O’rta Osiyoda Transboundary ekologik muammolar - Экология - Презентации

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O’rta Osiyoda Transboundary ekologik muammolar

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http://www.sec.org.sg O’rta Osiyoda Transboundary ekologik muammolar www.eco.uz

Orol dengizi qurishi ustida olib borilgan tadqiqotlar ekosistemaga salbiy ta’sir qiladigan har qanday harakat noaniq xulosalarga olib kelishini ko’rsatadi.

Orol dengiziga nisbatan o’tkazilgan ekologik ta’sirlar atrof-muhit boshqaruvida keskin o’zgarishlarni keltirib chiqaradi.

1960 • Orol dengizi hududi 68,9ming km2 • Suv hajmi 1083km3 • Manbaalar-Amudaryo va Sirdaryo Kechagi Orol dengizi

ARAL TODAY • The volume reduced for more than 15 times. • The area reduced for more than 7 times. • The water level decreased to 29 meters. • Coastline receded in hundreds kilometers. • In the western parts salinity level reached 130 grams/liter, in the eastern parts – 300 grams/liter.

The dried part of Aral Sea turned into a salty desert with more than 5.0 mln hectares territory. Dust and salt storms pollute hundreds kilometers. Aralkum – the new desert

2013-2015 Uzbekistan’s chairmanship in International Foundation of Aral sea Salvation.

The main course for the Foundation will be focused on the following conceptual approaches: I. Creation of conditions for habitation, reproduction and preservation of the Aral sea basin gene pool; II. Support the system of natural reservoirs in the Aral sea basin; III. Realization of wide-scale measures for foresting on the dried part of the Aral sea and prevention of desertification; IV. Preservation of biodiversity, recovering of biological resources, conservation of flora and fauna; V. Further development of institutional basis and strengthening the cooperation among countries of the region within Foundation; VI. Enhancement of cooperation with international financial institutions and donor-counties within the framework of recovering the Aral sea basin region and softening of Aral crisis

Given this background, it is worrying that countries located in the rivers’ upstream are using transboundary waters in manner that contradicts internationally accepted norms and principles. They are Rogun HPS in Tajikistan and Kambarata HPSs in Kyrgyzstan.

ROGUN HYDROELECTRIC POWER STATION PROJECT • dam height of 335 meters • tectonic break under the Rogun HPS filled by rock salt with the depth of 100 meters • natural catastrophes occur periodically in the area with the magnitude of 9 or more by the Richter’s scale

In the case of Rogun HPS’s dam break: - wave height at the starting point: 200 meters ; - wave velocity in the first 4-5 km: 40-129 m/s ;

• at the end point (the Republic of Karakalpakstan, more than 1400 km away from the Rogun HPS) wave will reach a height of 6-7 meters; • the whole cascade of downstream HPSs will be destroyed (Nurek HPS, Vakhsh cascade №1, №2, Perepadnaya HPS №1, №2, Sangtuda HPS №1 and №2); • the area of 1.3-1.5 million hectares, more than 700 settlements in the territory of Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan inhabited by about 6.7 million people will be flooded.

It would take 8 years to fill the Rogun HPS’s reservoir up to its project capacity of 13.3 cu. km.

These issues were discussed in detail at a meeting of the Ecomovement with responsible officials of the World Bank, prominent non-governmental organizations in United States, other international organizations, who noted that concerns of Uzbekistan about Rogun HPS project are reasonable and fair.

KAMBARATA HPS-1 PROJECT • dam height of 275 meters • capacity of the reservoir 4,7 cu. km. • high probability of earthquake with seismic intensity of 9-10 , land and rockslide activities

Man-caused risks and threats of Kambarata HPS-1 Project • The engineering part of the Kambarata HPS-1 Project is doubtful. • Mistakes made during the construction of Kambarata HPS-2, such as an explosion in the mountains, once again point to the fact that post-factum there will be no way to fix the error!

Considering that there are areas of storage and enrichment of radioactive waste ‘Minkush’ and ‘Maili-Suu’ as well as uranium tailings in the floodplain of Syrdarya river basin, the scale of this environmental disaster in Central Asia can be compared to the "Japanese“ one. Man-caused risks and threats of Kambarata HPS-1 Project

• As a result of runoff reduction the direct yield losses of Uzbekistan in 5 years will reach USD 20.6 billion • According to the estimates of researchers from the University of New Mexico and North Dakota: annually USD 600 million of losses in agriculture, reducing GDP by 2% , 300 000 unemployed.

Currently SUE "Talco" remains the largest consumer of electricity. Moreover, despite the poor performance, the company buys electricity at a subsidized rate, leaving the people of Tajikistan to suffer.

The most dangerous ingredient of these emissions is hydrogen fluoride, with annual emissions of about 220 tons , which negatively affects the health and gene pool of the population.

In pursuit of geopolitical interests, some countries use transboundary waters as a multifunctional tool for creating tension and destabilization of the socio-political situation in multinational region.

Transboundary water issues ‘can not be solved solely’. The countries of the region should decide together what and where to build. Today it is the interests of the entire population of Central Asia.

No country has the right to use the water at the expense of violating the interests of its neighbors. No country has the right to put its population and populations of neighboring countries under the threat on the pretext of realization of huge but dangerous projects.

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