Many D) Several To'g'ri javob: B) Much✔ 2. Choose the correct preposition: «The company sold the old warehouse ... a loss of $50,000.» A) with B) in C) at D) by To'g'ri javob: C) at ✔ 3. Choose the correct preposition: «Please read the instructions prior ... using the online banking service.» A) of B) before C) to D) than To'g'ri javob: C) to ✔ 4. Choose the correct preposition: «Who is going to pay ... the repairs?» A) for B) on C) to D) of To'g'ri javob: A) for ✔ 5. I've read ___ books on behavioural finance; I can recommend some. A) several B) much C) little D) a little To'g'ri javob: A) several ✔ 6. A central bank buying large quantities of government bonds and other assets to inject money into the economy when interest rates are already very low is called ... A) quantitative easing B) fiscal consolidation C) open-market sales D) austerity To'g'ri javob: A) quantitative easing ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 80 7. We need ___ information about the new tax rules. A) a B) many C) an D) some To'g'ri javob: D) some✔ 8. The figures ___ be correct — they don't add up. A) needn't B) can't C) don't have to D) mustn't To'g'ri javob: B) can't ✔ 9. This is ___ best offer we have received so far. A) a B) the C) an D) (no article) To'g'ri javob: B) the ✔ 10. There isn't ___ money left in the marketing budget. A) much B) a few C) few D) many To'g'ri javob: A) much ✔ 11. He ___ have been at the meeting in Bukhara; I saw him in Tashkent that day. A) must B) couldn't C) needn't D) should To'g'ri javob: B) couldn't ✔ 12. Our bank opened ___ new branch in Samarkand. ___ branch employs 30 people. A) a … The B) a … A C) the … A D) the … the To'g'ri javob: A) a … The ✔ 13. ___ New York Stock Exchange is the largest stock exchange in the world by market capitalisation. A) A B) The C) (no article) D) An To'g'ri javob: B) The ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 81 14. You ___ told me the deadline had changed! Now I've missed it. A) should have B) must have C) might D) can have To'g'ri javob: A) should have✔ 15. A legal minimum price set ABOVE the market equilibrium price, such as a minimum wage in some labour markets, tends to create ... A) a shortage B) a fall in supply C) excess demand D) a surplus To'g'ri javob: D) a surplus ✔ 16. ___ you mind sending me the updated spreadsheet? A) Would B) Must C) Should D) Shall To'g'ri javob: A) Would ✔ 17. Choose the correct preposition: «All branches must comply ... the new anti-money-laundering rules.» A) for B) by C) to D) with To'g'ri javob: D) with ✔ 18. You ___ to have informed the auditors earlier. A) had better B) were supposed C) should D) must To'g'ri javob: B) were supposed ✔ 19. Choose the correct preposition: «Transactions ... excess of $10,000 must be reported to the authorities.» A) in B) on C) by D) at To'g'ri javob: A) in ✔ 20. I go to ___ work by metro every day. A) an B) the C) a D) (no article) To'g'ri javob: D) (no article) ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 82 21. You ___ smoke in the bank's offices; it's against the law. A) needn't B) don't have to C) mustn't D) wouldn't To'g'ri javob: C) mustn't✔ 22. Choose the correct preposition: «The government announced a cut ... income tax for low earners.» A) at B) of C) in D) for To'g'ri javob: C) in ✔ 23. Choose the correct preposition: «Customers can pay ... cash or by card.» A) at B) in C) with the D) on To'g'ri javob: B) in ✔ 24. Choose the correct preposition: «... the long run, diversified portfolios tend to deliver more stable returns.» A) On B) At C) By D) In To'g'ri javob: D) In ✔ 25. Choose the correct preposition: «Experienced financial analysts are very much ... demand.» A) in B) at C) on D) by To'g'ri javob: A) in ✔ 26. We have ___ cash than we need. A) fewer B) a few C) less D) few To'g'ri javob: C) less ✔ 27. It was a mistake: we ___ sold those shares before the price went up. A) mustn't have B) shouldn't have C) wouldn't D) can't have To'g'ri javob: B) shouldn't have ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 83 28. A good for which demand FALLS as consumers' income rises, such as cheap own-brand food, is called a(n) ... good. A) luxury B) normal C) inferior D) complementary To'g'ri javob: C) inferior✔ 29. Choose the correct preposition: «Please send us the signed documents ... the end of the week.» (= not later than) A) until B) till C) by D) since To'g'ri javob: C) by ✔ 30. Decisions by a central bank about interest rates and the money supply are referred to as ... policy. A) competition B) monetary C) fiscal D) incomes To'g'ri javob: B) monetary ✔ 31. There were ___ objections to the plan; everyone agreed. A) some B) none C) any D) no To'g'ri javob: D) no ✔ 32. Which modal verb expresses lack of obligation? A) needn't B) mustn't C) can't D) shouldn't To'g'ri javob: A) needn't ✔ 33. A combination of high inflation, high unemployment and stagnant economic growth is known as ... A) a liquidity trap B) stagflation C) hyperinflation D) a boom To'g'ri javob: B) stagflation ✔ 34. I ___ to finish the report last night, so I submitted it this morning. A) couldn't B) wasn't able C) mustn't D) can't To'g'ri javob: B) wasn't able ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 84 35. The price at which the quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied is the ... A) equilibrium price B) ceiling price C) reserve price D) floor price To'g'ri javob: A) equilibrium price✔ 36. You ___ better check the figures again before sending them to the client. A) should B) had C) would D) could To'g'ri javob: B) had ✔ 37. We have ___ time before the meeting, so let's grab a coffee. A) little B) a few C) a little D) few To'g'ri javob: C) a little ✔ 38. A tax that takes a HIGHER percentage of income from people with higher incomes is called ... A) flat B) proportional C) regressive D) progressive To'g'ri javob: D) progressive ✔ 39. A country has a labour force of 50 million people, of whom 4 million are unemployed. What is the unemployment rate? A) 9.2% B) 4% C) 12.5% D) 8% To'g'ri javob: D) 8% ✔ 40. The additional cost of producing ONE more unit of output is the ... A) fixed cost B) total cost C) marginal cost D) average cost To'g'ri javob: C) marginal cost ✔ 41. Choose the correct preposition: «Customers must pay for custom-made orders ... advance.» A) on B) at C) in D) by To'g'ri javob: C) in ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 85 42. A good that is non-rival and non-excludable, such as national defence or street lighting, is called a ... A) luxury good B) normal good C) public good D) merit good To'g'ri javob: C) public good✔ 43. Nominal GDP grew by 7% last year, while the GDP deflator rose by 4%. Real GDP growth was approximately ... A) 11% B) 3% C) 4% D) 1.75% To'g'ri javob: B) 3% ✔ 44. The contract states that the tenant ___ pay rent on the first day of each month. A) may B) shall C) could D) might To'g'ri javob: B) shall ✔ 45. Choose the correct preposition: «Only small and medium-sized firms are eligible ... the state grant.» A) at B) of C) to D) for To'g'ri javob: D) for ✔ 46. ___ number of complaints has fallen this year. A) A B) (no article) C) The D) An To'g'ri javob: C) The ✔ 47. The curve showing the relationship between tax rates and total tax revenue is the ... A) Phillips curve B) supply curve C) Laffer curve D) yield curve To'g'ri javob: C) Laffer curve ✔ 48. Unemployment that occurs when people are temporarily between jobs or searching for their first job is called ... unemployment. A) cyclical B) seasonal C) frictional D) structural To'g'ri javob: C) frictional ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 86 49. Our team ___ to finish the audit by Friday. A) can B) should C) has D) must To'g'ri javob: C) has✔ 50. Choose the correct preposition: «Mr Rakhimov is in charge ... the bank's foreign exchange operations.» A) for B) about C) of D) with To'g'ri javob: C) of ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 87 11-variant English • choose the correct answer 1. Read the text and answer the question. Exchange rate movements affect exporters and importers differently. When the national currency depreciates, the country's goods become cheaper for foreign buyers, which can boost exports. At the same time, imported goods and raw materials become more expensive. Firms that export but also depend on imported components may therefore see mixed effects. Why might some exporting firms see «mixed effects» from depreciation? A) Because foreign buyers stop purchasing their goods B) Because they pay higher taxes on exports C) Because their sales prices are fixed by law D) Because they also rely on imported components that become more costly To'g'ri javob: D) Because they also rely on imported components that become more costly✔ 2. Which word can replace «which» in: «The figures which you sent are wrong.»? A) who B) that C) what D) whose To'g'ri javob: B) that ✔ 3. Read the text and answer the question. A credit score is a number that summarises a person's credit history. Lenders use it to estimate how likely a borrower is to repay on time. Factors such as late payments, the amount of debt outstanding and the length of credit history all affect the score. Borrowers with higher scores generally receive loans on better terms. What is the main purpose of a credit score, according to the text? A) To calculate a borrower's annual income B) To record the value of a borrower's property C) To help lenders estimate the likelihood of timely repayment D) To decide how much tax a borrower should pay To'g'ri javob: C) To help lenders estimate the likelihood of timely repayment ✔ 4. Choose the correct word: «All employees must ... the company's code of conduct.» A) follow up B) comply C) obey to D) adhere to To'g'ri javob: D) adhere to ✔ 5. If I were in charge, I ___ the budget differently. A) allocate B) had allocated C) will allocate D) would allocate To'g'ri javob: D) would allocate ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 88 6. Choose the correct adjective: «Profit margins in the industry are tiny because of ... competition.» A) heart-breaking B) breakneck C) back-breaking D) cut-throat To'g'ri javob: D) cut-throat✔ 7. Read the text and answer the question. Microfinance institutions provide small loans to people who lack access to traditional banking, often women running small businesses in rural areas. Because borrowers usually have no collateral, many lenders use group lending, in which members of a group guarantee each other's loans. Repayment rates in such schemes have often been high. Critics, however, argue that interest rates charged by some microlenders are excessively high. How do many microlenders deal with the absence of collateral? A) They obtain guarantees from the government B) They lend only to borrowers with steady salaries C) They require borrowers to open savings accounts first D) They use group lending, in which members guarantee each other's loans To'g'ri javob: D) They use group lending, in which members guarantee each other's loans ✔ 8. Some investors prefer bonds, ___ others prefer equities. A) because B) whereas C) despite D) however To'g'ri javob: B) whereas ✔ 9. Choose the correct word: «The firm will ... its new range of mobile banking services in the spring.» A) fire B) shoot C) throw D) launch To'g'ri javob: D) launch ✔ 10. ___ we known about the tax changes, we would have restructured the deal. A) Should B) Had C) Did D) Have To'g'ri javob: B) Had ✔ 11. If the deal goes through, we ___ our market share by 10%. A) would increase B) increased C) will increase D) would have increased To'g'ri javob: C) will increase ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 89 12. Supposing your offer ___, when would you be able to start? A) would be accepted B) had been accepting C) were accepted D) will be accepted To'g'ri javob: C) were accepted✔ 13. If he ___ harder, he would have passed the CFA exam. A) has studied B) studied C) would study D) had studied To'g'ri javob: D) had studied ✔ 14. The bank, ___ was founded in 1995, has 40 branches. A) who B) that C) what D) which To'g'ri javob: D) which ✔ 15. The deal is not legally binding ___ both parties sign it. A) despite B) until C) whereas D) in spite To'g'ri javob: B) until ✔ 16. Choose the correct word: «Before entering the Kazakh market, the firm ... extensive market research.» A) took B) made C) conducted D) held To'g'ri javob: C) conducted ✔ 17. I'll call you ___ I get the test results. A) as soon as B) although C) whereas D) despite To'g'ri javob: A) as soon as ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 90 18. Read the text and answer the question. Behavioural finance studies how psychological factors influence financial decisions. For example, investors often hold on to losing shares too long because selling would mean admitting a mistake; this is known as the disposition effect. Investors also tend to follow the crowd, buying when prices are already high. Such behaviour can contribute to market bubbles. According to the text, why do investors often keep losing shares too long? A) They are prevented by regulations B) They expect high dividends C) They cannot find a buyer D) Selling would mean admitting a mistake To'g'ri javob: D) Selling would mean admitting a mistake✔ 19. Choose the word that best completes the sentence: «Despite the difficult market, the start-up managed to ... a profit of $2 million in its first year.» A) win B) take C) do D) make To'g'ri javob: D) make ✔ 20. If I ___ more capital, I would expand the business. A) would have B) have C) had D) will have To'g'ri javob: C) had ✔ 21. Read the text and answer the question. Corporate governance refers to the system by which companies are directed and controlled. Good governance includes an independent board of directors, transparent financial reporting and protection of minority shareholders' rights. Studies suggest that firms with strong governance tend to find it easier and cheaper to raise capital, because investors trust them more. Why, according to the text, do well-governed firms find it easier to raise capital? A) Investors trust them more B) They are owned by the state C) They have no minority shareholders D) They pay no taxes To'g'ri javob: A) Investors trust them more ✔ 22. We will sign the agreement provided that the bank ___ the loan. A) approved B) would approve C) will approve D) approves To'g'ri javob: D) approves ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 91 23. If I had studied finance, I ___ a banker now. A) would be B) would have been C) am D) will be To'g'ri javob: A) would be✔ 24. The report ___ you asked for is on your desk. A) what B) who C) whose D) that To'g'ri javob: D) that ✔ 25. Interest rates rose. ___, borrowing became more expensive. A) Despite this B) Although C) However D) Consequently To'g'ri javob: D) Consequently ✔ 26. Choose the correct word: «The accountant stayed late to ... the books before the audit.» A) balance B) level C) equal D) even To'g'ri javob: A) balance ✔ 27. Not only did the company increase its revenue, ___ it also reduced its debt. A) so B) but C) or D) and To'g'ri javob: B) but ✔ 28. Choose the correct adjective: «Following the announcement, there was a ... rise in the company's share price.» A) sharp B) pointed C) acute D) keen To'g'ri javob: A) sharp ✔ 29. You can pay ___ in cash or by card. A) either B) whether C) neither D) both To'g'ri javob: A) either ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 92 30. Choose the correct word: «The group sold its hotels in order to concentrate on its ... business of logistics.» A) core B) heart C) centre D) middle To'g'ri javob: A) core✔ 31. Read the text and answer the question. A company's working capital is the difference between its current assets and its current liabilities. Positive working capital means the firm can cover its short-term obligations. However, too much working capital may indicate that cash is tied up unproductively in inventory or unpaid customer invoices. Efficient firms try to keep working capital at a level that supports operations without wasting resources. What may an excessively high level of working capital indicate? A) The company's shares are undervalued B) Cash is being tied up unproductively in stock or receivables C) The company cannot pay its suppliers D) The company has too much long-term debt To'g'ri javob: B) Cash is being tied up unproductively in stock or receivables ✔ 32. Read the text and answer the question. Index funds aim to replicate the performance of a market index rather than to beat it. Because they do not require teams of analysts to select stocks, their management fees are usually much lower than those of actively managed funds. Research has shown that, over long periods, many active funds fail to outperform their benchmark index after fees. What can be inferred from the text about the author's view? A) Index funds are too risky for most investors B) Fees have no effect on investment returns C) Active funds are always the best choice D) Index funds can be an attractive option for long-term investors To'g'ri javob: D) Index funds can be an attractive option for long-term investors ✔ 33. As long as you ___ the instalments on time, there will be no penalty. A) will pay B) would pay C) pay D) paid To'g'ri javob: C) pay ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 93 34. Read the text and answer the question. Contactless cards and mobile payments have reduced the use of cash in many countries. For consumers, digital payments are fast and convenient, and for governments they make tax evasion more difficult. However, some groups, such as elderly people and those in rural areas, may be excluded if cash disappears completely. For this reason, several countries have introduced rules to protect access to cash. Why have some countries introduced rules to protect access to cash? A) To avoid excluding groups such as elderly and rural people B) To make tax evasion easier C) To stop the use of mobile payments D) To increase the profits of banks To'g'ri javob: A) To avoid excluding groups such as elderly and rural people✔ 35. Choose the sentence with a correct non-defining relative clause. A) My manager, which has worked here for 20 years, is retiring. B) My manager, that has worked here for 20 years, is retiring. C) My manager, whom has worked here for 20 years, is retiring. D) My manager, who has worked here for 20 years, is retiring. To'g'ri javob: D) My manager, who has worked here for 20 years, is retiring. ✔ 36. Choose the correct word: «The ban on grain exports was finally ... in March.» A) elevated B) picked C) lifted D) hoisted To'g'ri javob: C) lifted ✔ 37. Choose the correct word: «Rising energy costs have hit the company's ... line, cutting net profit by a third.» A) last B) end C) final D) bottom To'g'ri javob: D) bottom ✔ 38. Read the text and answer the question. Islamic finance is based on principles that prohibit the charging of interest (riba). Instead, banks use contracts based on profit sharing or trade. For example, in a murabaha contract the bank buys an asset and sells it to the customer at an agreed higher price, payable in instalments. Islamic finance has grown rapidly in recent decades, particularly in the Middle East and Southeast Asia. Which principle is central to Islamic finance according to the text? A) Loans must be repaid within one year B) Charging interest is prohibited C) Customers may not pay in instalments D) Banks may not own physical assets To'g'ri javob: B) Charging interest is prohibited ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 94 39. Read the text and answer the question. Contactless cards and mobile payments have reduced the use of cash in many countries. For consumers, digital payments are fast and convenient, and for governments they make tax evasion more difficult. However, some groups, such as elderly people and those in rural areas, may be excluded if cash disappears completely. For this reason, several countries have introduced rules to protect access to cash. According to the text, what benefit do digital payments offer governments? A) Lower interest rates B) Cheaper printing of banknotes C) Higher exports D) Making tax evasion more difficult To'g'ri javob: D) Making tax evasion more difficult✔ 40. Choose the correct word: «The factory cannot produce enough to ... the growing demand.» A) see B) meet C) face up D) join To'g'ri javob: B) meet ✔ 41. Choose the correct word: «The government has promised to ... all its commitments to foreign creditors.» A) honour B) praise C) admire D) glorify To'g'ri javob: A) honour ✔ 42. If the loan had been approved, we ___ the factory last year. A) had built B) would have built C) would build D) will build To'g'ri javob: B) would have built ✔ 43. There are three candidates, two of ___ have banking experience. A) which B) them C) whom D) who To'g'ri javob: C) whom ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 95 44. Read the text and answer the question. A credit score is a number that summarises a person's credit history. Lenders use it to estimate how likely a borrower is to repay on time. Factors such as late payments, the amount of debt outstanding and the length of credit history all affect the score. Borrowers with higher scores generally receive loans on better terms. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor affecting a credit score? A) The borrower's level of education B) The length of credit history C) Late payments D) The amount of outstanding debt To'g'ri javob: A) The borrower's level of education✔ 45. Read the text and answer the question. Inflation erodes the real value of savings. If a savings account pays 5% interest a year while inflation is 8%, the saver's purchasing power actually falls. This is why economists distinguish between nominal interest rates and real interest rates, which are adjusted for inflation. In periods of high inflation, savers often move their money into assets such as property or foreign currency. The word «erodes» in the first sentence is closest in meaning to ... A) gradually reduces B) measures C) protects D) increases To'g'ri javob: A) gradually reduces ✔ 46. We chose this supplier ___ its low prices and reliable delivery. A) because B) despite C) because of D) although To'g'ri javob: C) because of ✔ 47. What would you do if you ___ a large sum of money? A) have inherited B) inherited C) inherit D) will inherit To'g'ri javob: B) inherited ✔ 48. Choose the correct word: «The government plans to ... a new tax on sugary drinks.» A) lead B) lift C) lend D) levy To'g'ri javob: D) levy ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 96 49. If only the market ___ falling! We're losing money every day. A) has stopped B) stops C) would stop D) will stop To'g'ri javob: C) would stop✔ 50. Read the text and answer the question. Microfinance institutions provide small loans to people who lack access to traditional banking, often women running small businesses in rural areas. Because borrowers usually have no collateral, many lenders use group lending, in which members of a group guarantee each other's loans. Repayment rates in such schemes have often been high. Critics, however, argue that interest rates charged by some microlenders are excessively high. What criticism of microfinance is mentioned in the text? A) Women are excluded from borrowing B) Some lenders charge very high interest rates C) Loans are too large for small businesses D) Repayment rates are too low To'g'ri javob: B) Some lenders charge very high interest rates ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 97 12-variant English • choose the correct answer 1. Choose the correct particle: «The committee put ... several proposals to reduce costs.» (= suggested for consideration) A) forward B) off C) out D) down To'g'ri javob: A) forward✔ 2. Smoking ___ anywhere in the building. A) is not permitted B) does not permit C) is not permitting D) not permitted To'g'ri javob: A) is not permitted ✔ 3. The salutation «To whom it may concern» is used when ... A) addressing a letter to the CEO by name B) writing to a close colleague C) the name of the recipient is unknown, e.g. in a general reference letter D) replying to a friend's email To'g'ri javob: C) the name of the recipient is unknown, e.g. in a general reference letter ✔ 4. The bank doesn't allow ___ in the building. A) to smoke B) smoke C) smoked D) smoking To'g'ri javob: D) smoking ✔ 5. The written record of what was discussed and decided at a meeting is called the ... A) minutes B) proposal C) agenda D) memo To'g'ri javob: A) minutes ✔ 6. The CEO had the press release ___ by the legal team. A) check B) to check C) checking D) checked To'g'ri javob: D) checked ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 98 7. Customers ___ about the change in fees by email. A) were informing B) informed C) were informed D) have informed To'g'ri javob: C) were informed✔ 8. Choose the correct particle: «The two partners decided to wind ... the business and retire.» (= bring to an end gradually) A) up B) off C) out D) over To'g'ri javob: A) up ✔ 9. The regulator warned the bank ___ the rules again. A) to not broke B) not breaking C) don't break D) not to break To'g'ri javob: D) not to break ✔ 10. Choose the correct phrasal verb: «The management team decided to ... the founders and take full control of the company.» (= purchase the whole ownership share of) A) buy up for B) buy in C) buy out D) buy off To'g'ri javob: C) buy out ✔ 11. A new branch manager ___ next month. A) is appointing B) will appoint C) appoints D) will be appointed To'g'ri javob: D) will be appointed ✔ 12. On a meeting agenda, the final item «AOB» stands for ... A) Agenda of the Board B) Any Other Business C) All Objections Considered D) Agreed Order of Business To'g'ri javob: B) Any Other Business ✔ 13. Choose the correct particle: «Don't worry about the error in the report; I'll sort it ... .» (= solve, fix) A) out B) on C) up D) off To'g'ri javob: A) out ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 99 14. The bank persuaded the client ___ his savings in a deposit. A) to put B) put C) putting D) puts To'g'ri javob: A) to put✔ 15. When you cannot attend a scheduled meeting, which sentence is most appropriate to send to the organiser? A) I'm not coming on Friday, so you will have to cancel the meeting. B) The meeting on Friday is not important for me, so I will skip it. C) Unfortunately, I won't be able to attend on Friday. Could we possibly reschedule? D) Friday is bad for me. Move the meeting to another day, please. To'g'ri javob: C) Unfortunately, I won't be able to attend on Friday. Could we possibly reschedule? ✔ 16. Choose the correct particle: «Each month we set ... 10% of our income for emergencies.» (= save / reserve) A) over B) about C) off D) aside To'g'ri javob: D) aside ✔ 17. Which sentence is the most appropriate way to correct a mistake in a previously sent email? A) My last email was wrong about the date, sorry, whatever, it doesn't matter. B) I made a mistake with the date because you confused me on the phone. C) Just ignore everything I wrote in my previous email about the meeting. D) Please note that the date in my previous email should read 14 May, not 15 May. To'g'ri javob: D) Please note that the date in my previous email should read 14 May, not 15 May. ✔ 18. Choose the correct particle: «The compliance department is looking ... the customer's complaint.» (= investigating) A) after B) for C) up D) into To'g'ri javob: D) into ✔ 19. He seems ___ a lot of experience in risk management. A) have B) to have C) having D) had To'g'ri javob: B) to have ✔ 20. Choose the correct sentence with «advise». A) He advised to me accept the offer. B) He advised me to accept the offer. C) He advised me accept the offer. D) He advised me accepting the offer. To'g'ri javob: B) He advised me to accept the offer. ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 100 21. Choose the correct phrasal verb: «Because of falling orders, the factory had to ... 300 workers.» (= dismiss because there is not enough work) A) lay out B) lay by C) lay off D) lay down To'g'ri javob: C) lay off✔ 22. Change to passive: «They will deliver the order on Monday.» A) The order is delivered on Monday. B) The order will deliver on Monday. C) The order will be delivered on Monday. D) The order will have delivered on Monday. To'g'ri javob: C) The order will be delivered on Monday. ✔ 23. The bank allowed us ___ the payment. A) to defer B) defer C) deferring D) deferred To'g'ri javob: A) to defer ✔ 24. Which subject line is the most appropriate for a business email? A) hi!!! B) Request for meeting – Q3 budget review C) Something D) Important!!! Read now!!! To'g'ri javob: B) Request for meeting – Q3 budget review ✔ 25. Serious mistakes ___ in last year's report. A) were made B) were making C) have made D) made To'g'ri javob: A) were made ✔ 26. Which phrase is used to refer to an attached document in the body of a formal letter? A) As you will see from the enclosed brochure, ... B) The brochure says it all, ... C) Look in the brochure, ... D) There's a brochure, check it, ... To'g'ri javob: A) As you will see from the enclosed brochure, ... ✔ 27. Choose the most appropriate phrase to confirm an arrangement by email: «I am writing ... our meeting on Tuesday at 10 a.m.» A) that I confirm B) confirming to C) to confirm D) for confirming To'g'ri javob: C) to confirm ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 101 28. He had his wallet ___ on the business trip. A) stole B) stolen C) steal D) stealing To'g'ri javob: B) stolen✔ 29. Choose the correct particle: «After rising steadily for two years, house prices have started to level ... .» (= stop rising and stay stable) A) off B) away C) up D) down To'g'ri javob: A) off ✔ 30. Choose the correct phrasal verb: «Several firms are trying to ... the boom in electric vehicles.» (= profit from) A) cash out B) cash in on C) cash up D) cash back To'g'ri javob: B) cash in on ✔ 31. She objected to ___ on Saturdays. A) worked B) working C) to work D) work To'g'ri javob: B) working ✔ 32. Senior managers don't like ___ what to do by junior staff. A) being told B) to tell C) telling D) be told To'g'ri javob: A) being told ✔ 33. Which phrase is most appropriate for asking for clarification in a meeting? A) Say it again more clearly. B) What? I don't understand you. C) That makes no sense at all. D) Could you clarify what you mean by «restructuring»? To'g'ri javob: D) Could you clarify what you mean by «restructuring»? ✔ 34. The manager had his assistant ___ the meeting with the investors. A) arranging B) arrange C) to arrange D) arranged To'g'ri javob: B) arrange ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 102 35. Which phrase would a chairperson use to open a formal meeting? A) Well, I think that covers everything, so let's call it a day. B) Thank you all for coming; the meeting is now closed. C) Is there any other business before we finish today? D) Right, let's get started. The purpose of today's meeting is to review the results. To'g'ri javob: D) Right, let's get started. The purpose of today's meeting is to review the results.✔ 36. The abbreviation «RSVP» on an invitation means ... A) the event is free of charge B) the invitation is personal C) formal dress is required D) please reply To'g'ri javob: D) please reply ✔ 37. Choose the correct phrasal verb: «Can you ... me ... to the accounts department, please?» (= connect by telephone) A) put / off B) put / through C) put / up D) put / on To'g'ri javob: B) put / through ✔ 38. Our premium customers ___ free financial advice. A) offer B) are offered C) are offering D) have offered To'g'ri javob: B) are offered ✔ 39. We heard the fire alarm ___ and left the building. A) to go off B) go off C) went off D) gone off To'g'ri javob: B) go off ✔ 40. The company decided ___ a new branch in Namangan. A) opening B) opened C) open D) to open To'g'ri javob: D) to open ✔ 41. Choose the correct particle: «Dr Ahmedova will head ... the new risk management department.» (= lead) A) up B) out C) off D) in To'g'ri javob: A) up ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 103 42. The new manager ___ to have extensive experience in mergers and acquisitions. A) thinks B) is thought C) thought D) is thinking To'g'ri javob: B) is thought✔ 43. He's interested in ___ in private equity. A) working B) work C) to work D) worked To'g'ri javob: A) working ✔ 44. In formal British business correspondence, a letter that begins «Dear Ms Yusupova» should normally end with ... A) Yours sincerely B) Yours faithfully C) Yours truly friend D) Love To'g'ri javob: A) Yours sincerely ✔ 45. Would you mind ___ the window? A) to open B) opening C) opened D) open To'g'ri javob: B) opening ✔ 46. Which sentence is the most appropriate way to give a positive but cautious response to a business proposal? A) We are not interested in your proposal and do not wish to discuss it. B) Your proposal is the worst idea we have seen this year, to be honest. C) Your proposal is perfect and we will sign the contract immediately. D) Your proposal looks interesting, and we would like time to consider it. To'g'ri javob: D) Your proposal looks interesting, and we would like time to consider it. ✔ 47. Choose the correct particle: «The investor backed ... of the deal at the last moment.» (= withdrew from an agreement) A) up B) down C) off D) out To'g'ri javob: D) out ✔ 48. Choose the correct particle: «We need to catch ... with our competitors, who are already using AI in lending.» (= reach the same level as) A) on B) out C) in D) up To'g'ri javob: D) up ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 104 49. I'd like ___ a savings account. A) to open B) open C) opening D) opened To'g'ri javob: A) to open✔ 50. Since I changed jobs, I have my salary ___ into a different account. A) pay B) paid C) paying D) to pay To'g'ri javob: B) paid ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 105 13-variant English • choose the correct answer 1. A fee paid by an insured party to an insurance company in exchange for cover is a(n) ... A) indemnity B) premium C) claim D) excess To'g'ri javob: B) premium✔ 2. «I won't sign this contract,» the client said. → The client ___ to sign the contract. A) denied B) refused C) rejected D) objected To'g'ri javob: B) refused ✔ 3. Choose the correct form: «There has been a slight ... (IMPROVE) in the bank's asset quality.» A) improver B) improved C) improvement D) improving To'g'ri javob: C) improvement ✔ 4. Choose the correct form: «Paying employees in cash to avoid taxes is ... (LEGAL).» A) unlegal B) dislegal C) inlegal D) illegal To'g'ri javob: D) illegal ✔ 5. The bank ___ three branches so far this year. A) is opening B) opened C) had opened D) has opened To'g'ri javob: D) has opened ✔ 6. The central bank usually ___ its interest-rate decision on Thursdays. A) has been announcing B) is announcing C) announces D) had announced To'g'ri javob: C) announces ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 106 7. By 2030, the fund ___ in renewable energy projects for over a decade. A) will have been investing B) will invest C) is investing D) has been investing To'g'ri javob: A) will have been investing✔ 8. Choose the correct form: «The company is the largest ... (EMPLOY) in the region, with 8,000 staff.» A) employable B) employee C) employer D) employment To'g'ri javob: C) employer ✔ 9. According to the official schedule, the shareholders' meeting ___ at 9 a.m. tomorrow. A) started B) has started C) starts D) had started To'g'ri javob: C) starts ✔ 10. The negotiations ___ for six months before the parties finally reached an agreement. A) go on B) have been going on C) are going on D) had been going on To'g'ri javob: D) had been going on ✔ 11. Choose the correct form: «The central bank's actions ... (STABLE) prices after months of turmoil.» A) stability B) stable C) stabilised D) stabiliser To'g'ri javob: C) stabilised ✔ 12. «I didn't leak the information,» the employee said. → The employee denied ___ the information. A) leaking B) to leak C) leak D) that leaking To'g'ri javob: A) leaking ✔ 13. «Could you lend me some money?» my colleague asked. → My colleague asked me ___ lend him some money. A) if I could B) whether could I C) could I D) that I could To'g'ri javob: A) if I could ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 107 14. «We signed the contract yesterday,» he said a week ago. → He said they had signed the contract ___. A) yesterday B) the day before C) tomorrow D) the next day To'g'ri javob: B) the day before✔ 15. Choose the correct form: «This new boiler is very ... (ECONOMY); it uses 30% less fuel.» A) economist B) economic C) economics D) economical To'g'ri javob: D) economical ✔ 16. Choose the correct form: «The bank's lending policy is too ... (RISK) for a small institution.» A) risking B) riskiness C) risky D) risked To'g'ri javob: C) risky ✔ 17. «Why don't you apply for the position?» my manager said. → My manager ___ that I apply for the position. A) suggested B) told C) offered D) said me To'g'ri javob: A) suggested ✔ 18. A person or institution legally obliged to act in the best interests of another party, such as a trustee managing funds for a client, has a ... duty. A) contingent B) fiduciary C) nominal D) secondary To'g'ri javob: B) fiduciary ✔ 19. A scheme that guarantees depositors will be repaid up to a certain limit if their bank fails is called ... A) reinsurance B) mortgage insurance C) credit default swap D) deposit insurance To'g'ri javob: D) deposit insurance ✔ 20. I ___ the presentation when the phone rang. A) was preparing B) prepare C) am preparing D) have prepared To'g'ri javob: A) was preparing ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 108 21. A customer deposits $2,000 at a simple interest rate of 6% per year. How much interest will be earned after 3 years? A) $382 B) $120 C) $420 D) $360 To'g'ri javob: D) $360✔ 22. Choose the correct form: «The ... (EXPAND) of the branch network will take three years.» A) expander B) expansion C) expansive D) expanse To'g'ri javob: B) expansion ✔ 23. Assets that a borrower pledges to a lender as security for a loan are known as ... A) receivables B) collateral C) dividends D) liabilities To'g'ri javob: B) collateral ✔ 24. Choose the correct form: «... (EMPLOY) rose sharply during the recession, reaching 9%.» A) Unemployed B) Employer C) Employment D) Unemployment To'g'ri javob: D) Unemployment ✔ 25. Taking an offsetting position in a related asset in order to reduce exposure to price movements is known as ... A) underwriting B) leveraging C) speculating D) hedging To'g'ri javob: D) hedging ✔ 26. «Shall I help you with the figures?» he asked. → He ___ to help me with the figures. A) asked B) insisted C) suggested D) offered To'g'ri javob: D) offered ✔ 27. A bond that pays no periodic interest and is sold at a price well below its face value is a ... A) zero-coupon bond B) callable bond C) convertible bond D) floating-rate note To'g'ri javob: A) zero-coupon bond ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 109 28. I ___ for this investment fund for five years before I moved to London. A) work B) am working C) had worked D) have worked To'g'ri javob: C) had worked✔ 29. Choose the correct form: «Household ... (CONSUME) accounts for about 60% of GDP in many countries.» A) consumer B) consumerism C) consumed D) consumption To'g'ri javob: D) consumption ✔ 30. «Sign here, please,» the clerk said to me. → The clerk asked me ___ there. A) to sign B) sign C) signing D) for sign To'g'ri javob: A) to sign ✔ 31. The original sum of money borrowed in a loan, excluding interest, is called the ... A) margin B) principal C) spread D) yield To'g'ri javob: B) principal ✔ 32. Choose the correct form: «The old production process was slow and ... (EFFICIENT).» A) misefficient B) disefficient C) inefficient D) unefficient To'g'ri javob: C) inefficient ✔ 33. When a central bank lends to banks in difficulty that cannot obtain funds elsewhere, it is acting as the ... A) clearing house B) market maker C) fiscal agent D) lender of last resort To'g'ri javob: D) lender of last resort ✔ 34. Don't worry, I ___ the report by the time you get back from lunch. A) will have finished B) have finished C) will be finishing D) had finished To'g'ri javob: A) will have finished ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 110 35. Choose the correct form: «The government announced the ... (VALUE) of the national currency by 20% against the dollar.» A) valuable B) valuation C) devaluation D) evaluation To'g'ri javob: C) devaluation✔ 36. Money that a company owes to its suppliers is recorded on the balance sheet as ... A) share capital B) accounts payable C) goodwill D) accounts receivable To'g'ri javob: B) accounts payable ✔ 37. The currency market ___ very volatile lately. A) is being B) has been C) was D) will have been To'g'ri javob: B) has been ✔ 38. «I'll definitely pay you back by Friday,» she said. → She promised ___ me back by Friday. A) to pay B) paying C) that pay D) pay To'g'ri javob: A) to pay ✔ 39. «You did a great job on the merger,» the director said to the team. → The director congratulated the team ___ a great job on the merger. A) to do B) that doing C) on doing D) for do To'g'ri javob: C) on doing ✔ 40. As soon as the funds ___, we will ship the goods. A) will arrive B) arrive C) arrived D) would arrive To'g'ri javob: B) arrive ✔ 41. The company ___ a profit every year since 2015. A) makes B) has made C) made D) is making To'g'ri javob: B) has made ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 111 42. Every month the accountant ___ the bank statements with the ledger. A) reconcile B) reconciles C) has been reconciled D) is reconciling To'g'ri javob: B) reconciles✔ 43. «You'd better check the contract,» he said to me. → He ___ me to check the contract. A) suggested B) advised C) proposed D) insisted To'g'ri javob: B) advised ✔ 44. Yesterday I ___ an email from the tax office. A) am receiving B) received C) have received D) had received To'g'ri javob: B) received ✔ 45. The use of borrowed money to increase the potential return on an investment is called ... A) leverage B) solvency C) dilution D) liquidity To'g'ri javob: A) leverage ✔ 46. Choose the correct form: «The bank introduced several cost-saving ... (MEASURE) last year.» A) measuring B) measurement C) measures D) measurable To'g'ri javob: C) measures ✔ 47. A loan provided jointly by a group of banks, typically to a large corporate borrower, is a(n) ... loan. A) personal B) student C) syndicated D) bridging To'g'ri javob: C) syndicated ✔ 48. He ___ that the meeting had been cancelled. A) talked B) said C) told D) spoke To'g'ri javob: B) said ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 112 49. «Are you going to the conference?» she asked me. → She asked me ___ to the conference. A) whether I was going B) whether am I going C) if was I going D) was I going To'g'ri javob: A) whether I was going✔ 50. Choose the correct form: «The CEO announced his ... (RESIGN) at the shareholders' meeting.» A) resigned B) resignation C) resignedly D) resigning To'g'ri javob: B) resignation ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 113 14-variant English • choose the correct answer 1. Customers ___ share their PIN with anyone — not even with bank staff. A) must not B) might C) don't have to D) needn't To'g'ri javob: A) must not✔ 2. If the inflation rate falls from 8% to 4%, prices are still rising but more slowly. This is called ... A) deflation B) reflation C) disinflation D) stagflation To'g'ri javob: C) disinflation ✔ 3. Choose the correct preposition: «I'm sorry, this model is currently out ... stock.» A) in B) of C) off D) from To'g'ri javob: B) of ✔ 4. By law, companies ___ publish their annual financial statements. A) have B) are obliged to C) ought D) need To'g'ri javob: B) are obliged to ✔ 5. A cost that has already been incurred and cannot be recovered, and which therefore should not affect future decisions, is a ... A) sunk cost B) marginal cost C) opportunity cost D) variable cost To'g'ri javob: A) sunk cost ✔ 6. Choose the correct preposition: «The new CEO succeeded ... turning the company around within two years.» A) at B) with C) on D) in To'g'ri javob: D) in ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 114 7. Choose the correct preposition: «The tenant is three months ... arrears with the rent.» A) at B) on C) under D) in To'g'ri javob: D) in✔ 8. Choose the correct preposition: «The guarantor is liable ... the debt if the borrower fails to pay.» A) for B) to C) with D) of To'g'ri javob: A) for ✔ 9. ___ few weeks ago, we signed a deal with a Korean partner. A) An B) A C) (no article) D) The To'g'ri javob: B) A ✔ 10. Sorry, I ___ come to your presentation tomorrow; I'll be in Samarkand. A) mustn't B) won't be able to C) can't to D) couldn't have To'g'ri javob: B) won't be able to ✔ 11. Is there ___ chance the bank will approve the loan? A) any B) few C) a few D) many To'g'ri javob: A) any ✔ 12. Which sentence expresses a logical deduction about the past? A) The client must forget about the meeting. B) The client must have forgotten about the meeting. C) The client should forget about the meeting. D) The client has to forget about the meeting. To'g'ri javob: B) The client must have forgotten about the meeting. ✔ 13. When increased government borrowing raises interest rates and so reduces private investment, this is called ... A) crowding out B) fiscal drag C) trickle-down D) the accelerator effect To'g'ri javob: A) crowding out ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 115 14. Choose the correct preposition: «Sorry to call you ... such short notice, but could we meet today?» A) at B) by C) in D) with To'g'ri javob: A) at✔ 15. In the past, customers ___ wait weeks for a loan decision; now it takes minutes. A) should B) ought C) must D) used to have to To'g'ri javob: D) used to have to ✔ 16. It was ___ good investment that we bought more shares. A) so a B) so C) such D) such a To'g'ri javob: D) such a ✔ 17. Choose the correct preposition: «Exports of cotton account ... about 10% of the country's export earnings.» A) of B) to C) with D) for To'g'ri javob: D) for ✔ 18. Credit card holders ___ pay the full balance each month; they can pay the minimum amount. A) mustn't B) have to C) can't D) don't have to To'g'ri javob: D) don't have to ✔ 19. If you want my advice, you ___ diversify your portfolio. A) needn't B) can't C) must not D) should To'g'ri javob: D) should ✔ 20. The transfer of a state-owned enterprise to private ownership is called ... A) regulation B) subsidisation C) nationalisation D) privatisation To'g'ri javob: D) privatisation ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 116 21. If the marginal propensity to consume is 0.8, the simple Keynesian spending multiplier is ... A) 0.8 B) 5 C) 8 D) 1.25 To'g'ri javob: B) 5✔ 22. Choose the correct preposition: «Sales increased ... 5%, from $200 million to $210 million.» (the size of the change) A) to B) at C) by D) on To'g'ri javob: C) by ✔ 23. The curve showing a short-run inverse relationship between inflation and unemployment is the ... A) demand curve B) Phillips curve C) Lorenz curve D) Laffer curve To'g'ri javob: B) Phillips curve ✔ 24. ___ I use your calculator for a moment? A) Shall B) May C) Should D) Must To'g'ri javob: B) May ✔ 25. A person who benefits from a public good without paying for it is called a ... A) rent seeker B) free rider C) stakeholder D) price taker To'g'ri javob: B) free rider ✔ 26. We had ___ very productive meeting with the investors. A) (no article) B) an C) the any D) a To'g'ri javob: D) a ✔ 27. ___ price of oil rose sharply last week. A) A B) (no article) C) The D) An To'g'ri javob: C) The ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 117 28. Choose the correct preposition: «Is the new manager familiar ... international accounting standards?» A) about B) with C) on D) to To'g'ri javob: B) with✔ 29. Choose the correct preposition: «In the next quarter we will focus ... reducing operating costs.» A) to B) on C) at D) in To'g'ri javob: B) on ✔ 30. The cost of a basket of consumer goods was 200 in the base year and is 220 this year. Measured by this index, the price level has risen by ... A) 20% B) 22% C) 10% D) 1.1% To'g'ri javob: C) 10% ✔ 31. ___ number of customers have complained about the new app. A) The B) An C) A D) (no article) To'g'ri javob: C) A ✔ 32. ___ Central Bank of Uzbekistan sets the policy rate. A) A B) An C) The D) (no article) To'g'ri javob: C) The ✔ 33. Choose the correct preposition: «Pension funds usually invest ... a mix of bonds and shares.» A) on B) at C) for D) in To'g'ri javob: D) in ✔ 34. Both ___ managers attended the training. A) an B) the C) a D) of To'g'ri javob: B) the ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 118 35. Choose the correct preposition: «Many consumers buy furniture ... credit and pay in monthly instalments.» A) with B) on C) by D) in To'g'ri javob: B) on✔ 36. The total market value of all final goods and services produced within a country's borders in a given period is its ... A) gross domestic product B) balance of trade C) money supply D) national debt To'g'ri javob: A) gross domestic product ✔ 37. We've got ___ customers this month than last month. A) more B) a lot C) much D) less To'g'ri javob: A) more ✔ 38. Investors ___ be careful when markets are this volatile. A) ought to B) ought C) should to D) must to To'g'ri javob: A) ought to ✔ 39. A market in which there is only ONE buyer, for example a single large employer in a town, is called a ... A) conglomerate B) cartel C) monopoly D) monopsony To'g'ri javob: D) monopsony ✔ 40. When the system went down, the staff ___ process payments manually. A) must B) have to C) must have D) had to To'g'ri javob: D) had to ✔ 41. The theory that exchange rates should adjust so that identical goods cost the same in different countries is called ... A) the Phillips curve B) purchasing power parity C) the quantity theory of money D) the Laffer curve To'g'ri javob: B) purchasing power parity ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 119 42. Choose the correct preposition: «Invoices must be paid ... 30 days of the date of issue.» A) for B) within C) during D) since To'g'ri javob: B) within✔ 43. She speaks ___ English and ___ Russian fluently. A) the … a B) no article in both gaps C) an … a D) the … the To'g'ri javob: B) no article in both gaps ✔ 44. You ___ submit the form in person; you can also do it online. A) have to B) mustn't C) ought to D) don't have to To'g'ri javob: D) don't have to ✔ 45. He earns $5,000 ___ month. A) an B) a C) the D) per a To'g'ri javob: B) a ✔ 46. You ___ have warned me about the fees — I would have chosen another bank. A) need B) can C) might D) must To'g'ri javob: C) might ✔ 47. The parcel ___ arrive tomorrow, as it was sent by express mail. A) should B) can't C) must have D) needn't To'g'ri javob: A) should ✔ 48. A deliberate reduction by the authorities of the official value of a currency under a fixed exchange rate system is called ... A) devaluation B) appreciation C) revaluation D) deflation To'g'ri javob: A) devaluation ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 120 49. She works as ___ financial analyst at a large bank. A) a B) an C) the D) (no article) To'g'ri javob: A) a✔ 50. Choose the correct preposition: «Managers are ... increasing pressure to cut costs.» A) under B) at C) in D) on To'g'ri javob: A) under ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 121 15-variant English • choose the correct answer 1. Read the text and answer the question. Inflation erodes the real value of savings. If a savings account pays 5% interest a year while inflation is 8%, the saver's purchasing power actually falls. This is why economists distinguish between nominal interest rates and real interest rates, which are adjusted for inflation. In periods of high inflation, savers often move their money into assets such as property or foreign currency. Based on the text, what is the approximate real interest rate in the example given? A) +1.6% B) +5% C) +13% D) -3% To'g'ri javob: D) -3%✔ 2. Read the text and answer the question. Financial literacy is the ability to understand basic financial concepts such as interest, inflation and risk. Surveys in many countries show that a large share of adults cannot correctly answer simple questions about compound interest. People with low financial literacy are more likely to take on expensive debt and less likely to save for retirement. Many governments now include personal finance in school curricula. What step have many governments taken, according to the text? A) Lowering interest rates on loans B) Banning credit cards for young people C) Including personal finance in school curricula D) Making retirement savings compulsory To'g'ri javob: C) Including personal finance in school curricula ✔ 3. Choose the correct adjective: «Exporters earn ... currency, such as US dollars and euros, which is freely convertible.» A) heavy B) solid C) firm D) hard To'g'ri javob: D) hard ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 122 4. Read the text and answer the question. A bond's price and its yield move in opposite directions. If market interest rates rise, newly issued bonds offer higher coupons, so existing bonds with lower coupons become less attractive and their prices fall. Conversely, when market rates fall, the prices of existing bonds rise. Bonds with longer maturities are generally more sensitive to these changes. According to the text, what happens to the price of an existing bond when market interest rates rise? A) It doubles B) It rises C) It stays the same D) It falls To'g'ri javob: D) It falls✔ 5. Choose the correct word: «We would like to ... an order for 500 units of model X-200.» A) place B) do C) lay D) set To'g'ri javob: A) place ✔ 6. If customers pay by card, the shop ___ a small fee to the bank. A) would pay B) pays C) would have paid D) paid To'g'ri javob: B) pays ✔ 7. Read the text and answer the question. Deposit insurance protects bank customers if their bank fails. In many countries, deposits up to a certain amount are guaranteed by a state-backed fund. This reduces the likelihood of bank runs, because depositors know their money is safe. Critics note that deposit insurance can also create moral hazard, as banks may take greater risks knowing their depositors are protected. What negative consequence of deposit insurance is mentioned? A) It increases inflation B) It makes depositors withdraw money more often C) Banks may take on more risk D) It makes deposits impossible to transfer To'g'ri javob: C) Banks may take on more risk ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 123 8. Read the text and answer the question. Many banks now use artificial intelligence to assess loan applications. Algorithms can analyse large amounts of data quickly and may identify creditworthy borrowers who would be rejected by traditional methods. Nevertheless, regulators have warned that algorithms trained on historical data may reproduce past discrimination. Banks are therefore expected to be able to explain how their models reach decisions. The word «Nevertheless» in the third sentence introduces ... A) an example B) a result C) a definition D) a contrast To'g'ri javob: D) a contrast✔ 9. Choose the correct word: «The company's market ... has risen to 30% since the merger.» A) piece B) share C) portion D) part To'g'ri javob: B) share ✔ 10. Choose the correct word: «Small businesses often complain about excessive ... tape when registering a company.» A) red B) black C) blue D) white To'g'ri javob: A) red ✔ 11. The client ___ account was frozen called the manager. A) whom B) whose C) who's D) which To'g'ri javob: B) whose ✔ 12. But for the government's support, many banks ___ during the crisis. A) would have collapsed B) collapsed C) had collapsed D) will collapse To'g'ri javob: A) would have collapsed ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 124 13. Read the text and answer the question. When a company issues new shares, existing shareholders may see their ownership percentage fall. This effect is known as dilution. To protect shareholders, some companies offer a rights issue, which gives existing owners the right to buy new shares in proportion to their current holdings, often at a discount to the market price. In the text, the word «dilution» refers to ... A) an increase in the share price B) a reduction in existing shareholders' percentage of ownership C) a fall in the company's profits D) the process of merging two companies To'g'ri javob: B) a reduction in existing shareholders' percentage of ownership✔ 14. Prices have risen sharply; ___, demand has remained stable. A) moreover B) therefore C) even so D) as a result To'g'ri javob: C) even so ✔ 15. Choose the correct collocation: «The team worked through the weekend in order to ... the deadline.» A) meet B) pass C) fill D) do To'g'ri javob: A) meet ✔ 16. Anyone ___ wants to attend the seminar should register by Friday. A) which B) whom C) who D) whose To'g'ri javob: C) who ✔ 17. The bank has 500 employees, most of ___ work in Tashkent. A) them B) who C) whom D) that To'g'ri javob: C) whom ✔ 18. Choose the correct word: «The bank ... interest of 24% a year on unpaid credit card balances.» A) charges B) spends C) prices D) costs To'g'ri javob: A) charges ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 125 19. If you had told me earlier, I ___ you with the presentation. A) can help B) will help C) could have helped D) had helped To'g'ri javob: C) could have helped✔ 20. Had the auditors checked the accounts more carefully, the fraud ___ earlier. A) had been discovered B) would be discovered C) would have been discovered D) will be discovered To'g'ri javob: C) would have been discovered ✔ 21. Read the text and answer the question. A company's working capital is the difference between its current assets and its current liabilities. Positive working capital means the firm can cover its short-term obligations. However, too much working capital may indicate that cash is tied up unproductively in inventory or unpaid customer invoices. Efficient firms try to keep working capital at a level that supports operations without wasting resources. A firm has current assets of $500,000 and current liabilities of $350,000. Using the definition in the text, its working capital is ... A) $350,000 B) $200,000 C) $150,000 D) $850,000 To'g'ri javob: C) $150,000 ✔ 22. If you should see Mr Karimov, ___ him to call me. A) you had asked B) you would ask C) you will have asked D) please ask To'g'ri javob: D) please ask ✔ 23. Read the text and answer the question. Islamic finance is based on principles that prohibit the charging of interest (riba). Instead, banks use contracts based on profit sharing or trade. For example, in a murabaha contract the bank buys an asset and sells it to the customer at an agreed higher price, payable in instalments. Islamic finance has grown rapidly in recent decades, particularly in the Middle East and Southeast Asia. In a murabaha contract, as described in the text, how does the bank earn money? A) By charging monthly interest on the loan B) By charging a fee for opening an account C) By taking ownership of the customer's business D) By selling the asset to the customer at an agreed higher price To'g'ri javob: D) By selling the asset to the customer at an agreed higher price ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 126 24. We raised prices ___ our costs had increased. A) because B) due to C) owing to D) because of To'g'ri javob: A) because✔ 25. It's time we ___ our pricing strategy. A) review B) reviewed C) will review D) have reviewed To'g'ri javob: B) reviewed ✔ 26. The project was expensive. ___, it was completed on time. A) Although B) Despite C) Because D) However To'g'ri javob: D) However ✔ 27. If the equipment ___ so expensive, we would order more units. A) wouldn't be B) won't be C) weren't D) isn't To'g'ri javob: C) weren't ✔ 28. Read the text and answer the question. Behavioural finance studies how psychological factors influence financial decisions. For example, investors often hold on to losing shares too long because selling would mean admitting a mistake; this is known as the disposition effect. Investors also tend to follow the crowd, buying when prices are already high. Such behaviour can contribute to market bubbles. What, according to the text, can contribute to market bubbles? A) Investing only in bonds B) Selling shares too early C) Strict regulation of stock exchanges D) Following the crowd and buying when prices are already high To'g'ri javob: D) Following the crowd and buying when prices are already high ✔ 29. Choose the correct word: «In the director's absence, Ms Karimova will ... the meeting.» A) seat B) bench C) chair D) table To'g'ri javob: C) chair ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 127 30. Choose the correct word: «The EU decided to ... sanctions on companies involved in the scheme.» A) compose B) expose C) impose D) suppose To'g'ri javob: C) impose✔ 31. He is the person ___ I told you about. A) where B) whose C) who D) which To'g'ri javob: C) who ✔ 32. On condition that you ___ the goods within 30 days, you will get a full refund. A) returned B) return C) will return D) would return To'g'ri javob: B) return ✔ 33. Read the text and answer the question. When a company issues new shares, existing shareholders may see their ownership percentage fall. This effect is known as dilution. To protect shareholders, some companies offer a rights issue, which gives existing owners the right to buy new shares in proportion to their current holdings, often at a discount to the market price. What is the purpose of a rights issue as described in the text? A) To allow existing shareholders to maintain their proportion of ownership B) To sell the company to a new owner C) To pay dividends in the form of shares D) To reduce the number of shares in circulation To'g'ri javob: A) To allow existing shareholders to maintain their proportion of ownership ✔ 34. Choose the correct word: «The company ... out a loan to buy new equipment.» A) got B) made C) took D) brought To'g'ri javob: C) took ✔ 35. ___ the contract was signed, the bank released the funds. A) Once B) Despite C) Unless D) Although To'g'ri javob: A) Once ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 128 36. Many costs, ___ rent and salaries, are fixed. A) as such B) such as C) like as D) for instance of To'g'ri javob: B) such as✔ 37. The town ___ I was born has no bank branch. A) which B) in which C) at that D) where in To'g'ri javob: B) in which ✔ 38. ___ to the latest report, inflation is slowing. A) Regarding B) According C) Owing D) Due To'g'ri javob: B) According ✔ 39. Take an umbrella to the meeting ___ it rains. A) provided B) unless C) as long as D) in case To'g'ri javob: D) in case ✔ 40. Choose the correct idiom: «If the project fails, taxpayers will have to ... the bill.» A) toe B) leg C) hand D) foot To'g'ri javob: D) foot ✔ 41. Read the text and answer the question. Venture capital firms invest in young, high-risk companies with strong growth potential. In exchange for their money, they usually receive an equity stake and often a seat on the board. Most of the companies they fund fail, but a small number of very successful investments can generate returns large enough to compensate for the losses. How do venture capital firms make overall profits despite many failures? A) By selling the assets of failed companies B) Through a few highly successful investments C) By charging high interest on their loans D) By investing only in established firms To'g'ri javob: B) Through a few highly successful investments ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 129 42. Suppose the exchange rate ___ by 20% — what would happen to our exports? A) will fall B) fell C) falls D) has fallen To'g'ri javob: B) fell✔ 43. Choose the correct expression: «Customers paying late have caused serious ... problems for the small firm.» A) cash river B) money current C) money stream D) cash flow To'g'ri javob: D) cash flow ✔ 44. Choose the correct word: «At the conference she will ... a presentation on digital banking.» A) tell B) speak C) give D) say To'g'ri javob: C) give ✔ 45. If you ___ the report by noon, I'll be able to review it before the meeting. A) finish B) would finish C) will finish D) finished To'g'ri javob: A) finish ✔ 46. I wouldn't have been late if I ___ the earlier train. A) have caught B) caught C) had caught D) would catch To'g'ri javob: C) had caught ✔ 47. Read the text and answer the question. Diversification is often described as the only free lunch in investing. By holding assets whose prices do not move in exactly the same way, an investor can reduce the overall volatility of a portfolio without necessarily reducing its expected return. However, diversification cannot eliminate market risk, which affects all assets at the same time, for example during a global recession. Why is diversification called a «free lunch»? A) Because it can lower risk without necessarily lowering expected return B) Because it removes all risk from a portfolio C) Because it guarantees profits during a recession D) Because it is offered free of charge by most banks To'g'ri javob: A) Because it can lower risk without necessarily lowering expected return ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 130 48. The manager, ___ I had sent the report, never replied. A) that B) to whom C) which D) to who To'g'ri javob: B) to whom✔ 49. Read the text and answer the question. A bond's price and its yield move in opposite directions. If market interest rates rise, newly issued bonds offer higher coupons, so existing bonds with lower coupons become less attractive and their prices fall. Conversely, when market rates fall, the prices of existing bonds rise. Bonds with longer maturities are generally more sensitive to these changes. Which bonds does the text say are generally MORE sensitive to interest rate changes? A) Bonds with longer maturities B) Bonds issued by governments C) Bonds bought at a discount D) Bonds with higher coupons To'g'ri javob: A) Bonds with longer maturities ✔ 50. If you ___ the invoice yet, please let us know. A) won't receive B) hadn't received C) wouldn't receive D) haven't received To'g'ri javob: D) haven't received ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 131 16-variant English • choose the correct answer 1. Choose the correct particle: «The firm sold ... its loss-making divisions to concentrate on banking software.» (= sold, usually cheaply or in parts) A) away to B) up C) off D) over To'g'ri javob: C) off✔ 2. I was made ___ the report again. A) rewrite B) rewriting C) rewritten D) to rewrite To'g'ri javob: D) to rewrite ✔ 3. Change to passive: «People say that he is a brilliant trader.» A) He is said being a brilliant trader. B) He was said to be a brilliant trader. C) He is said to be a brilliant trader. D) He says to be a brilliant trader. To'g'ri javob: C) He is said to be a brilliant trader. ✔ 4. Which phrase is used to check that everyone has understood in a meeting or presentation? A) Is it clear or not, people? B) Does that make sense to everyone? C) Understand? D) You understood, yes? To'g'ri javob: B) Does that make sense to everyone? ✔ 5. Which phrase is used in a meeting to bring the discussion back to the main topic? A) That reminds me of a funny story. B) Who wants to go first? C) I think we're getting off the point; let's go back to the budget. D) Let's take a coffee break. To'g'ri javob: C) I think we're getting off the point; let's go back to the budget. ✔ 6. Choose the correct phrasal verb: «Our marketing team has ... an excellent idea for the new campaign.» (= thought of / produced) A) come in for B) come up with C) come out of D) come down with To'g'ri javob: B) come up with ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 132 7. Choose the correct particle: «Please fill ... this application form and return it to the branch.» (= complete) A) in B) up C) on D) over To'g'ri javob: A) in✔ 8. The abbreviation «e.g.» in a business document means ... A) that is to say B) approximately C) for example D) in other words To'g'ri javob: C) for example ✔ 9. Choose the correct particle: «Retailers usually mark ... wholesale prices by 30–50%.» (= increase the selling price over cost) A) on B) down C) up D) off To'g'ri javob: C) up ✔ 10. Our office ___ every evening. A) cleaned B) is cleaning C) is cleaned D) cleans To'g'ri javob: C) is cleaned ✔ 11. Choose the correct phrasal verb: «The minister did not ... the possibility of further tax increases.» (= exclude) A) rule in B) rule over C) rule out D) rule off To'g'ri javob: C) rule out ✔ 12. The contract must ___ by both parties. A) being signed B) be signed C) sign D) signed To'g'ri javob: B) be signed ✔ 13. Choose the correct particle: «The auditors will carry ... a full review of the accounts next month.» (= perform) A) away B) out C) over D) on To'g'ri javob: B) out ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 133 14. On the telephone, which phrase is used to ask the caller to wait? A) Could you hold the line, please? B) Call off, please. C) Put down, please. D) Hang up, please. To'g'ri javob: A) Could you hold the line, please?✔ 15. The bank refused ___ us the loan. A) to give B) giving C) given D) give To'g'ri javob: A) to give ✔ 16. A letter of complaint should ideally ... A) use aggressive language to get attention B) state the problem clearly, give relevant details and say what action is expected C) avoid mentioning any facts or dates D) be as long and emotional as possible To'g'ri javob: B) state the problem clearly, give relevant details and say what action is expected ✔ 17. In formal British business correspondence, a letter that begins «Dear Sir or Madam» should normally end with ... A) Best wishes B) Yours faithfully C) Yours sincerely D) Cheers To'g'ri javob: B) Yours faithfully ✔ 18. Which phrase expresses polite partial disagreement in a meeting? A) I see your point, but I'm not sure it would work in our market. B) That's completely wrong. C) You have no idea what you're talking about. D) No way, I disagree. To'g'ri javob: A) I see your point, but I'm not sure it would work in our market. ✔ 19. The building ___ when I visited the site, so I couldn't go inside. A) was renovating B) has been renovated C) was being renovated D) renovated To'g'ri javob: C) was being renovated ✔ 20. Which sentence is the most appropriate opening for a formal letter requesting information? A) I am writing to enquire about your corporate loan products. B) I write you because I want info about loans for firms. C) Give me the information about your company loans now. D) Hey, just tell me everything about your business loans. To'g'ri javob: A) I am writing to enquire about your corporate loan products. ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 134 21. The auditor insisted on ___ all the receipts. A) see B) to see C) seen D) seeing To'g'ri javob: D) seeing✔ 22. The firm got its website ___ after the cyberattack. A) rebuild B) to rebuild C) rebuilding D) rebuilt To'g'ri javob: D) rebuilt ✔ 23. Choose the correct particle: «Households are cutting ... on non-essential spending.» (= reducing) A) in B) out C) back D) off To'g'ri javob: C) back ✔ 24. The figures ___ while the auditors were waiting in the next room. A) had checking B) checked C) were being checked D) were checking To'g'ri javob: C) were being checked ✔ 25. Choose the correct particle: «Employees can opt ... of the company pension scheme if they wish.» (= choose not to participate) A) out B) down C) away D) off To'g'ri javob: A) out ✔ 26. I can't stand ___ in long queues at the bank. A) waiting B) waited C) to waiting D) wait To'g'ri javob: A) waiting ✔ 27. Your loan application ___ at the moment, so please wait. A) processes B) has processed C) is being processed D) is processing To'g'ri javob: C) is being processed ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 135 28. Choose the correct phrasal verb: «The bank ... our loan application because our cash flow was too weak.» (= rejected) A) turned out B) turned over C) turned down D) turned up To'g'ri javob: C) turned down✔ 29. The abbreviation «N.B.» in a document is used to ... A) indicate the end of the letter B) show a copy is attached C) draw attention to something important D) introduce an example To'g'ri javob: C) draw attention to something important ✔ 30. We are going to have new accounting software ___ next month. A) installed B) to install C) install D) installing To'g'ri javob: A) installed ✔ 31. Choose the correct sentence with «look forward». A) We are looking forward to meet you. B) We look forward meet you. C) We are looking forward meeting you. D) We are looking forward to meeting you. To'g'ri javob: D) We are looking forward to meeting you. ✔ 32. She got the IT department ___ her password. A) reset B) resetting C) resets D) to reset To'g'ri javob: D) to reset ✔ 33. We expect the market ___ next year. A) recover B) recovering C) recovered D) to recover To'g'ri javob: D) to recover ✔ 34. The «bcc» field in an email is used to ... A) request a read receipt B) attach large files C) send a copy without other recipients seeing that person's address D) mark a message as high priority To'g'ri javob: C) send a copy without other recipients seeing that person's address ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 136 35. English ___ as the working language in many international banks. A) uses B) has used C) is using D) is used To'g'ri javob: D) is used✔ 36. We ___ our accounts audited by an independent firm every year. A) get to B) let C) have D) make To'g'ri javob: C) have ✔ 37. I can't help ___ that the deal is too good to be true. A) felt B) feeling C) feel D) to feel To'g'ri javob: B) feeling ✔ 38. After ten years in trading, she is used ___ under pressure. A) to work B) working C) to working D) work To'g'ri javob: C) to working ✔ 39. It's not worth ___ the old system; we should buy a new one. A) repair B) to repair C) repaired D) repairing To'g'ri javob: D) repairing ✔ 40. Remember ___ the door when you leave the office. A) to lock B) locking C) locked D) lock To'g'ri javob: A) to lock ✔ 41. Choose the correct particle: «The finance director will stand ... for the CEO at tomorrow's press conference.» (= replace temporarily) A) by to B) out C) up D) in To'g'ri javob: D) in ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 137 42. We can't risk ___ our biggest client. A) lose B) losing C) lost D) to lose To'g'ri javob: B) losing✔ 43. The angry client asked ___ to the manager. A) spoken B) to speak C) speak D) speaking To'g'ri javob: B) to speak ✔ 44. Choose the correct particle: «The police have stepped ... their investigation into the fraud.» (= increased) A) down B) up C) out D) on To'g'ri javob: B) up ✔ 45. The abbreviation «ETA» in a logistics email refers to ... A) the export tax agreement B) the estimated time of arrival C) the end of trading account D) the exact transfer amount To'g'ri javob: B) the estimated time of arrival ✔ 46. The new pricing policy ___ yet. A) hasn't announced B) hasn't been announced C) isn't announcing D) didn't announce To'g'ri javob: B) hasn't been announced ✔ 47. Which phrase is most appropriate for politely interrupting a speaker in a meeting? A) Be quiet for a second. B) You are wrong, listen to me. C) Stop, I need to speak. D) Sorry to interrupt, but could I just add something here? To'g'ri javob: D) Sorry to interrupt, but could I just add something here? ✔ 48. Choose the correct particle: «The chief executive will step ... at the end of the year after 15 years in charge.» (= resign from a senior position) A) in B) out C) down D) up To'g'ri javob: C) down ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 138 49. Which phrase is most appropriate for drawing attention to a document sent with an email? A) I attach you the document B) Here is enclosed for you the file C) Please find attached the document D) Look at the thing I put in To'g'ri javob: C) Please find attached the document✔ 50. The company is said ___ heavily from the crisis in 2009. A) to be suffered B) suffering C) to suffer D) to have suffered To'g'ri javob: D) to have suffered ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 139 17-variant English • choose the correct answer 1. «I will call you tomorrow,» the manager told me last Monday. → The manager told me he ___ me the next day. A) calls B) will call C) would call D) had called To'g'ri javob: C) would call✔ 2. Which payment method authorises the RECIPIENT (for example, a utility company) to collect varying amounts directly from the payer's account? A) bank giro credit B) money order C) standing order D) direct debit To'g'ri javob: D) direct debit ✔ 3. Choose the correct form: «The bank collapsed largely because of ... (MANAGE) and poor risk control.» A) mismanagement B) manager C) management D) manageable To'g'ri javob: A) mismanagement ✔ 4. Which activity is most typical of INVESTMENT banking rather than retail banking? A) providing current accounts to individuals B) underwriting securities issues and advising on mergers C) issuing debit cards to households D) offering small personal loans through branches To'g'ri javob: B) underwriting securities issues and advising on mergers ✔ 5. In international trade, a document in which the importer's bank undertakes to pay the exporter once specified shipping documents are presented is a ... A) packing list B) bill of lading C) letter of credit D) certificate of origin To'g'ri javob: C) letter of credit ✔ 6. Choose the correct form: «The loan was rejected because of ... (SUFFICE) collateral.» A) unsufficient B) insufficient C) nonsufficient D) sufficiency To'g'ri javob: B) insufficient ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 140 7. Sales ___ by 8% in the third quarter of 2023. A) are falling B) fell C) have fallen D) have been falling To'g'ri javob: B) fell✔ 8. In finance, the term «liquidity» most precisely refers to ... A) the total value of a company's long-term debt B) how easily an asset can be converted into cash without a significant loss of value C) the ratio of a firm's profit to its sales revenue D) the rate at which prices rise in an economy To'g'ri javob: B) how easily an asset can be converted into cash without a significant loss of value ✔ 9. «Let's postpone the launch,» the CEO said. → The CEO suggested ___ the launch. A) postponing B) to postpone C) us to postpone D) postpone To'g'ri javob: A) postponing ✔ 10. Don't call him at 3 p.m.; he ___ the quarterly results to investors then. A) presents B) presented C) has presented D) will be presenting To'g'ri javob: D) will be presenting ✔ 11. By the time the market opened, the news ___ across the trading floor. A) already spreads B) has already spread C) is already spreading D) had already spread To'g'ri javob: D) had already spread ✔ 12. Choose the correct form: «The value of the shares has ... (WIDE) fluctuated over the past year.» A) widespread B) widen C) widely D) width To'g'ri javob: C) widely ✔ 13. I ___ my bank card. I can't find it anywhere. A) am losing B) had lost C) lose D) have lost To'g'ri javob: D) have lost ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 141 14. «I'll see you here tomorrow,» she said. → She said she would see me ___ the next day. A) this B) there C) here D) those To'g'ri javob: B) there✔ 15. «I think we should wait,» she said. → She suggested that we ___. A) waiting to B) must to wait C) to wait D) should wait To'g'ri javob: D) should wait ✔ 16. Choose the correct form: «The company publishes its audited financial statements ... (ANNUAL).» A) annual B) annuity C) anniversary D) annually To'g'ri javob: D) annually ✔ 17. He ___ his salary yet, so he can't pay the rent. A) isn't receiving B) hadn't received C) doesn't receive D) hasn't received To'g'ri javob: D) hasn't received ✔ 18. «Why did you sell the shares?» the analyst asked me. → The analyst asked me why ___ the shares. A) had I sold B) did I sell C) I had sold D) I have sold To'g'ri javob: C) I had sold ✔ 19. Choose the correct form: «Investors are nervous about the high ... (VOLATILE) of the stock market.» A) volatilise B) volatility C) volatilely D) volatile To'g'ri javob: B) volatility ✔ 20. Choose the correct form: «The ... (APPROVE) of the regulator is needed before the merger can go ahead.» A) approved B) approving C) approvingly D) approval To'g'ri javob: D) approval ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 142 21. Choose the correct form: «The bank offers loans at a ... (COMPARE) low rate of interest.» A) comparatively B) comparable C) comparison D) comparative To'g'ri javob: A) comparatively✔ 22. «Never share your password,» the bank tells its customers. → The bank tells its customers ___ their password. A) to never sharing B) never share C) not share D) never to share To'g'ri javob: D) never to share ✔ 23. I ___ this report all morning and I'm exhausted. A) have been writing B) had been writing C) write D) will have written To'g'ri javob: A) have been writing ✔ 24. The proportion of customer deposits that a central bank requires commercial banks to hold rather than lend out is the ... A) reserve requirement B) dividend payout C) capital gain D) loan-to-value ratio To'g'ri javob: A) reserve requirement ✔ 25. Please be quiet! The director ___ an important call with the regulator. A) has had B) is having C) has D) had been having To'g'ri javob: B) is having ✔ 26. «We may need more time,» they said. → They said they ___ more time. A) will need B) might need C) had needed D) may needed To'g'ri javob: B) might need ✔ 27. «Can you send me the invoice?» she asked. → She asked me ___ her the invoice. A) to send B) send C) sending D) that I send To'g'ri javob: A) to send ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 143 28. The company's shares ___ 15% since the announcement. A) rose B) have risen C) had raised D) are rising To'g'ri javob: B) have risen✔ 29. Choose the correct form: «The board ... (UNANIMOUS) approved the merger; nobody voted against it.» A) unanimous B) unanimousness C) unanimity D) unanimously To'g'ri javob: D) unanimously ✔ 30. When an investor buys a currency in one market and simultaneously sells it at a higher price in another market to make a risk-free profit, this is known as ... A) speculation B) arbitrage C) dumping D) hedging To'g'ri javob: B) arbitrage ✔ 31. A company that is unable to pay its debts as they fall due is described as ... A) insolvent B) solvent C) profitable D) liquid To'g'ri javob: A) insolvent ✔ 32. A series of equal payments made at regular intervals, for example a pension paid monthly for life, is called a(n) ... A) lump sum B) bullet payment C) perpetuity bond D) annuity To'g'ri javob: D) annuity ✔ 33. Choose the correct form: «The contract was ... (TERMINATE) because the supplier failed to deliver.» A) terminator B) termination C) terminated D) terminal To'g'ri javob: C) terminated ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 144 34. Choose the correct form of the word in brackets: «The main goal of the restructuring is to improve the company's ... (PROFIT).» A) profiteer B) profitable C) profitability D) profitably To'g'ri javob: C) profitability✔ 35. A long-term loan used to buy a house, in which the property itself serves as security, is called a(n) ... A) mortgage B) overdraft C) debenture D) annuity To'g'ri javob: A) mortgage ✔ 36. Choose the correct form: «Each ... (SHARE) receives one vote per share at the annual general meeting.» A) shared B) sharer C) shareholding D) shareholder To'g'ri javob: D) shareholder ✔ 37. The company ___ a new CEO next month; the board has already chosen her. A) has appointed B) appointed C) appoints D) is appointing To'g'ri javob: D) is appointing ✔ 38. The new regulations ___ into force on 1 January next year, as stated in the official decree. A) have come B) had come C) came D) come To'g'ri javob: D) come ✔ 39. Choose the correct form: «The ... (CONSUME) price index rose by 0.5% in May.» A) consumption B) consuming C) consumable D) consumer To'g'ri javob: D) consumer ✔ 40. He ___ me that the deal was off. A) said B) told C) announced D) explained To'g'ri javob: B) told ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 145 41. The «capital adequacy ratio» of a bank compares the bank's capital with its ... A) risk-weighted assets B) number of branches C) total deposits D) annual net profit To'g'ri javob: A) risk-weighted assets✔ 42. The volume of online payments ___ dramatically over the last decade. A) had grown B) is growing C) has grown D) grows To'g'ri javob: C) has grown ✔ 43. We will not sign the deal until our lawyers ___ the contract. A) will have reviewed B) have reviewed C) reviewed D) will review To'g'ri javob: B) have reviewed ✔ 44. This is the first time the company ___ a loss. A) is reporting B) had reported C) reports D) has reported To'g'ri javob: D) has reported ✔ 45. When a bank decides that a debt will never be repaid and removes it from its books as an asset, it ... the debt. A) securitises B) refinances C) writes off D) rolls over To'g'ri javob: C) writes off ✔ 46. «How long have you worked here?» the interviewer asked me. → The interviewer asked me how long ___ there. A) did I work B) had I worked C) I have been worked D) I had worked To'g'ri javob: D) I had worked ✔ 47. A prolonged period during which share prices fall and investor pessimism prevails is described as a ... A) grey market B) black market C) bull market D) bear market To'g'ri javob: D) bear market ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 146 48. «Who approved this payment?» the auditor asked. → The auditor asked who ___ that payment. A) had he approved B) had approved C) did approve D) has been approved To'g'ri javob: B) had approved✔ 49. Money or documents held by an independent third party until the conditions of a transaction have been fulfilled are said to be held in ... A) trust fund B) escrow C) reserve D) arrears To'g'ri javob: B) escrow ✔ 50. «I'm meeting the investors this week,» he said a month ago. → He said he was meeting the investors ___. A) last week B) this week C) next week D) that week To'g'ri javob: D) that week ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 147 18-variant English • choose the correct answer 1. Choose the correct preposition: «... the terms of the agreement, the supplier must deliver within ten days.» A) With B) On C) In D) Under To'g'ri javob: D) Under✔ 2. How ___ employees does the bank have? A) many B) much C) a lot D) lot To'g'ri javob: A) many ✔ 3. Both of the reports ___ errors. A) contain B) has contained C) is containing D) contains To'g'ri javob: A) contain ✔ 4. Visitors ___ park in the director's space under any circumstances. A) need not B) might not C) must not D) don't have to To'g'ri javob: C) must not ✔ 5. A tax imposed on imported goods is called a ... A) subsidy B) levy on exports C) tariff D) quota To'g'ri javob: C) tariff ✔ 6. He ___ be the new CFO — he's only been with the company for a month! A) can't B) needn't C) doesn't have to D) mustn't To'g'ri javob: A) can't ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 148 7. Ten per cent of the profit ___ reinvested last year. A) was B) were C) are D) have been To'g'ri javob: A) was✔ 8. The majority of employees ___ in favour of flexible working hours. A) was being B) are C) has been D) is To'g'ri javob: B) are ✔ 9. The difference between the maximum price consumers are willing to pay and the price they actually pay is called ... A) consumer surplus B) economic rent C) deadweight loss D) producer surplus To'g'ri javob: A) consumer surplus ✔ 10. Choose the correct preposition: «There has been a sharp rise ... the number of online transactions.» A) in B) at C) on D) of To'g'ri javob: A) in ✔ 11. Choose the correct preposition: «The losses resulted ... poor risk management.» (effect ← cause) A) from B) in C) to D) with To'g'ri javob: A) from ✔ 12. A legal maximum price set by the government below the market equilibrium price is likely to cause ... A) a surplus B) deflation C) a shortage D) a fall in demand To'g'ri javob: C) a shortage ✔ 13. Tea and coffee, where a rise in the price of one tends to increase demand for the other, are examples of ... A) public goods B) complementary goods C) substitute goods D) inferior goods To'g'ri javob: C) substitute goods ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 149 14. In the end we ___ hire extra staff; the old team handled the workload. A) needn't B) couldn't C) didn't need to D) mustn't To'g'ri javob: C) didn't need to✔ 15. Despite the crisis, the bank ___ raise new capital in March. A) could B) was able to C) must D) can To'g'ri javob: B) was able to ✔ 16. Choose the correct preposition: «There is a serious shortage ... skilled IT staff in the banking sector.» A) for B) of C) in D) at To'g'ri javob: B) of ✔ 17. There are ___ banks in this street than in the next one. A) little B) a few C) less D) fewer To'g'ri javob: D) fewer ✔ 18. Choose the correct preposition: «The success of the project depends ... the support of local investors.» A) on B) of C) in D) from To'g'ri javob: A) on ✔ 19. ___ of the two proposals is acceptable; we need a third option. A) Both B) Neither C) Either D) None To'g'ri javob: B) Neither ✔ 20. A rule of thumb often used in the media defines a ... as two consecutive quarters of negative real GDP growth. A) depression B) recession C) recovery D) slowdown in inflation To'g'ri javob: B) recession ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 150 21. A sustained fall in the general price level is called ... A) disinflation B) stagnation C) deflation D) recession To'g'ri javob: C) deflation✔ 22. The principle that each additional unit of a good consumed gives less extra satisfaction than the previous one is known as ... A) diminishing marginal utility B) comparative advantage C) economies of scope D) the law of supply To'g'ri javob: A) diminishing marginal utility ✔ 23. She ___ speak three languages fluently, which helps her with international clients. A) can B) should C) needs D) must To'g'ri javob: A) can ✔ 24. The restructuring project required ___ effort. A) many B) a great deal of C) several D) a large number of To'g'ri javob: B) a great deal of ✔ 25. Applicants ___ to provide two references. A) are required B) can C) must D) should To'g'ri javob: A) are required ✔ 26. Would you like ___ coffee before the meeting starts? A) some B) a few C) many D) few To'g'ri javob: A) some ✔ 27. Will you ___ attend the board meeting next week? A) may B) be able to C) can D) could To'g'ri javob: B) be able to ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 151 28. ___ employee must sign the code of conduct. A) Many B) All C) Both D) Every To'g'ri javob: D) Every✔ 29. When I was a junior analyst, I ___ work 12 hours a day without getting tired. A) could B) must C) can D) was able To'g'ri javob: A) could ✔ 30. Choose the correct preposition: «The company grew rapidly, but ... the expense of its profit margins.» A) at B) on C) for D) by To'g'ri javob: A) at ✔ 31. ___ of the staff were invited to the conference — all 200 of them. A) Both B) All C) Every D) Each To'g'ri javob: B) All ✔ 32. A statistical measure of income inequality, where 0 represents perfect equality and 1 represents perfect inequality, is the ... A) price elasticity B) Gini coefficient C) consumer price index D) Human Development Index To'g'ri javob: B) Gini coefficient ✔ 33. Value added tax (VAT) is an example of a(n) ... tax, because it is levied on spending rather than directly on income. A) corporate B) direct C) progressive D) indirect To'g'ri javob: D) indirect ✔ 34. I ___ read a balance sheet when I started university, but now I analyse them every day. A) needn't B) couldn't C) shouldn't D) mustn't To'g'ri javob: B) couldn't ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 152 35. Inflation caused by rising production costs, such as higher wages or energy prices, is described as ... inflation. A) headline B) cost-push C) demand-pull D) creeping To'g'ri javob: B) cost-push✔ 36. Choose the correct preposition: «Exporters can insure their receivables ... non-payment by foreign buyers.» A) for B) against C) from D) of To'g'ri javob: B) against ✔ 37. Choose the correct preposition: «Fortunately, the construction project is ... schedule and within budget.» A) on B) at C) by D) in To'g'ri javob: A) on ✔ 38. The lights in his office are still on, so he ___ still be working. A) shouldn't B) needn't C) can't D) must To'g'ri javob: D) must ✔ 39. Choose the correct preposition: «Demand ... gold usually increases during periods of uncertainty.» A) on B) for C) to D) of To'g'ri javob: B) for ✔ 40. Junior staff ___ access confidential files without permission. A) are not allowed to B) are not able C) needn't D) don't have to To'g'ri javob: A) are not allowed to ✔ 41. I ___ go to the meeting yesterday because my manager went instead. A) mustn't B) didn't have to C) can't D) needn't To'g'ri javob: B) didn't have to ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 153 42. ___ of us wants to work overtime this weekend. A) Not B) No C) Nobody D) None To'g'ri javob: D) None✔ 43. The bank lent money to ___ small businesses. A) little B) a little C) many D) much To'g'ri javob: C) many ✔ 44. Choose the correct preposition: «The company borrowed $2 million ... a consortium of banks.» A) by B) from C) to D) of To'g'ri javob: B) from ✔ 45. A physical limit on the quantity of a good that may be imported during a given period is an import ... A) quota B) embargo C) tariff D) duty To'g'ri javob: A) quota ✔ 46. The «invisible hand», the idea that individuals pursuing self-interest can unintentionally benefit society through markets, is associated with ... A) Milton Friedman B) Adam Smith C) Karl Marx D) John Maynard Keynes To'g'ri javob: B) Adam Smith ✔ 47. Choose the correct preposition: «Most of the shareholders voted ... favour of the merger.» A) for B) in C) on D) at To'g'ri javob: B) in ✔ 48. Choose the correct preposition: «The bonds were sold ... a discount to their face value.» A) at B) on C) with D) in To'g'ri javob: A) at ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 154 49. There's no need to hurry. We ___ leave until 6 p.m. A) shouldn't B) don't have to C) mustn't D) can't To'g'ri javob: B) don't have to✔ 50. Government decisions about taxation and public spending are referred to as ... policy. A) fiscal B) trade C) industrial D) monetary To'g'ri javob: A) fiscal ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 155 19-variant English • choose the correct answer 1. Read the text and answer the question. Financial literacy is the ability to understand basic financial concepts such as interest, inflation and risk. Surveys in many countries show that a large share of adults cannot correctly answer simple questions about compound interest. People with low financial literacy are more likely to take on expensive debt and less likely to save for retirement. Many governments now include personal finance in school curricula. According to the text, what are people with low financial literacy more likely to do? A) Save for retirement B) Avoid borrowing altogether C) Take on expensive debt D) Invest in index funds To'g'ri javob: C) Take on expensive debt✔ 2. Choose the correct word: «Third-quarter earnings ... analysts' expectations by a wide margin.» A) succeeded B) proceeded C) preceded D) exceeded To'g'ri javob: D) exceeded ✔ 3. Read the text and answer the question. Insider trading is the buying or selling of securities by someone who has important information about a company that is not available to the public. It is illegal in most countries because it gives an unfair advantage and undermines investors' confidence in the fairness of markets. Regulators monitor unusual trading activity before major announcements to detect it. How do regulators try to detect insider trading? A) By requiring companies to publish no information B) By watching for unusual trading before major announcements C) By interviewing every shareholder each year D) By banning trading on company news To'g'ri javob: B) By watching for unusual trading before major announcements ✔ 4. Choose the correct adjective: «A ... debt is one that the lender does not expect to recover.» A) wrong B) evil C) bad D) poor To'g'ri javob: C) bad ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 156 5. Even if the bank ___ the loan, we would still need more funding. A) approved B) approves C) will approve D) has approved To'g'ri javob: A) approved✔ 6. Read the text and answer the question. Many banks now use artificial intelligence to assess loan applications. Algorithms can analyse large amounts of data quickly and may identify creditworthy borrowers who would be rejected by traditional methods. Nevertheless, regulators have warned that algorithms trained on historical data may reproduce past discrimination. Banks are therefore expected to be able to explain how their models reach decisions. What concern do regulators have about AI in lending? A) Algorithms may repeat discrimination found in historical data B) Algorithms make banks less profitable C) AI always rejects young borrowers D) AI is too slow to process applications To'g'ri javob: A) Algorithms may repeat discrimination found in historical data ✔ 7. Choose the correct word: «The bank is trying to ... new customers by offering free accounts for students.» A) attack B) attach C) attend D) attract To'g'ri javob: D) attract ✔ 8. Read the text and answer the question. Green bonds are debt securities whose proceeds are used to finance environmentally friendly projects, such as renewable energy or energy-efficient buildings. Investors are attracted by the opportunity to support sustainability while earning a return. To maintain credibility, issuers usually publish reports showing how the money has been spent. Without such transparency, they risk accusations of «greenwashing». Why do issuers of green bonds publish reports, according to the text? A) To calculate the interest payable B) To show how the money has been used and maintain credibility C) To meet requirements of the stock exchange listing only D) To advertise new bonds to investors To'g'ri javob: B) To show how the money has been used and maintain credibility ✔ 9. Choose the correct word: «The retailer ... heavy losses when consumer spending collapsed.» A) incurred B) inflicted C) induced D) afflicted To'g'ri javob: A) incurred ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 157 10. Choose the correct word: «The dissatisfied customer ... a formal complaint with the bank's ombudsman.» A) housed B) lodged C) settled D) seated To'g'ri javob: B) lodged✔ 11. Which sentence is a correct third conditional? A) If they had invested earlier, they would have made a profit. B) If they had invested earlier, they will make a profit. C) If they would have invested earlier, they had made a profit. D) If they invested earlier, they would have made a profit. To'g'ri javob: A) If they had invested earlier, they would have made a profit. ✔ 12. If only I ___ how to use this accounting software! A) know B) knew C) would know D) will know To'g'ri javob: B) knew ✔ 13. ___ we need now is a clear strategy. A) What B) That C) Which D) Who To'g'ri javob: A) What ✔ 14. Choose the correct word: «Following years of losses, the airline was forced to ... for bankruptcy.» A) file B) sign C) ask D) write To'g'ri javob: A) file ✔ 15. Read the text and answer the question. Stress tests are exercises in which regulators assess whether banks could survive severe but plausible economic shocks, such as a deep recession or a sharp fall in property prices. Banks that perform poorly may be required to raise more capital or limit dividend payments. Since the 2008 financial crisis, stress tests have become a regular part of banking supervision in many countries. What is the purpose of stress tests according to the text? A) To check the physical security of bank branches B) To measure customer satisfaction C) To test the speed of banks' IT systems D) To assess whether banks could survive severe economic shocks To'g'ri javob: D) To assess whether banks could survive severe economic shocks ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 158 16. Read the text and answer the question. Insider trading is the buying or selling of securities by someone who has important information about a company that is not available to the public. It is illegal in most countries because it gives an unfair advantage and undermines investors' confidence in the fairness of markets. Regulators monitor unusual trading activity before major announcements to detect it. Why is insider trading illegal, according to the text? A) It gives an unfair advantage and damages confidence in markets B) It always causes share prices to fall C) It is too difficult for ordinary investors to understand D) It increases the company's tax bill To'g'ri javob: A) It gives an unfair advantage and damages confidence in markets✔ 17. Choose the correct word: «To bring inflation down, the central bank decided to ... monetary policy.» A) shorten B) sharpen C) tighten D) thin To'g'ri javob: C) tighten ✔ 18. The new software is cheaper. ___, it is easier to use. A) However B) Instead C) Otherwise D) Moreover To'g'ri javob: D) Moreover ✔ 19. Read the text and answer the question. Leasing allows a company to use equipment without buying it outright. The firm makes regular payments to the leasing company for the right to use the asset. This preserves cash and can be attractive for businesses that need expensive machinery but lack the capital to purchase it. At the end of an operating lease, the asset is usually returned to the lessor. In the text, the word «lessor» refers to ... A) the company using the equipment B) the manufacturer of the machinery C) the bank that lends money to the user D) the leasing company that owns the asset To'g'ri javob: D) the leasing company that owns the asset ✔ 20. I wish I ___ more about investing when I was younger. A) would know B) knew C) had known D) have known To'g'ri javob: C) had known ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 159 21. Choose the correct word: «The family-owned company plans to ... public by listing its shares next year.» A) come B) become C) go D) turn To'g'ri javob: C) go✔ 22. This is the most profitable product ___ we have ever launched. A) what B) where C) that D) who To'g'ri javob: C) that ✔ 23. ___ the market was falling, we kept our shares. A) In spite of B) Despite C) Although D) However To'g'ri javob: C) Although ✔ 24. Choose the correct word: «The new advertising campaign is designed to ... sales among young customers.» A) boost B) rise C) arise D) grow up To'g'ri javob: A) boost ✔ 25. Choose the correct word: «We will ... an invoice as soon as the goods have been delivered.» A) issue B) publish C) emit D) exit To'g'ri javob: A) issue ✔ 26. The reason ___ I am calling is to discuss your account. A) why B) which C) what D) where To'g'ri javob: A) why ✔ 27. Unless the client ___ by Friday, we will cancel the order. A) paid B) doesn't pay C) will pay D) pays To'g'ri javob: D) pays ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 160 28. I wish our bank ___ longer opening hours. A) has B) had C) would have had D) will have To'g'ri javob: B) had✔ 29. If interest rates had stayed low, house prices ___ rising. A) will have kept B) kept C) would have kept D) will keep To'g'ri javob: C) would have kept ✔ 30. If I ___ you, I would accept the offer. A) will be B) were C) am D) had been To'g'ri javob: B) were ✔ 31. Read the text and answer the question. Green bonds are debt securities whose proceeds are used to finance environmentally friendly projects, such as renewable energy or energy-efficient buildings. Investors are attracted by the opportunity to support sustainability while earning a return. To maintain credibility, issuers usually publish reports showing how the money has been spent. Without such transparency, they risk accusations of «greenwashing». In the context of the text, «greenwashing» most likely means ... A) falsely presenting an investment as environmentally beneficial B) cleaning polluted industrial sites C) investing only in agricultural projects D) issuing bonds in green-coloured paper To'g'ri javob: A) falsely presenting an investment as environmentally beneficial ✔ 32. Choose the correct word: «Five construction companies ... bids for the new airport contract.» A) admitted B) permitted C) committed D) submitted To'g'ri javob: D) submitted ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 161 33. Read the text and answer the question. Cash flow and profit are not the same thing. A company can report a profit on its income statement while running out of cash, for instance if customers take a long time to pay. This is why many small businesses that appear profitable still fail. Managers therefore monitor cash flow forecasts as closely as profit figures. What is the main point of the text? A) Profit is more important than cash flow B) Small businesses should avoid customers who pay late C) Profitable firms never fail D) A profitable firm can still fail because of cash shortages To'g'ri javob: D) A profitable firm can still fail because of cash shortages✔ 34. If she had taken the job in London, she ___ in the UK now. A) lives B) would have lived C) will live D) would be living To'g'ri javob: D) would be living ✔ 35. Choose the correct word: «The bank refused to ... the company a loan because of its poor credit history.» A) grant B) assign C) admit D) concede To'g'ri javob: A) grant ✔ 36. I'd rather you ___ the client about the delay yourself. A) tell B) have told C) told D) will tell To'g'ri javob: C) told ✔ 37. The analyst ___ wrote this report has left the company. A) which B) who C) whom D) whose To'g'ri javob: B) who ✔ 38. ___ the high interest rates, demand for mortgages remained strong. A) Even though B) Despite C) However D) Although To'g'ri javob: B) Despite ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 162 39. Read the text and answer the question. Stress tests are exercises in which regulators assess whether banks could survive severe but plausible economic shocks, such as a deep recession or a sharp fall in property prices. Banks that perform poorly may be required to raise more capital or limit dividend payments. Since the 2008 financial crisis, stress tests have become a regular part of banking supervision in many countries. What may happen to a bank that performs poorly in a stress test? A) It receives extra deposits from the government B) It is automatically closed C) It must merge with another bank immediately D) It may have to raise capital or restrict dividends To'g'ri javob: D) It may have to raise capital or restrict dividends✔ 40. Read the text and answer the question. The price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio compares a company's share price with its earnings per share. A high P/E ratio may suggest that investors expect strong future growth, while a low ratio may indicate that a share is undervalued or that the company faces difficulties. Comparing P/E ratios is most meaningful between companies in the same industry. According to the text, when is comparing P/E ratios most meaningful? A) When the companies operate in the same industry B) When the companies pay no dividends C) When the companies are in different countries D) When one company is much larger than the other To'g'ri javob: A) When the companies operate in the same industry ✔ 41. Imagine you ___ the CEO. What changes would you make? A) are being B) were C) will be D) have been To'g'ri javob: B) were ✔ 42. If you heat ice, it ___. A) would melt B) will have melted C) melted D) melts To'g'ri javob: D) melts ✔ 43. Choose the correct word: «Managers must ... a balance between cost control and product quality.» A) hit B) strike C) beat D) knock To'g'ri javob: B) strike ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 163 44. Read the text and answer the question. Central banks raise interest rates when inflation is above target. Higher rates make borrowing more expensive for households and firms. As a result, spending and investment slow down, which reduces pressure on prices. However, the full effect of a rate change on inflation is usually felt only after a delay of one to two years. According to the text, how does a rise in interest rates reduce inflation? A) By immediately raising the wages of workers B) By making borrowing more expensive, which slows spending and investment C) By directly lowering the prices of imported goods D) By increasing the amount of money that banks can lend To'g'ri javob: B) By making borrowing more expensive, which slows spending and investment✔ 45. ___ his lack of experience, he was offered the job. A) Although B) Even though C) Whereas D) In spite of To'g'ri javob: D) In spite of ✔ 46. The bank offers loans; ___, it provides investment advice. A) otherwise B) in addition C) however D) therefore To'g'ri javob: B) in addition ✔ 47. She took a course ___ improve her financial skills. A) for B) in order to C) so that D) in order that To'g'ri javob: B) in order to ✔ 48. Choose the correct sentence with «despite». A) In spite sales fell, profits rose. B) Despite sales fell, profits rose. C) Despite the fact that sales fell, profits rose. D) Despite of the fact that sales fell, profits rose. To'g'ri javob: C) Despite the fact that sales fell, profits rose. ✔ 49. Only if the board agrees ___ the merger. A) proceed we with B) we proceed with C) we will proceed with D) will we proceed with To'g'ri javob: D) will we proceed with ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 164 50. The plan is risky. ___, it could bring high returns. A) For example B) As a result C) In addition D) On the other hand To'g'ri javob: D) On the other hand✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 165 20-variant English • choose the correct answer 1. Has the invoice ___ yet? A) be paid B) been paid C) paid D) being paid To'g'ri javob: B) been paid✔ 2. I'd rather ___ by train than by plane. A) travel B) to travel C) travelled D) travelling To'g'ri javob: A) travel ✔ 3. It's important ___ the risks before investing. A) understand B) understood C) understanding D) to understand To'g'ri javob: D) to understand ✔ 4. Which sentence is the most appropriate first reminder about an unpaid invoice? A) Why have you still not paid invoice No. 2041? This is completely unacceptable to us. B) Hey, you forgot about invoice No. 2041 again. Just send the money when you can, OK? C) Invoice No. 2041 is unpaid. Pay it today or we will take you to court immediately. D) According to our records, invoice No. 2041 remains unpaid. We would be grateful if you could settle it soon. To'g'ri javob: D) According to our records, invoice No. 2041 remains unpaid. We would be grateful ✔ if you could settle it soon. 5. He is expected ___ the company by the end of the year. A) leave B) to leave C) to be left D) leaving To'g'ri javob: B) to leave ✔ 6. The manager let us ___ early on Friday. A) leave B) leaving C) left D) to leave To'g'ri javob: A) leave ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 166 7. The goods ___ to the warehouse yesterday. A) delivered B) were delivered C) are delivered D) have been delivered To'g'ri javob: B) were delivered✔ 8. Don't forget ___ the client before Friday. A) called B) calling C) call D) to call To'g'ri javob: D) to call ✔ 9. It ___ that the company will report record profits. A) is expecting B) is expected C) has expected D) expects To'g'ri javob: B) is expected ✔ 10. The report ___ to the board tomorrow morning. A) will be presented B) will present C) presents D) is presenting To'g'ri javob: A) will be presented ✔ 11. Which phrase is typically used in a meeting to ask for someone's opinion? A) Let's ignore Aziz's view. B) Aziz, keep quiet. C) What's your view on this, Aziz? D) Aziz, you don't need to speak. To'g'ri javob: C) What's your view on this, Aziz? ✔ 12. Which sentence is the most appropriate way to decline an invitation formally? A) I refuse your invitation because your event is not interesting for our company. B) I can't come, I'm too busy with other things right now, maybe next time then. C) Thanks for the invite, but I really don't feel like coming to your event, sorry. D) Thank you for your kind invitation; unfortunately, I will be unable to attend due to a prior commitment. To'g'ri javob: D) Thank you for your kind invitation; unfortunately, I will be unable to attend due ✔ to a prior commitment. 13. Where ___ the new headquarters ___? A) is … building B) will … be built C) will … build D) does … built To'g'ri javob: B) will … be built ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 167 14. The bank is reported ___ its CEO last month. A) dismissing B) to be dismissed C) to have dismissed D) having been dismissed To'g'ri javob: C) to have dismissed✔ 15. Choose the correct particle: «Too much of the company's capital is tied ... in unsold stock.» (= unavailable for other use) A) off B) on C) up D) out To'g'ri javob: C) up ✔ 16. It's no use ___ about past losses. A) worried B) worrying C) worry D) to worry To'g'ri javob: B) worrying ✔ 17. Choose the correct sentence with «would like». A) I would like you checking these figures. B) I would like you check these figures. C) I would like that you check these figures. D) I would like you to check these figures. To'g'ri javob: D) I would like you to check these figures. ✔ 18. Choose the correct particle: «The bank is closing ... 50 branches as more customers bank online.» (= shutting permanently) A) off B) out C) away D) down To'g'ri javob: D) down ✔ 19. They made me ___ the report again. A) rewrite B) rewriting C) rewritten D) to rewrite To'g'ri javob: A) rewrite ✔ 20. Change to passive: «The bank is reviewing our application.» A) Our application is being reviewed by the bank. B) Our application is reviewed by the bank. C) Our application is reviewing by the bank. D) Our application has reviewed by the bank. To'g'ri javob: A) Our application is being reviewed by the bank. ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 168 21. Choose the correct phrasal verb: «The strike was ... at the last minute after management offered a pay rise.» (= cancelled) A) called off B) called in C) called up D) called for To'g'ri javob: A) called off✔ 22. The abbreviation «TBC» in a schedule means ... A) to be cancelled B) the bank's charges C) to be confirmed D) total budget cost To'g'ri javob: C) to be confirmed ✔ 23. I used ___ in a bank, but now I'm self-employed. A) to working B) to work C) work D) working To'g'ri javob: B) to work ✔ 24. Choose the correct particle: «I'm in a meeting right now. Can I call you ... in half an hour?» (= return your call) A) out B) back C) off D) over To'g'ri javob: B) back ✔ 25. She succeeded in ___ new investors. A) attracting B) to attract C) attracted D) attract To'g'ri javob: A) attracting ✔ 26. In a presentation, which phrase is used to move to the next point? A) In conclusion, ... B) Thank you for your attention. C) To sum up, ... D) Moving on to the next point, ... To'g'ri javob: D) Moving on to the next point, ... ✔ 27. Choose the correct particle: «After a slow start, sales picked ... in the second half of the year.» (= improved) A) on B) off C) up D) out To'g'ri javob: C) up ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 169 28. Which sentence is most appropriate for apologising to a client in a formal letter? A) It's not our fault the order is late. B) Please accept our apologies for the delay in delivering your order. C) Sorry, we were late, it happens. D) We apologise you about the delay. To'g'ri javob: B) Please accept our apologies for the delay in delivering your order.✔ 29. Which word in a formal email is the most appropriate replacement for «get» in «We got your letter of 5 May»? A) took B) received C) grabbed D) caught To'g'ri javob: B) received ✔ 30. In an email, «cc» means that ... A) the recipient must sign the document B) a copy is sent openly to other recipients C) the message is a reply to an earlier email D) the message is urgent To'g'ri javob: B) a copy is sent openly to other recipients ✔ 31. In a negotiation, which phrase is used to reject a proposal politely? A) I'm afraid that would be difficult for us to accept. B) We will never accept that. C) That's ridiculous. D) Absolutely not. To'g'ri javob: A) I'm afraid that would be difficult for us to accept. ✔ 32. Choose the correct phrasal verb: «It took us five years to ... the mortgage.» (= repay completely) A) pay off B) pay in C) pay up for D) pay back off To'g'ri javob: A) pay off ✔ 33. Choose the correct phrasal verb: «The bank will ... paper statements over the next two years and replace them with online statements.» (= gradually stop using) A) phase over B) phase out C) phase up D) phase in To'g'ri javob: B) phase out ✔ 34. Our small firm can't afford ___ new office equipment this year. A) bought B) buying C) to buy D) buy To'g'ri javob: C) to buy ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 170 35. Which phrase is most appropriate for making a suggestion in a meeting? A) You must do this. B) Why don't we consider outsourcing the IT support? C) Do it my way. D) It's obvious we should outsource. To'g'ri javob: B) Why don't we consider outsourcing the IT support?✔ 36. Choose the correct sentence with «good at». A) She is good at negotiating contracts. B) She is good at negotiate contracts. C) She is good in negotiate contracts. D) She is good to negotiating contracts. To'g'ri javob: A) She is good at negotiating contracts. ✔ 37. The manager wants us ___ overtime this week. A) working B) that we work C) work D) to work To'g'ri javob: D) to work ✔ 38. Choose the correct particle: «The new manager has to deal ... a large number of customer complaints.» (= handle) A) with B) for C) about D) on To'g'ri javob: A) with ✔ 39. Which phrase is used to refer to an earlier conversation at the start of a formal email? A) As we talked yesterday on phone B) According our phone call C) Further to our telephone conversation yesterday D) Regarding to our talk before To'g'ri javob: C) Further to our telephone conversation yesterday ✔ 40. Choose the correct particle: «A larger rival is planning to take ... the struggling airline.» (= gain control of) A) out B) up C) in D) over To'g'ri javob: D) over ✔ 41. The CEO ___ to be considering resignation. A) says B) is saying C) is said D) said To'g'ri javob: C) is said ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 171 42. Choose the correct phrasal verb: «We have ... printer paper; could you order some more?» (= used all of) A) run out of B) run over C) run up D) run into To'g'ri javob: A) run out of✔ 43. I need to get my laptop ___ before the business trip. A) repairing B) repaired C) to repair D) repair To'g'ri javob: B) repaired ✔ 44. Choose the correct particle: «The merger fell ... when the two sides failed to agree on price.» (= failed to happen) A) out B) off C) through D) back To'g'ri javob: C) through ✔ 45. I ___ by my boss to prepare the presentation. A) was asked B) have asked C) was asking D) asked To'g'ri javob: A) was asked ✔ 46. Choose the correct particle: «The new mobile app really took ... and gained a million users in a month.» (= became very successful) A) off B) on C) over D) up To'g'ri javob: A) off ✔ 47. The proposal is ___ by the committee right now. A) being discussed B) discussing C) been discussed D) discussed To'g'ri javob: A) being discussed ✔ 48. The annual report ___ by the auditors last week. A) was checked B) has checked C) is checking D) checked To'g'ri javob: A) was checked ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 172 49. Choose the correct particle: «The bookshop chain decided to branch ... into selling stationery and toys.» (= expand into a new area) A) up B) away C) out D) off To'g'ri javob: C) out✔ 50. Which sentence is most appropriate for acknowledging receipt of an order? A) Thank you for your order of 12 March, which we are now processing. B) Your order is here somewhere, we think, so wait. C) We got your order from last week and stuff. D) Your order came, OK, we will see what we can do. To'g'ri javob: A) Thank you for your order of 12 March, which we are now processing. ✔ BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 173 Javoblar kaliti Har bir variant bo'yicha: topshiriq raqami va to'g'ri javob. 1-variant 1- A 2- D 3- D 4- B 5- B 6- C 7- A 8- C 9- C 10- B 11- B 12- B 13- A 14- B 15- D 16- C 17- C 18- C 19- A 20- D 21- C 22- A 23- B 24- D 25- D 26- D 27- C 28- C 29- D 30- A 31- B 32- D 33- B 34- B 35- C 36- D 37- A 38- A 39- A 40- B 41- A 42- D 43- A 44- D 45- A 46- A 47- C 48- A 49- C 50- A 2-variant 1- B 2- C 3- B 4- B 5- B 6- A 7- D 8- A 9- B 10- C 11- B 12- A 13- D 14- A 15- D 16- C 17- C 18- A 19- C 20- C 21- D 22- D 23- D 24- C 25- D 26- D 27- B 28- D 29- C 30- D 31- A 32- A 33- C 34- D 35- D 36- B 37- A 38- D 39- A 40- C 41- B 42- A 43- C 44- A 45- B 46- D 47- C 48- C 49- C 50- B 3-variant 1- A 2- A 3- A 4- A 5- B 6- A 7- D 8- B 9- A 10- A 11- A 12- D 13- B 14- D 15- D 16- A 17- A 18- D 19- A 20- D 21- D 22- D 23- B 24- A 25- D 26- C 27- B 28- D 29- B 30- D 31- C 32- D 33- A 34- C 35- D 36- D 37- B 38- C 39- B 40- D 41- D 42- D 43- A 44- B 45- A 46- B 47- D 48- B 49- B 50- D 4-variant 1- B 2- B 3- B 4- A 5- D 6- B 7- A 8- A 9- A 10- A 11- A 12- C 13- A 14- C 15- C 16- C 17- A 18- A 19- D 20- A 21- B 22- B 23- A 24- A 25- C 26- A 27- D 28- D 29- D 30- B 31- B 32- C 33- C 34- D 35- C 36- D 37- B 38- C 39- B 40- C 41- A 42- C 43- B 44- D 45- D 46- B 47- D 48- C 49- A 50- B 5-variant 1- D 2- B 3- D 4- C 5- A 6- C 7- A 8- A 9- C 10- A 11- D 12- D 13- D 14- A 15- D 16- B 17- B 18- A 19- C 20- B 21- B 22- A 23- D 24- C 25- D 26- A 27- B 28- A 29- D 30- D 31- D 32- A 33- B 34- A 35- B 36- B 37- A 38- A 39- B 40- B 41- C 42- A 43- D 44- A 45- A 46- A 47- C 48- D 49- D 50- C 6-variant 1- C 2- D 3- B 4- D 5- A 6- C 7- B 8- C 9- B 10- A 11- C 12- C 13- A 14- B 15- D 16- D 17- A 18- A 19- B 20- D 21- B 22- C 23- C 24- D 25- C 26- A 27- B 28- A 29- A 30- D 31- D 32- C 33- A 34- D 35- B 36- A 37- D 38- D 39- A 40- A BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 174 41- D 42- D 43- D 44- A 45- B 46- B 47- D 48- C 49- C 50- D 7-variant 1- C 2- B 3- D 4- A 5- D 6- C 7- D 8- D 9- A 10- C 11- C 12- A 13- A 14- C 15- A 16- D 17- D 18- A 19- C 20- D 21- D 22- B 23- A 24- D 25- D 26- D 27- A 28- B 29- C 30- A 31- B 32- D 33- C 34- C 35- B 36- B 37- B 38- C 39- A 40- C 41- D 42- A 43- D 44- C 45- A 46- A 47- D 48- D 49- B 50- A 8-variant 1- B 2- D 3- B 4- C 5- B 6- D 7- C 8- B 9- C 10- D 11- D 12- C 13- D 14- C 15- D 16- B 17- C 18- B 19- C 20- C 21- B 22- D 23- C 24- A 25- C 26- D 27- A 28- A 29- D 30- A 31- B 32- D 33- A 34- B 35- C 36- C 37- C 38- D 39- B 40- B 41- B 42- B 43- A 44- D 45- B 46- D 47- D 48- C 49- A 50- C 9-variant 1- D 2- C 3- A 4- C 5- A 6- B 7- B 8- D 9- D 10- C 11- D 12- A 13- D 14- C 15- D 16- C 17- D 18- D 19- A 20- D 21- B 22- B 23- C 24- A 25- B 26- B 27- C 28- B 29- C 30- B 31- C 32- D 33- A 34- A 35- A 36- A 37- A 38- A 39- C 40- D 41- A 42- A 43- D 44- C 45- A 46- C 47- C 48- B 49- A 50- B 10-variant 1- B 2- C 3- C 4- A 5- A 6- A 7- D 8- B 9- B 10- A 11- B 12- A 13- B 14- A 15- D 16- A 17- D 18- B 19- A 20- D 21- C 22- C 23- B 24- D 25- A 26- C 27- B 28- C 29- C 30- B 31- D 32- A 33- B 34- B 35- A 36- B 37- C 38- D 39- D 40- C 41- C 42- C 43- B 44- B 45- D 46- C 47- C 48- C 49- C 50- C 11-variant 1- D 2- B 3- C 4- D 5- D 6- D 7- D 8- B 9- D 10- B 11- C 12- C 13- D 14- D 15- B 16- C 17- A 18- D 19- D 20- C 21- A 22- D 23- A 24- D 25- D 26- A 27- B 28- A 29- A 30- A 31- B 32- D 33- C 34- A 35- D 36- C 37- D 38- B 39- D 40- B 41- A 42- B 43- C 44- A 45- A 46- C 47- B 48- D 49- C 50- B 12-variant 1- A 2- A 3- C 4- D 5- A 6- D 7- C 8- A 9- D 10- C 11- D 12- B 13- A 14- A 15- C 16- D 17- D 18- D 19- B 20- B 21- C 22- C 23- A 24- B 25- A 26- A 27- C 28- B 29- A 30- B 31- B 32- A 33- D 34- B 35- D 36- D 37- B 38- B 39- B 40- D 41- A 42- B 43- A 44- A 45- B 46- D 47- D 48- D 49- A 50- B BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 175 13-variant 1- B 2- B 3- C 4- D 5- D 6- C 7- A 8- C 9- C 10- D 11- C 12- A 13- A 14- B 15- D 16- C 17- A 18- B 19- D 20- A 21- D 22- B 23- B 24- D 25- D 26- D 27- A 28- C 29- D 30- A 31- B 32- C 33- D 34- A 35- C 36- B 37- B 38- A 39- C 40- B 41- B 42- B 43- B 44- B 45- A 46- C 47- C 48- B 49- A 50- B 14-variant 1- A 2- C 3- B 4- B 5- A 6- D 7- D 8- A 9- B 10- B 11- A 12- B 13- A 14- A 15- D 16- D 17- D 18- D 19- D 20- D 21- B 22- C 23- B 24- B 25- B 26- D 27- C 28- B 29- B 30- C 31- C 32- C 33- D 34- B 35- B 36- A 37- A 38- A 39- D 40- D 41- B 42- B 43- B 44- D 45- B 46- C 47- A 48- A 49- A 50- A 15-variant 1- D 2- C 3- D 4- D 5- A 6- B 7- C 8- D 9- B 10- A 11- B 12- A 13- B 14- C 15- A 16- C 17- C 18- A 19- C 20- C 21- C 22- D 23- D 24- A 25- B 26- D 27- C 28- D 29- C 30- C 31- C 32- B 33- A 34- C 35- A 36- B 37- B 38- B 39- D 40- D 41- B 42- B 43- D 44- C 45- A 46- C 47- A 48- B 49- A 50- D 16-variant 1- C 2- D 3- C 4- B 5- C 6- B 7- A 8- C 9- C 10- C 11- C 12- B 13- B 14- A 15- A 16- B 17- B 18- A 19- C 20- A 21- D 22- D 23- C 24- C 25- A 26- A 27- C 28- C 29- C 30- A 31- D 32- D 33- D 34- C 35- D 36- C 37- B 38- C 39- D 40- A 41- D 42- B 43- B 44- B 45- B 46- B 47- D 48- C 49- C 50- D 17-variant 1- C 2- D 3- A 4- B 5- C 6- B 7- B 8- B 9- A 10- D 11- D 12- C 13- D 14- B 15- D 16- D 17- D 18- C 19- B 20- D 21- A 22- D 23- A 24- A 25- B 26- B 27- A 28- B 29- D 30- B 31- A 32- D 33- C 34- C 35- A 36- D 37- D 38- D 39- D 40- B 41- A 42- C 43- B 44- D 45- C 46- D 47- D 48- B 49- B 50- D 18-variant 1- D 2- A 3- A 4- C 5- C 6- A 7- A 8- B 9- A 10- A 11- A 12- C 13- C 14- C 15- B 16- B 17- D 18- A 19- B 20- B 21- C 22- A 23- A 24- B 25- A 26- A 27- B 28- D 29- A 30- A 31- B 32- B 33- D 34- B 35- B 36- B 37- A 38- D 39- B 40- A 41- B 42- D 43- C 44- B 45- A 46- B 47- B 48- A 49- B 50- A BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 176 19-variant 1- C 2- D 3- B 4- C 5- A 6- A 7- D 8- B 9- A 10- B 11- A 12- B 13- A 14- A 15- D 16- A 17- C 18- D 19- D 20- C 21- C 22- C 23- C 24- A 25- A 26- A 27- D 28- B 29- C 30- B 31- A 32- D 33- D 34- D 35- A 36- C 37- B 38- B 39- D 40- A 41- B 42- D 43- B 44- B 45- D 46- B 47- B 48- C 49- D 50- D 20-variant 1- B 2- A 3- D 4- D 5- B 6- A 7- B 8- D 9- B 10- A 11- C 12- D 13- B 14- C 15- C 16- B 17- D 18- D 19- A 20- A 21- A 22- C 23- B 24- B 25- A 26- D 27- C 28- B 29- B 30- B 31- A 32- A 33- B 34- C 35- B 36- A 37- D 38- A 39- C 40- D 41- C 42- A 43- B 44- C 45- A 46- A 47- A 48- A 49- C 50- A BMA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 177

BANK-MOLIYA AKADEMIYASI: INGLIZ TILI

Magistraturaga kirish test sinoviga tayyorgarlik: variantlar to'plami (2026– 2027)

20 ta variant • 1000 ta topshiriq • javoblari bilan

Mashq to'plami • 2025–2026 o'quv yili

Imtihon tuzilishi va yo'riqnoma

• Bank-moliya akademiyasi magistraturasiga kirish test sinovlari Bilim va malakalarni baholash agentligi bilan hamkorlikda o'tkaziladi. 2026-yilgi qabulda test 5-sentabrda bo'lib o'tdi (3700 dan ortiq abituriyent qatnashgan).

• Test fanlari: mutaxassislikka oid iqtisodiyot fani va ingliz tili. Natija 100 ballik tizimda: mutaxassislik fani — 64 ball, ingliz tili — 36 ball. Kamida B2 darajadagi ingliz tili sertifikatiga ega abituriyentlar ingliz tili o'rniga mutaxassislik fanlaridan test topshiradi.

• Minimal o'tish bali — maksimal ballning kamida 30 foizi; eng yuqori ball to'plaganlar kvota doirasida tavsiya etiladi. Test fanlari bo'yicha rasmiy dasturlar akademiya saytida (admission.bfa.uz) test oldidan e'lon qilinadi.

• Har bir fandan savollar soni rasmiy manbada ko'rsatilmagan, shu sababli to'plam 20 ta variant × 50 ta savol ko'rinishida tuzildi. To'g'ri javob har bir savol ostida yashil rangda, hujjat oxirida javoblar kaliti bor.

• Muhim: rasmiy test savollari ochiq e'lon qilinmaydi. Bu fan dasturlari asosida tuzilgan mashq savollari.

Sotib olish