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The impact of translation on stylistic choices in literature

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THE MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND
INNOVATIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN SAMARKAND
STATE INSTITUTE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES
COURSE WORK
THEME: THE IMPACT OF TRANSLATION ON STYLISTIC CHOICES
IN LITERATURE
Scientific supervisor:
Done by:
SAMARKAND-2024
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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ………… ………….…………..…. ……………...… ……... …3
CHAPTER I. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ABOUT STYLISTIC
CHOICES IN LITERATURE AND THEIR USAGE
1.1 Brief overview of the importance of translation in literature………..................5
1.2 Background information about how different theories impact stylistic choices
in translated literature.………………………………………..……….………... ..10
CHAPTER II. THE IMPACT OF TRANSLATION ON STYLISTIC
CHOICES IN LITERATURE
2.1 Main features and the use of stylistic choices in literature……………..…..…1 5
2.2 Comparison of stylistic choices in different literary genres and the impact of
translation............... …………………………………………………………..…... 19
CONCLUSION ……………………..…… …….…….…..………….…...…... …23
THE LIST OF USED LITERATURE. … ……………...…..... ……....…….…...26
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INTRODUCTION
Acquiring language skills is an extensive and diverse undertaking that has
advantages for one’s professional, cultural, cognitive, and personal life. When
people set out on the path of language learning, they expose themselves to fresh
perspectives, rewarding encounters, and a more profound comprehension of the
surrounding environment. Learning a language is more than just picking up the
language; it’s an opportunity for personal development, international involvement,
and deep cross-cultural relationships. Accepting the journey of language
acquisition is more than just picking up words and grammar; it’s a life-changing
experience that opens doors and transforms perspectives in meaningful and long-
lasting ways.
So, President of Uzbekistan is paying his much attention to education and
foreign languages and signing rules and decisions. For instance, one of them is
signed in May 19, 2021 “On measures to bring quality to a new level of promotion
of foreign language learning activities in the republic of Uzbekistan”. The main
purpose from this document is to develop the sphere of education, especially
language learning. In this way, almost all educational institutions have mentioned
their aims, goals and responsibilities, and doing them one by one.
Topicality of the research. The impact of translation on stylistic choices in
literature is a fascinating and complex subject that encompasses the dynamic
interplay between language, culture, and artistic expression. In this course work we
will glance at specific characteristics of stylistic choices and impact of translation.
The aim of the course paper is to clarify the topic of the impact of translation on
stylistic choices in literature and giving the main information according to the
theme .
The object of the course paper is methodology, effective and modern
methods and materials in education.
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The subject of the course paper is the impact of translation on stylistic
choices in literature. Innovative and traditional approaches to learn the impact of
translation on stylistic choices in literature and giving specific information about
the given topic.
The main material of the course paper is used myriad of foreign and local
authors’ researches, articles and statistics which are listed in the list of used
literature.
The structure of the course paper includes introduction, two chapters,
conclusion and list of used literature. The first chapter is devoted to analyze the
importance of translation in literature and stylistic choices ; the second chapter
discusses impact of translation on stylistic choices in literature. Writer’s opinions
and whole summary is given in conclusion. The list of used literature is given in
the end of the course paper.
The practical and theoretical value of the course work : is large material
which can be included into the lectures on methods of teaching foreign languages,
using effective approaches and techniques in the process.
4

CHAPTER I. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ABOUT STYLISTIC
CHOICES IN LITERATURE AND THEIR USAGE
1.1 Brief overview of the importance of translation in literature
Literature is written language. Language and literature are closely
intertwined. Without language, literature is impossible. Those who can understand
language communicate with one another through language. Thousands of
languages have been produced by diverse communities that have arisen in different
locations across the globe during the course of human evolution, based on sounds
and emotions. Numerous of these languages eventually evolved scripts to match
pronunciations, and as a result, they became the "literature" of a specific society.
Concepts vary from individual to individual and between communities. Literature
produced by different individuals within diverse groups is therefore likely to differ
in terms of its structure, contents, ideas, and underlying beliefs. Such information
of one community to another can only be made available through translation,
which brings two communities closer together.
Literature serves as a social reflection. We can learn about the people, their
culture, the geographical aspects, and the history of the region in question through
stories, novels, dramas, travelogues, memoirs, and biographies, among other
literary works. Reading a variety of literary works can teach us a great deal about
the beauty that is ingrained in them. Masterworks from many languages have been
translated, creating new avenues for global cultural fusion. when an individual has
the opportunity to read a classic written in a language other than their own and
contrasts it with their own. This comprehension subtly draws the reader closer to
the members of that society, fostering a sense of strong kinship and camaraderie.
Literary translation is quite an age-old phenomenon and has been being used
by scholars of various parts of the world with the sole intention to transform classic
works into their own language so that the knowledge embedded within can be
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catered to the general masses. Scholars used to use palm leaves and sharp cutting
instruments to scribe the text with much toil.
Literary translation is generally regarded as an integral part in comparative
literature. Every boom of literary translation in history would promote the further
development of comparative literature, thus, literary translation has undoubtedly
played a significant role in world literature; however, readers and writers may well
neglect the status of literary translation, thinking that it is only a means to make
known some foreign literature. Actually, in comparative literature, literary
translation can even constitute an independent section, and combine itself into the
literature of the target language.
“Although literary translation is primarily focused on translation, it is
typically acknowledged as a form of literature. It's a literary kind of reconstruction.
Literary translations need to go through two phases. The translator must first
accurately, completely, and profoundly comprehend the content written in the
original language, including any linguistic, social, political, historical, and regional
conventions and practices. The translator decides what the original work's main
idea is. By using his proficiency in the target language, the translator must build a
new literary work based on the original; additionally, he must faithfully translate
the original literary images into the target work so that readers of the target
language will understand and appreciate it.” [5; p. 23-25]
As stated above, literary translation involves two aspects. For the first
aspect, called the shallow one, the translator transfers the original work to the
target-language reader, which is just the creation for language form; for the second
aspect, called the deep one, the translator creates the artistic or literary contents for
the target-language reader. For literary translation the most important part is the
literary equivalence of the source and target languages. Therefore, literary
translation is also a kind of literary creation. In literary creation, the writer works
out a special artistic image with his profound understanding of life and literature,
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and then expresses the image with appropriate words and sentences. The reader,
using his imagination and language, makes out and understands the artistic world
that the original writer tries to show.
Although literary translation is a kind of literary creation, it is different from
the normal way of literary creation. The translator must play two roles in the
process. Firstly, the translator is the reader of the original work. He must act as a
source-language reader to understand the literary content of the original work,
completely and precisely. Secondly, the translator is the writer of the target-
language text. He must convert what he has formerly read and understood to
almost the same literary content with the target language. Hence, in literary
translation the translator acts both as the reader and the writer.
The Characteristics of Literary Translation. When translating literary works,
the translator may, consciously or unconsciously, include aspects of his own
personalities — such as life experiences, cultural background, aesthetic
preferences, and perspectives on the world, values, and life — into the newly
generated work of art. The translator would, on the one hand, choose writings in
the source language from authors whose lives and personalities he could relate to.
Naturally, since each person is unique, his cannot be the same as theirs. However,
the translator may apply his own artistic judgment to the interpretation of the
literary imagery in the source language works once he has a thorough
comprehension of them. The translator may then incorporate his or her own
elements into the text in the target language because literary translation is, at its
core, literary invention.
The role literary translation plays in comparative literature. “Despite the
long history of literary translation, it is not until 1970s that literary translation
made its breakthrough in development. The remarkable contribution goes to the
book After Babel — Aspects of Language and Translation written by the British
Writer George Steiner. In this book, Steiner writes that we are doing the work of
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translation no matter what we have read or heard. Readers, actors, editors are all
the translators of the written or spoken words; therefore, Steiner put forward the
notion that “understanding is also translation”. Although the theories about literary
translation are not sound, its significance in comparative literature can never be
overlooked.” [9; p. 43-47]
Translation has been the most significant factor in the growth of comparative
literature. Mutual literary understanding and communication are impossible
without translation, and comparative literature research is impossible without the
diligent efforts of translators. When translating literary works, the translator takes
on the role of the author. His artistic creations have a significant impact on target-
language literature.
Literary Translation’s Role in Literature Communication and Interaction.
World literature may engage and communicate with one another thanks to literary
translation. Literary translations from German, English, Italian, Russian, and Latin
are considered as essential components of French literature in a 1970s book on
modern French history. Similar to a description of a French work, this book goes
into great depth about the publication, investigation, and acceptance of the
translated works. It demonstrates how highly valued literary translation is in the
field of comparative literature. This practice is not limited to France; literary
translation is highly esteemed in Russia, Germany, and Britain as well. For
example, in Britain two books on literary history, Cambridge Concise British
Literary History and Outline of Literary History, have been published recently. In
the former book, 182 translators and 234 translated works are mentioned; in the
latter, 65 translators and 105 translated works. By these two books, the role of
literary translation in comparative literature can be exhibited. The famous
American poet Ezra Pound once said, “Literature can regain its life in translation;
every new trend and revival in literature began and will begin from translation. The
grand era of poetry is in fact the grand era of translation.”
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“Earlier, faithfulness to the original text was considered to be one of the
greatest responsibilities of the translators. The inherent tone of the text in respect
of the nature of its terminology. Figurative (metaphorical) terms therein. But now-
a-days, the translator takes liberty with the original text to allow some
accommodation or adaptation in order to keep pace with the sense or spirit of the
original. Accommodate to maintain the essence, impact, and effect of the text in
the source language. This is particularly true of poetry where the text is highly
emotive and artistic in nature. A translator may come across a rooted and thus
untranslatable. Such words are difficult to be translated if the cultural context is
missing. But the fact is that individual words may not be translatable, but language
is. In such a case, the original in the target language-script with a brief footnote
indicating the meaning and context. However, there cannot be any compromise in
the sense; it can be admissible only in terms of classicality or colloquiality of the
terms.” [6; p. 82-86]
Over the years, translation has been defined in different ways. Translation
can be considered “both a process and a product”. In support to this method of
translation Bell suggests that a division be made between translation as process,
translation as product, and translation in general, that is, what comes about as a
result of the union of the two. According to him, “translation includes several types
of texts ranging from literary to technical”. On the other hand, according to
Halliday “translation is a process which makes it possible to establish a connection
between two languages and the readers of these two languages”. Translation the
emphasis is always placed on the reader and that the translator must bring the
original text into the language of the translation in such a way that it is as similar
as possible to the original. As a result, the idea that the translator is recommended
to keep in mind that he / she cannot be the “author” of the text in the language of
translation is emphasized.
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“However, the art of translation is not more recent than the art of original
creativity, and the role of translation mastery has been known since antiquity.
Now, as the fields of culture are expanding, translation is taking on an increasingly
important role. The translated works and masterpieces, despite the occasional
reactions, remarks and criticisms, are expanding the cultural horizon of the people,
giving them the opportunity to enrich their artistic taste as well. In general, there
are three translation theories: philological, linguistic and socio-linguistic theories.
Philological theories deal with literary translations and with the problem of
equivalence of literary genres between the source language and target language.
They focus on questions whether poetry should be translated as poetry or prose or
whether an epic in the source language should be rendered as such in the target
language. Namely, literary translation enriches national literatures on the one hand
and it also enhances and advances the development of different literary kinds and
genres of national literatures. Many national literatures begin with translations. The
importance of literary translation is compared to the motors of change of history of
literature. Therefore, the article focuses on the role, function and on some of the
most important aspects of literary translation.” [11; p. 54-61]
1.2 Background information about how different theories impact
stylistic choices in translated literature
In its most basic and obvious form, translation is just the translator's attempt
to communicate across linguistic (or genre) boundaries whatever it is that the
translator believes is crucial to the text's meaning, purpose, and method of effect.
The style of a document plays a crucial role in expressing attitude and implicit
meanings, fulfilling specific roles, and influencing its readers, beyond its strictly
referential meaning or substance. When these two concepts are combined, they
imply that translation always contains style translation because it deals with both
the content and the manner in which something is said.
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The distinction between indirect and direct translation determines whether or
not style needs to be translated. Whereas direct translation renders both substance
and style, it is required for literary writings or letters. Indirect translation is
concerned with rendering content and is ideal for financial statements or weather
reports. However, it is not easy to distinguish between "content" and "style." The
most basic definition of style is “the perceived distinctive manner of expression in
writing or speaking”, although there are many more that depend on formality level,
historical or geographical context, or personal preference. Anything that a text
conveys that isn't solely defined by its syntax and lexical components. The
complexity and variation in these definitions suggests that, though there are some
texts, such as literary texts, where style clearly matters, and some, such as weather
reports, where it does not, there are also many texts, such as news reports,
historical accounts, or references, where opinions will differ as to the importance
of style.
Variations in opinion and approach, then, as well as in text-type of source
and target-text, will mean that not all translation is concerned with style to the
same degree. Sometimes it is concerned purely with function; this is instrumental
translation. In such cases style will not matter intrinsically, but only to the extent
that it is linked to function. Thus, a translated advertisement for a car will need to
sell the car, and if a different style of advertising is common in the target culture,
the style of the original advertisement will not be preserved.
“But a great deal of translation is, A car advertisement might be translated
not to sell the car in the target country but to see how the advert managed so
successfully to sell the car in the country of the source language, or to provide
information about the typical style of advertising texts in the source language. In
this case its function is documentary. Nord’s distinction is particularly interesting
for literary translation. On the one hand, it is clear that literary translation always
has a documentary element: it cannot ignore whatever made the 3 original text
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worth translating, including its language and idiom, its special connotations, its use
of register and stylistic device, and the particular ways it achieves its effects on its
readers. Yet the target text also needs to function as literature, and to that extent the
translation is instrumental. One could argue, in fact, that the instrumentality of
translated literature resides not just in its being literature, but in belonging to the
special category of translated literature and that its instrumentality is thus achieved
at least in part through its documentary nature, because only thus is its relationship
with the original text preserved. All this presupposes that we know what literary
texts are, and it is beyond the scope of this chapter to embark upon a detailed
discussion of the issues involved.” [3; p. 69-77]
However, it is important to note that literary translation can sometimes be an
extremely difficult undertaking because of the specific social, historical and
cultural circumstances of different nations and languages. Therefore, one of
literary translation’s most important and arduous tasks is to take into account all
these elements and use appropriate resources to remedy the absence of any words
and expressions during translation. Historically speaking, literary translations that
succeed and endure are those that are published and read, regardless of how
transparent their ideological or political ends may be, or how many linguistic
“betrayals” translators might have committed.
Importance and functions of literary translation. It is well knowledge that
translating communications that are not straightforward declarative statements of
truth leads to increased complexity and difficulty in the translation process. One
may believe that a writer who has studied both languages is best suited for
translating books, songs, poetry, or other creative works. To effectively translate a
work of foreign literature and culture, a translator must first gain a profound
awareness of the culture surrounding the source material. Merely possessing a
solid knowledge of the source and target languages is insufficient. After that, he
returns to his home country and its own cultural environment while also returning
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to the target language. The translated literature usually is involved in complicated
and reciprocal relations with the original text, and in general it assumes the form
and status of a literary creation. It can enrich and strengthen national literature (for
instance, during epochs of the development of national literatures), especially in
those fields and regions where national literature is in the process of developing.
This mostly happened in the second half of the XIX century. Moreover, translation
can detect and open new possibilities for the development of national literary
language.
When it comes to the role that literary translation plays in national literature
and culture, it is crucial to remember that translated literary works serve the same
cultural purposes as works of national literature since they attract national
attention. Translations of literary works, in particular, are more valuable than
native works since they educate us about the literatures and cultures of other
countries. The production of a translated text is not the end goal of translation, nor
does it signify the conclusion of the translation process. Only when reading occurs
does the original and the resulting translation fulfill its social purpose. We come
across the subjective modification of the objective content as we read.
The goal of translation is actually to communicate specific material that the
original text offers the reader, as the translation is not the original text per se, but
rather the information included in the original text. This implies that the translator
needs to have a clear understanding of the intended reader. During this process, the
translator creates again and thus, translation of a literary work can be considered a
real, original creation. Thus, literary translation as a produced work is an artistic
reproduction; the translation as a process is an original activity (creation); the
literary translation as an activity and a type is an art, or at least an intermediate
category between fine arts and original creation.
Literary translation involves a number of significant procedures, the most
significant of which are parallels, borrowings, imitations, and stylization. When it
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comes to copying, the translator relinquishes as much of his original inventiveness
while simultaneously freeing himself from an entirely accurate translation. Even
though researchers and academics have often condemned imitations, they might
nonetheless be pertinent and improve the caliber of translation.
“The process of imitating a different author, literary work, or even a bygone
era for artistic effect is known as stylization. To ensure that the translated version
is appreciated in a manner similar to the original, the translator should make every
effort to artistically emulate the original style, even when translating in a stylistic
manner. Finding equivalents for words, expressions, phrases, idioms, connotations,
associations, and contextual meanings will help you attain stylistic fidelity. Since
the primary goal of literary translation is the faithful reproduction of meaning,
style, image, and other elements of the original, which cannot be accomplished
without the use of artistic techniques, creative literary translation is therefore
required.” [14; p. 66-74]
Due to the fact that a translator dealing with translation from one language to
another must overcome linguistic obstacles found in the source material. It is
evident in these circumstances that the translator must try to accurately translate a
literary work's language into another language. Consequently, in order to maintain
the original, he or she must come up with fresh ideas and phrases that capture the
essence and brilliance of their mother tongue but are occasionally unheard of in
other languages. By literary translations, the translator, with his proficiency in the
language, contributes to the advancement of national literature and language.
Moreover, it is well known that the original and the translation, each entail two
different, equal cultural values, which the translator has to take into consideration.
Namely, the translator must consider not only the original, but also literary and
cultural pertinence of the translation in the new milieu. Therefore, we can say that
the translator in many cases has to reproduce a literary work in such a way that is
acceptable to the different milieu and literary and cultural context.
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CHAPTER II. THE IMPACT OF TRANSLATION ON STYLISTIC
CHOICES IN LITERATURE
2.1 Main features and the use of stylistic choices in literature
As far as the stylistic quality of a translated literary work is concerned, in
certain cases the translation should also include means that the original lacks. In
other words, in translations we should pay attention to recognizing another aspect
or level of stylistic means. There is no doubt that each translation is an
interpretation; this makes translation itself a creative act. Hence the translator
oftentimes should be inventive in order to be faithful. The most important point is
that he/she has to do it consciously, being fully aware of the reasons for doing it.
For example, a text written in the XVIII century has a different past and context,
which cannot be directly translated in modern language. In such cases, the
translator should try to preserve the specifics of both the original text and the
modern language. Nowadays, we consider that it is not useful to discuss
“untranslatable works,” but even when the translator comes across such works,
he/she should do his/her best to ensure sufficient information about the original
and try to clarify the meaning of the work to the reader. “National specificities of a
literary work” should be preserved in translation and in these cases, the translator
should act as the discoverer of new and creative ways of translation.
Stylistic choices play a significant role in shaping the literary experience for
both authors and readers. These choices encompass a wide array of linguistic,
structural, and rhetorical decisions made by writers to convey meaning, evoke
emotions, and create a distinct literary voice. Stylistic choices empower authors to
craft narratives that resonate with readers on multiple levels. Through the selection
of diction, syntax, imagery, and figurative language, writers can infuse their works
with unique tones, themes, and perspectives. These choices are instrumental in
defining the narrative style, establishing atmosphere, and shaping the overall
aesthetic and emotional impact of the writing.
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Tools of stylistic choices:
“Diction: The specific words and phrases chosen by an author to convey
meaning, tone, and point of view.
Imagery: The use of vivid and descriptive language to create mental images
and sensory experiences for the reader.
Syntax: The arrangement of words and sentences, including sentence length,
structure, and punctuation, to create rhythm and convey specific meanings.
Figurative Language: The use of metaphors, similes, and other literary
devices to add depth and complexity to the writing.
Purpose of stylistic choices . Authors employ stylistic choices to achieve
various objectives, such as:
- Conveying emotions and moods
- Establishing symbolic meanings
- Evoking sensory experiences
- Developing characters and settings
Engaging the reader's imagination and emotions” [10; p. 43-61 ]
The usage of stylistic choices is also influenced by cultural and historical
contexts. Different literary movements, periods, and cultural experiences
contribute to the evolution and diversity of stylistic approaches in literature.
Additionally, regional dialects, idiomatic expressions, and linguistic traditions
impact the stylistic elements within a piece of writing. Stylistic choices in literature
are a dynamic and integral aspect of storytelling, enabling authors to craft rich,
multilayered narratives that resonate with readers across diverse cultural and
historical contexts. Understanding the background and usage of stylistic choices
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provides a foundational framework for appreciating the intricacies and impact of
these elements in literary works. By recognizing and analyzing these choices,
readers can gain deeper insights into the creative process and the rich tapestry of
meanings woven into literary texts.
“It goes without saying that the problem of translation, in general and of
literary translation, in particular exists and it will have to be continually addressed
in the future. Of course, this is very simple when it comes to translation of
scientific, professional and technical works. However, the problems become
thornier when dealing with translation of literary works with artistic values, such
prose and verse. This is due to the fact that there are cases when the translation of a
particular literary work is so difficult that translators have no choice but to consult
dictionaries, sources, encyclopedias, annotations, research books and articles,
essays, etc. about the literary work or even live nearby the authors (if they are
alive), accompanying and communicating with them, in order to enter into their
world, ideas, thoughts, aims and thereby become familiar with their writing, artistic
style, techniques and perspective in order to translate their works in an effective,
accurate and creative way.” [17; p. 51-59 ]
When it comes to translation of different literary works, the translator also
interprets ideas in the source text in creating another equivalent text in target
(translated) language. However, interpretation of ideas in the text cannot be done
unless the literary translator is professionally fit and properly trained. Interpretation
in literary translation therefore entails a major dilemma: on the one hand,
translation of literary works is equal to almost creating a new text for which a
translator is required to make free interpretations and choices; on the other hand,
the translator has to stick to the original, which limits translator’s freedom. A
successful combination and compromise between these two elements can be
achieved only by translators who are talented, well-read, experienced and
knowledgeable and have a profound knowledge of the source and target literary
17

languages. A good translation is one that brings the author’s message back to the
reader in such a way that it seems as if the latter is rewriting it the moment he is
reading it. In other words, a translation is really good only once the reader has no
idea that there is a translated text in front of him. [7; p. 209]
Furthermore, modernism envisioned a different approach to translation—one
that went beyond seeing it as merely a verbal transfer. As a result, modernists
challenged the veracity of translation techniques and strategies by obfuscating the
distinctions between source and target texts. They added their own unique touch to
translations of literary works since they saw literary translation as a creative
endeavor as well. Furthermore, modernists took advantage of translations to
convey the movement's artistic goals. Modernist poets' translation technique
reflects one of their interests, which is communication with the past. At times, this
dialogue appears as a blend of Victorian and Elizabethan policy mixed with a
modernist historical perspective.
The translator is the best interpreter of foreign literature, and a crucial
interpreter of the greatest literary foreign authorities, who with his/her special
skills, craft and expertise enables his/her country to communicate with the greatest
values of World literature. Thanks to translators, thousands and thousands of
literary works have visited and are visiting foreign countries, especially when the
translations are done competently and artistically and when there are affinities
between the author of the original and the author of the translation. In such cases,
these translators are able to successfully avoid all kinds of obstacles, make the
translated work a triumph, and enlarge the common treasures of culture. Only
thanks to successfully translated and reproduced works can the works of the great
writers become really known worldwide. The translated literary work becomes
oftentimes a phenomenon of national literature and hence it plays a cultural role as
an original work.
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In actuality, the value of translated literature is still unknown. Reading
literary classics, especially those with poor translations, as a habit could help
readers get ready for the acceptance of international literary works. When national
literature is being created, the function of translated literature is increasingly
significant. Every translation of national literature into another language might lead
to public misunderstandings, for example by criticizing well ingrained traditions,
and readers may find it difficult to accept novel, unfamiliar ideas that diverge from
well-known, national ones.
“The importance of literary translation relies not only on the fact that a
foreign writer becomes popular because of his/her access to many readers, but
because a translated literary work meaningfully enters into a new literary milieu
and thereby exerts a fruitful, productive, and creative influence. Without
translation, Shakespeare would still remain on an island and none of us would even
remember that in our childhood we have read ‘Gulliver’s Travels”, “Robinson
Crusoe”, “Alice in Wonderland”, “The Last of Mohicans”, “David Copperfield,
etc, translated into national our languages. Without the efforts and contribution of
literary translators, Ancient and Classical literature would not have become part of
modern literary traditions. Even the Bible would not have had such a huge
influence in the vocabulary and stylistic structure of modern languages.” [20; p.
291-301]
2.2 Comparison of stylistic choices in different literary genres and the
impact of translation
Understanding how different theories impact stylistic choices in translated
literature sheds light on the varied approaches and considerations that shape the
translation process. Let's delve into the background of translation theories and their
influence on the preservation and adaptation of stylistic elements in literary works.
Modifications to the fictional world, like the one in the aforementioned example,
are typically limited to extremely specific situations and have no bearing on the
19

text's ability to serve as a reliable depiction of the fictional world as it is provided
in the original text. But if they appear frequently and consistently throughout the
text, they could stand out as stylistic elements that disclose something about the
translator's methodology. The other side of the coin is illustrated by instances in
which culturally specific elements are preserved in translation, where the "form"
and the "referential" meaning remain the same but ideational, interpersonal, or
textual alterations are made that have an effect on the text's style.
Equivalence Theory. The concept of equivalence in translation theory
revolves around the notion of retaining the meaning and stylistic characteristics of
the source text in the target language. When applied to stylistic choices, translators
employing this theory strive to reproduce the author's stylistic effects as closely as
possible, often prioritizing fidelity to the original language's nuances, tone, and
cultural associations. This approach aims to ensure that the translated work evokes
a similar aesthetic and emotional impact as the original, acknowledging the
significance of stylistic elements in conveying the author's artistry.
Domestication and Foreignization. The dichotomy between domestication
and foreignization reflects contrasting strategies in translation practice.
Domestication involves adapting the source text to align with the conventions and
expectations of the target language and culture, potentially resulting in the
modification of stylistic choices to enhance readability and familiarity for the
target audience. Conversely, foreignization emphasizes preserving the
distinctiveness of the source text, including its stylistic nuances, even if these
elements may seem unconventional or unfamiliar in the target language. These
theories offer alternative perspectives on how stylistic choices are handled in
translation, impacting the balance between maintaining the original aesthetic and
tailoring the work to the target audience's sensibilities.
Skopos Theory. Skopos theory emphasizes the relevance of the target
audience and purpose of the translation in guiding the translation process. When
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considering stylistic choices, translators subscribing to this theory prioritize the
creation of a text that fulfills the specific communicative aims and stylistic
expectations of the target readership. This approach acknowledges that stylistic
features might undergo adjustments to align with the cultural and stylistic
preferences of the target audience, reflecting the dynamic nature of stylistic
adaptation in translation.
Impact on Stylistic Choices. These theories exert a profound influence on the
treatment of stylistic choices in translated literature. They prompt translators to
contemplate the role of stylistic elements in achieving equivalence, consider the
expectations of the target audience, and navigate the balance between preserving
the original stylistic vision and adapting it to suit the preferences and cultural
contexts of the target language. Ultimately, these theories inform the translator's
decisions about how to handle stylistic nuances, rhetorical devices, and literary
ornamentation in the pursuit of conveying the original author's stylistic intent
within the constraints and opportunities of translation.
By recognizing the impact of these theories, we gain valuable insights into
the diverse considerations and approaches that contribute to the intricate task of
preserving and adapting stylistic choices in translated literature, underscoring the
multifaceted nature of translation as a creative and interpretive endeavor.
“Two traditional views of style: a monist perspective, according to which the
elaboration of form inevitably brings an elaboration of meaning, and a dualist
perspective, whereby manner and matter, or expression and content, are
independent from each other. The dualist perspective has often been adopted to
discuss style in translation, for example “stylistic analysis” from the “study of
style.” The latter involves the “consistent and statistically significant regularity of
occurrence in text of certain items and structures, or types of items and structures,
among those offered by the language as a whole” and can be done without any
considerations of meaning. Stylistic analysis, on the other hand, is concerned with
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the semantics of a text and involves a first stage, the study of how a text means
what it does, and can involve a second stage, the study of why the text is shaped in
its particular way given certain extralinguistic factors that restrict the writer’s
freedom of choice, literary texts are read differently from non-literary texts
because the emphasis is not only on the content but also on the form of expression.
She distinguishes between a primary meaning, determined by lexis or syntax, and a
second-order meaning, or “weakly implied meaning,” where choice can be
exercised by the author/translator. Weakly implied meanings place the burden of
meaning-making on the reader or translator. The use of “translator’s meaning” for
the extended meaning which goes beyond what can be assigned to the text or
passage on the basis of semantics. Translating primary meanings requires
background cultural and linguistic knowledge, while weakly implied meanings
require a particular stylistic sensitivity.” [16; p. 65-68]
“Dualist approach has the advantage of allowing us to easily define the
object of analysis by leaving sense aside and focusing on stylistic variants with
different stylistic values. However, this approach implies that it is possible to write
in a neutral style. How can we judge what is the “default choice”? Is it possible to
have “no style”? Even if some linguistic choices could be described as “unmarked”
and “neutral,” the choice of such a form instead of others is still a linguistic choice,
and as such can be fruitfully examined in stylistics This, however, assumes a very
naive understanding of translation as equivalence. The monist perspective, in any
case, also assumes a rather rigid understanding of meaning, which has been
replaced in most stylistic work by the more nuanced understanding of meaning
espoused by pluralistic views of style, whereby various strands of meaning are
distinguished according to the functions performed by language (e.g., ideational,
interpersonal, and textual.” [19; p. 84-87 ]
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CONCLUSION
When it comes to translation, most often a distinction is made between
literary and non-literary translation. Literary translation is in a way considered a
form of art, whereas non-literary translation is viewed as a craft. This is owing to
the fact that literature is the art of words. Therefore, there are opinions that literary
translation is of a higher status compared to non- literary translation. Literary
translations aim at influencing man’s artistic sensibility in order to achieve a
particular aesthetic effect. One of the main literary translation’s objectives is to be
creative by trying to provoke the same artistic experience in target language
receivers, as the original message would in the source language.
Literary translation promotes the growth of various literary genres and forms
inside national literatures, as well as enhances such literatures. Translations also
serve as the starting point for a lot of national literatures. A lot of readers rely on
literary translations to help them understand, analyze, and value literary
masterpieces. Stated differently, the literary translator serves as an interpreter of
themes, attitudes, and cultural values. In certain instances, they are also excellent
critics who clear up esoteric terms and themes and aid in our understanding of
them. Literary translation differs significantly from other forms of translation in
that it is a creative activity. Although the majority of translation methods,
approaches, and fundamental ideas are used in practically all other kinds of
translation. A foreign author may benefit from translation by having more readers
and by having their literary work genuinely enter a new literary scene. In these
situations, translation has a positive, creative, and productive effect.
In conclusion, the impact of translation on stylistic choices in literature is a
multifaceted and dynamic process that resides at the intersection of language,
culture, and creativity. Through the lens of translation theories and practical
considerations, we can discern the profound implications and complexities
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involved in preserving, adapting, and recreating the stylistic nuances of literary
works across different languages and cultural contexts.
The act of translating literary texts necessitates a delicate balance between
fidelity to the original stylistic vision and the need to ensure coherence, resonance,
and accessibility for readers in the target language. This process inherently
involves grappling with linguistic nuances, cultural references, and the intricate
web of stylistic elements that contribute to the aesthetic and emotional impact of
the source text.
Translation theories such as equivalence, domestication, foreignization, and
skopos theory exert significant influence on the approaches taken by translators
when handling stylistic choices. These theories prompt translators to navigate the
complexities of stylistic adaptation, cultural mediation, and reader-oriented
communication, impacting the preservation of the author's unique style and the
emotional and aesthetic resonances embedded within the original work.
Moreover, the impact of translation on stylistic choices underscores the
transformative power of language and the profound role of translators as creative
mediators, tasked with the artful reimagining of literary artistry across linguistic
and cultural boundaries. It invites us to consider the dynamic interplay between
linguistic expression, artistic intention, and the diverse interpretations and
adaptations that arise in the course of translation. By recognizing and appreciating
the impact of translation on stylistic choices in literature, we gain a deeper
understanding of the intricate interconnections between language, culture, and
artistic expression. Moreover, we acknowledge the richness and complexities that
underlie the global dissemination of literary works, highlighting the ongoing
dialogue and creative engagement that transcend borders and languages.
Ultimately, the impact of translation on stylistic choices in literature
reinforces the vibrant and ever-evolving nature of literary expression, inviting us to
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embrace the multifold dimensions of storytelling and the profound ways in which
diverse voices and visions can resonate across the tapestry of human experience.
As we continue to explore and celebrate the impact of translation on stylistic
choices in literature, we embark on a journey of discovery, appreciation, and cross-
cultural dialogue, enriching our collective literary landscape and fostering deeper
connections across diverse linguistic and artistic traditions.
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13. Munich P. Aspects of Language and Translation. University of Al
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The impact of translation on stylistic choices in literature

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