Java tilida takrorlanuvchi jarayonlar va parametr bo‘yicha dasturlash
![parametr bo‘yicha Java dasturlash tilida tasvirlash uchun, albatta, takrorlanish soniga
e’tibor berish kerak. Parametr bo‘yicha takrorlanuvchi jarayonlarga, masalan, birdan
n gacha sonlarning ma’lum bir darajalarini yig’indisini topish kabi misollar kiradi.
Bunda takrorlanish soni aniq, ya’ni birdan dan n gacha deb berilyapti.
Parametr bo‘yicha takrorlanuvchi jarayonlar takrorlanish oshishi yoki
kamayishiga qarab ikki turga bo‘linadi:
- birdan boshlab qadam 1 ga teng bo‘lgan takrorlanish(1-tur);
- a dan boshlab qadam -1 ga teng bo‘lgan takrorlanish(2-tur);
- a dan boshlab b gacha qadam x ga teng bo‘lgan takrorlanish(3-tur).
Takrorlanuvchi jarayonlarni dasturlash vaqtida takrorlanish qadami birga oshib
borilsa, birinchi turdan foydaliniladi. Takrorlanishning parameter bo‘yicha for sikl
operatorining umumiy ko‘rinishi quyidagicha.
for( o’zgaruvchi=bosh_qiymat; shart; qadam)
{ operatorlar; }
For operatori takrorlanish sonining boshlang’ich qiymatidan boshlanib shart
buzilish holatigacha qadam bo’yicha takrorlanishni amalga oshiradi.
Misol. 1 dan n gacha sonlarning 4-darajalarini hamda ularning yig’indisi va
ko’paytmasini hisoblash dasturini tuzing.
package com.company;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner kirit= new Scanner(System.in );
int n; double s= 0 ,p= 1 ;
System.
out .print( "n=" );
n=kirit.nextInt();
for ( int i= 1 ;i<=n;i++){
s+=Math.
pow (i, 4 ); //yig'indi
p*=Math. pow (i, 4 ); //ko'paytma
System. out .println(i+ "^" +i+ "=" +i*i*i*i);](https://docx.uz/documents/fd557c16-9492-4aae-8255-9b80106aeafd/page_3.png?v=1)
![}
System.out .println( "s=" +s);
System.
out .println( "p=" +p);
}
}
Natija
n=5
1^1=1
2^2=16
3^3=81
4^4=256
5^5=625
s=979.0
p=2.0736E8
Misol: Quyidagi yig’indini hisoblash dasturini tuzing.
s= cos 2
1 +cos n2
2 +cos 32
6 +… +cos n2
n!
Bu masalani hisoblash jarayonida sikl operatori tarkibida yigindini suratini hisoblash
uchun alohida funksiya, maxrajini hisoblash uchun alohida fuksiya va yig’indi uchun
alohida funksiya yaratib olsak maqsadga muvofiq bo‘ladi.
package com.company;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner kirit= new Scanner(System.
in );
int n,l= 1 ; double s= 0 ,p= 1 ;
System.
out .print( "n=" );
n=kirit.nextInt();
for ( int i= 1 ;i<=n;i++){](https://docx.uz/documents/fd557c16-9492-4aae-8255-9b80106aeafd/page_4.png?v=1)
![l*=i; //maxraj_faktorial
p*=Math. pow (Math.co s ( 2 ),i); //surat
s+=p/l;
}
System.
out .println( "s=" +s);
}
}
Natija
n=10
s=-0.45130851838657265
Takrorlanish a dan boshlab qadam -1 ga teng bo‘lgan holatda ham for
operatorini ishlatish mumkin bunda boshlang’ich qiymat a dan boshlanib qadam -1
bo’yicha amalga oshiriladi. Bu jarayonni quyidagi dastur orqali tushunib olamiz.
Misol. Quyidagi yig’indini hisoblash dasturini tuzing.
s=− n3
1 +(n− 1)3
2 +...(− 1)n1
n
package com.company;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner kirit= new Scanner(System.
in );
int n,p= 1 ,l= 0 ,k=- 1 ; double s= 0 ;
System.
out .print( "n=" );
n=kirit.nextInt();
for ( int i=n;i>= 1 ;i--){
l++;
//maxraj
s+=k*Math. pow (i, 3 )/l;
k*=- 1 ;
//ishora](https://docx.uz/documents/fd557c16-9492-4aae-8255-9b80106aeafd/page_5.png?v=1)
![}
System.
out .println( "s=" +s);
}
}
Natija
n=10
s=-749.3400793650793
Takrorlanuvchi jarayonlarni dasturlash vaqtida takrorlanish qadami a dan
boshlanib qadam x bilan b gacha bajarilish ham mumkin. Bu jarayonni quyidagi
dastur orqali tushunib olamiz.
Misol. n dan m gacha sonlarning 3-darajalarining yig’indisini x qadam bilan
hisoblash dasturini tuzing.
package com.company;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner kirit= new Scanner(System.
in );
int n,m,x; double s= 0 ;
System.
out .print( "n=" );
n=kirit.nextInt();
System.
out .print( "m=" );
m=kirit.nextInt();
System.
out .print( "x=" );
x=kirit.nextInt();
for ( int i=n;i<=m;i+=x){
s+=Math.
pow (i, 3 );
}
System.
out .println( "s=" +s);](https://docx.uz/documents/fd557c16-9492-4aae-8255-9b80106aeafd/page_6.png?v=1)
![}
}
Natija
n=5
m=20
x=5
s=12500.0
Misol. Sonning natural bo‘luvchilar soni va natural bo‘luvchilar yigindisini
hisoblash dasturi tuzilsin.
Dastur algoritmi, berilgan sonni yarmigacha natural sonlarga bo‘lib chiqiladi
qaysi songa qoldiqsiz bo‘linsa usha son olinadi va oxirida shu sonning uzi ham
hisobga olinadi.
package com.company;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner kirit= new Scanner(System.in );
int n,p= 0 ; double s= 0 ;
System.
out .print( "n=" );
n=kirit.nextInt();
for ( int i= 1 ;i<=n/ 2 ;i++){
if (n%i== 0 ) {
s+=i;
p++;
}
}
s+=n; p++;
System.
out .println( "p=" +p);
System.
out .println( "s=" +s);](https://docx.uz/documents/fd557c16-9492-4aae-8255-9b80106aeafd/page_7.png?v=1)
![}
}
Natija
n=4
p=3
s=7.0
Yuqoridagi ta’rif va misollarga asoslanib, parametrli takrorlanishni (e’tibor
bering faqat parametrli takrorlanishni) har qanday turini for operatori orqali amalga
oshirish mumkin.
Ichma ich sikllarni tashkil qilish
Har qanday dasturlash tillarida parametrli sikl operatori yoritilgan vaqtda,
albatta ichma ich sikllarni tashkil qilish keltirib o‘tiladi. Java dasturlash tilida ham
ichma ich sikllarni tashkil qilish imkoniyati mavjud. Ichma ich sikllarni for sikl
operatori orqali hosil qilinadi. Ichma ich sikllar – bu takrorlanish ichida yana
takrorlanish hosil qilinadi, takrorlanishning har bir qadamida, ichki sikl yana n marta
takrorlanishni amalga oshiradi. Ichma ich sikllarni tashkil etish jarayonini misollar
yordamida tushuntirib o‘tamiz.
Misol. ∑
i=1
n
∏
j=1
n
(cos (j)+i3) ni hisoblash dasturini tuzing.
package com.company;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner kirit= new Scanner(System.
in );
int n; double s= 0 ,p;
System.
out .print( "n=" );
n=kirit.nextInt();
for ( int i= 1 ;i<=n;i++){
p= 1 ;
for ( int j= 1 ;j<=n;j++){](https://docx.uz/documents/fd557c16-9492-4aae-8255-9b80106aeafd/page_8.png?v=1)
![p*=(Math.cos (j)+i*i*i);
}
s+=p;
}
System.
out .println( "s=" +s);
}
}
Natija
n=10
s=1.0421468476273929E30
Misol.
y= x+
x2
1∗2+ x3
1∗2∗3+...+ xn
n! ni hisoblash dasturini tuzing.
Bu misolni ikki usulda hisoblash dasturini tuzish mumkin, birinchisi ichma ich
sikl asosida, ikkinchisi esa bitta sikl orqali, biz ikkala holatni ham keltirib o‘tamiz.
Ichma ich sikl orqali dasturini tuzish birinchi o‘rganuvchilar uchun bo‘ladi,
lekin bu eng yomon usul hisoblanadi va u quyidagicha:
package com.company;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner kirit= new Scanner(System.
in );
int n,x; double s= 0 ,p,q;
System.
out .print( "n=" );
n=kirit.nextInt();
System.
out .print( "x=" );
x=kirit.nextInt();
for ( int i= 1 ;i<=n;i++){ p= 1 ; q= 1 ;
for ( int j= 1 ;j<=i;j++){
p*=x; q*=j;](https://docx.uz/documents/fd557c16-9492-4aae-8255-9b80106aeafd/page_9.png?v=1)
![}
s+=p/q;
}
System.out .println( "s=" +s);
}
}
Natija
n=3
x=2
s=5.333333333333333
Yuqorida berilgan misolni, bitta sikl orqali bajarish jarayonini qarab o‘tamiz,
bunda surat va maxrajdagi ko‘paytuvchilarni sikl ichiga olib yozamiz.
package com.company;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner kirit= new Scanner(System.
in );
int n,x; double s= 0 ,p= 1 ,q= 1 ;
System.
out .print( "n=" );
n=kirit.nextInt();
System.
out .print( "x=" );
x=kirit.nextInt();
for ( int i= 1 ;i<=n;i++){
p*=x; q*=i;
s+=p/q;
}
System.
out .println( "s=" +s);
}](https://docx.uz/documents/fd557c16-9492-4aae-8255-9b80106aeafd/page_10.png?v=1)
![}
Natija
n=3
x=2
s=5.333333333333333
Takrorlanuvchi jarayonlarni parametr bo‘yicha tashkil qilishda for operatori
ustuvorlikni ta’minlaydi va u bir nechta shakllarga bo‘lingan holda barcha holatlarga
javob beradi.
22-misol:n
butun son va x haqiqiy son berilgan ( n>0 , |x|<1 ). Quyidagi yig’indini
hisoblovchi dastur tuzilsin.
x+ 1⋅x3
2⋅3
+ 1⋅3⋅x5
2⋅4⋅5
+...+ 1⋅3⋅...⋅(2 n− 1)⋅x2n+1
2⋅4⋅...⋅2n⋅(2n+1)
.
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int n = 5; // n ni istalgan qiymatga o'zgartiring
double x = 0.5; // x ni istalgan qiymatga o'zgartiring
double result = calculateSum(n, x);
System.out.println("Natija: " + result);
}
public static double calculateSum(int n, double x) {
double sum = 0;
double numerator = 1;
double denominator = 2;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
sum += numerator / denominator * Math.pow(x, 2 * i - 1);
numerator *= i * 2;
denominator *= (2 * i) * (2 * i + 1);
}
return sum;
}
}](https://docx.uz/documents/fd557c16-9492-4aae-8255-9b80106aeafd/page_11.png?v=1)
Java tilida takrorlanuvchi jarayonlar va parametr bo‘yicha dasturlash