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Ro'yxatga olish sanasi 31 Oktyabr 2026

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Huquqni muhofaza qilish akademiyasi: chet tili (ingliz tili). Magistraturaga kirish test sinoviga tayyorgarlik: variantlar to‘plami (2026–2027)

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HUQUQNI MUHOFAZA QILISH AKADEMIYASI: CHET TILI (INGLIZ TILI) Magistraturaga kirish test sinoviga tayyorgarlik: variantlar to'plami (2026– 2027) 20 ta variant • 1000 ta topshiriq • javoblari bilan Mashq to'plami • 2025–2026 o'quv yili HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 1 Imtihon tuzilishi va yo'riqnoma • Huquqni muhofaza qilish akademiyasi magistraturasiga kirish imtihonlari uch bosqichdan iborat: maxsus psixologik test, yozma imtihon (esse) va chet tili test sinovi. 2026-yilgi qabulda asosiy dasturlarga arizalar iyun–iyul oylarida my.uzbmb.uz orqali qabul qilinib, imtihonlar avgust oyida o'tkazilgan. • Mutaxassisliklar: «Tergov faoliyati», «Prokurorlik faoliyati», «Korrupsiyaga qarshi kurash», «Xalqaro inson huquqlari huquqi», «Kiberxavfsizlikni huquqiy ta'minlash». • Savollar soni va baholash mezonlari rasmiy manbada ko'rsatilmagan, shu sababli to'plam 20 ta variant × 50 ta savol ko'rinishida tuzildi. To'g'ri javob har bir savol ostida yashil rangda, hujjat oxirida javoblar kaliti bor. • Muhim: rasmiy imtihon materiallari ochiq e'lon qilinmaydi. Bu mashq savollari. Har bir variant tuzilishi Topshiriqlar Turi Izoh 1–50 Yopiq test (4 ta variant) Bitta to'g'ri javob HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 2 Mundarija № Variant Topshiriqlar 1 1-variant 1–50 2 2-variant 51–100 3 3-variant 101–150 4 4-variant 151–200 5 5-variant 201–250 6 6-variant 251–300 7 7-variant 301–350 8 8-variant 351–400 9 9-variant 401–450 10 10-variant 451–500 11 11-variant 501–550 12 12-variant 551–600 13 13-variant 601–650 14 14-variant 651–700 15 15-variant 701–750 16 16-variant 751–800 17 17-variant 801–850 18 18-variant 851–900 19 19-variant 901–950 20 20-variant 951–1000 Jami topshiriqlar 1000 Javoblar kaliti (hujjat oxirida) HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 3 1-variant English • choose the correct answer 1. A legislative act that frees a whole category of offenders from criminal liability or punishment is called an: A) acquittal B) amnesty C) affidavit D) appeal To'g'ri javob: B) amnesty✔ 2. In English law, the unlawful killing of a person without malice aforethought, for example through gross negligence, is generally classified as: A) manslaughter B) murder C) perjury D) genocide To'g'ri javob: A) manslaughter ✔ 3. Report the question: «How long have you been working here?» the inspector asked the guard. A) The inspector asked the guard how long had he been working there. B) The inspector asked the guard how long he has been working here. C) The inspector asked the guard how long was he working there. D) The inspector asked the guard how long he had been working there. To'g'ri javob: D) The inspector asked the guard how long he had been working there. ✔ 4. The clerk usually ___ the court records on Fridays, but this week she ___ them on Thursday. A) has updated / is updating B) updated / updates C) updates / is updating D) is updating / updates To'g'ri javob: C) updates / is updating ✔ 5. According to the plan, the inspection team ___ at the border post at 9 a.m. tomorrow. A) has arrived B) arrived C) arrives D) had arrived To'g'ri javob: C) arrives ✔ 6. Report the command: «Don't leave the city,» the investigator told him. A) The investigator said him not to leave the city. B) The investigator told him not to leave the city. C) The investigator told him don't leave the city. D) The investigator told him to not leaving the city. To'g'ri javob: B) The investigator told him not to leave the city. ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 4 7. Choose the correct preposition: “Under the principle of vicarious liability, an employer may be liable ___ damage caused by its employees in the course of their employment.” A) of B) at C) for D) with To'g'ri javob: C) for✔ 8. «We should inform the embassy,» the consul said. → The consul said that they ___ the embassy. A) shall have informed B) would have inform C) must to inform D) should inform To'g'ri javob: D) should inform ✔ 9. The jury ___ for six hours and still hasn't reached a verdict. A) has been deliberating B) had deliberated C) deliberates D) deliberated To'g'ri javob: A) has been deliberating ✔ 10. Choose the correct word: “Three witnesses were called to ___ evidence at the trial.” A) tell B) give C) speak D) say To'g'ri javob: B) give ✔ 11. An act of a head of state that releases an individual convicted person from the punishment imposed is a: A) pardon B) warrant C) verdict D) summons To'g'ri javob: A) pardon ✔ 12. The police ___ any new evidence since the trial ended. A) do not find B) have not found C) had not found D) did not find To'g'ri javob: B) have not found ✔ 13. The customs officer wanted to know ___. A) why I am carrying so much cash then B) why I was carrying so much cash C) why was I carrying so much cash D) why did I carry so much cash To'g'ri javob: B) why I was carrying so much cash ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 5 14. Choose the correct word: “The witness was asked to ___ a statement to the police.” A) say B) tell C) make D) do To'g'ri javob: C) make✔ 15. Report the question: «Do you have a lawyer?» the officer asked me. A) The officer asked me that I had a lawyer. B) The officer asked me if had I a lawyer. C) The officer asked me if I had a lawyer. D) The officer asked me do I have a lawyer. To'g'ri javob: C) The officer asked me if I had a lawyer. ✔ 16. Choose the correct word: “The authorities ___ legal proceedings against the firm for tax evasion.” A) substituted B) restituted C) instituted D) constituted To'g'ri javob: C) instituted ✔ 17. Choose the correct word: “Two other witnesses ___ his account of the accident.” A) corroborated B) corrugated C) cooperated D) collaborated To'g'ri javob: A) corroborated ✔ 18. By the end of this year, the academy ___ more than two thousand new officers. A) has trained B) trains C) had trained D) will have trained To'g'ri javob: D) will have trained ✔ 19. The suspect ___ in custody since last Friday. A) is B) had been C) has been D) was To'g'ri javob: C) has been ✔ 20. Deliberately giving false evidence after taking an oath in court is the offence of: A) forgery B) libel C) bribery D) perjury To'g'ri javob: D) perjury ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 6 21. When did the robbery take place? — It ___ around midnight. A) has happened B) has been happening C) happened D) had happened To'g'ri javob: C) happened✔ 22. Choose the correct word: “Only the sending state can ___ the immunity of its diplomat.” A) waver B) wave C) waive D) weave To'g'ri javob: C) waive ✔ 23. The prosecutor ___ the indictment yesterday afternoon. A) has signed B) has been signing C) had been signing D) signed To'g'ri javob: D) signed ✔ 24. A defendant claims she committed the offence only because another person threatened to kill her family if she refused. This defence is: A) mistake of law B) self-defence C) consent D) duress To'g'ri javob: D) duress ✔ 25. Choose the correct word: “In civil cases, the claimant must prove the case on the ___ of probabilities.” A) balance B) scale C) weight D) measure To'g'ri javob: A) balance ✔ 26. The officer's hands are covered in oil because he ___ the damaged vehicle. A) examines B) will examine C) has been examining D) would examine To'g'ri javob: C) has been examining ✔ 27. The physical element of a crime, i.e. the prohibited act or omission, is called the: A) locus standi B) obiter dictum C) mens rea D) actus reus To'g'ri javob: D) actus reus ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 7 28. At trial, the first questioning of a witness by the party who called that witness is called (in British usage): A) re-arraignment B) examination-in-chief C) cross-examination D) voir dire To'g'ri javob: B) examination-in-chief✔ 29. «I didn't know the car was stolen,» the buyer said. → The buyer claimed that he ___ that the car ___ stolen. A) hadn't known / had been B) hasn't known / was being C) didn't know / is D) doesn't know / had To'g'ri javob: A) hadn't known / had been ✔ 30. Choose the correct word: “Border police ___ the suspect as he tried to leave the country.” A) apprehended B) apprenticed C) appreciated D) comprehended To'g'ri javob: A) apprehended ✔ 31. A document issued by a judge authorising the police to search specified premises is a: A) subpoena B) writ of mandamus C) summons D) search warrant To'g'ri javob: D) search warrant ✔ 32. Choose the correct word: “The court ___ the case for lack of evidence.” A) deleted B) fired C) expelled D) dismissed To'g'ri javob: D) dismissed ✔ 33. The early release of a prisoner before the end of the sentence, under supervision and on condition of good behaviour, is called: A) parole B) probation C) amnesty D) bail To'g'ri javob: A) parole ✔ 34. A prison sentence that will not be served unless the offender commits another offence within a fixed period is a: A) life sentence B) concurrent sentence C) suspended sentence D) custodial sentence To'g'ri javob: C) suspended sentence ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 8 35. Choose the correct sentence about a finished past event. A) I have seen the defendant in court last Monday. B) I saw the defendant in court last Monday. C) I am seeing the defendant in court last Monday. D) I have been seeing the defendant in court last Monday. To'g'ri javob: B) I saw the defendant in court last Monday.✔ 36. The defence lawyer ___ the case file when the judge called her into chambers. A) has read B) had been read C) was reading D) reads To'g'ri javob: C) was reading ✔ 37. «Could you speak more slowly?» the interpreter asked the witness. → The interpreter asked the witness ___ more slowly. A) speak B) spoke C) to speak D) speaking To'g'ri javob: C) to speak ✔ 38. «Why don't we search the garage?» the sergeant said. → The sergeant ___ searching the garage. A) suggested B) offered C) ordered D) promised To'g'ri javob: A) suggested ✔ 39. Report the statement: «The documents were forged,» the expert said. A) The expert said that the documents are forging. B) The expert said that the documents have forged. C) The expert said that the documents had forged. D) The expert said that the documents had been forged. To'g'ri javob: D) The expert said that the documents had been forged. ✔ 40. «I would never lie under oath,» she said. → She said she ___ under oath. A) would never lie B) had never lie C) will never have lied D) never lies To'g'ri javob: A) would never lie ✔ 41. When the court resumed after lunch, the prosecutor ___ to question the expert witness. A) has continued B) continues C) had been continued D) continued To'g'ri javob: D) continued ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 9 42. Choose the correct word: “The defendant was ___ leave to appeal to the Supreme Court.” A) granted B) accepted C) admitted D) guaranteed To'g'ri javob: A) granted✔ 43. Making a false document, such as a fake signature on a cheque, with intent that it be accepted as genuine is: A) smuggling B) perjury C) forgery D) blackmail To'g'ri javob: C) forgery ✔ 44. Choose the correct word: “Companies must ___ with data protection regulations.” A) obey B) follow C) observe D) comply To'g'ri javob: D) comply ✔ 45. «I am working on a new case now,» she said. → She said she ___ on a new case ___. A) was working / then B) is working / now C) works / then D) had worked / now To'g'ri javob: A) was working / then ✔ 46. «If I were you, I would plead guilty,» the lawyer said to me. → The lawyer ___ me to plead guilty. A) advised B) said C) suggested D) insisted To'g'ri javob: A) advised ✔ 47. Choose the correct word: “The judge will ___ sentence on the defendant next Monday.” A) do B) hold C) make D) pass To'g'ri javob: D) pass ✔ 48. «I am innocent,» the defendant said. → The defendant said that he ___ innocent. A) was B) will be C) has been D) would have been To'g'ri javob: A) was ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 10 49. A person who does an act that is more than merely preparatory to committing an offence but fails to complete it is guilty of: A) conspiracy B) incitement C) an omission D) an attempt To'g'ri javob: D) an attempt✔ 50. By the time the police arrived, the burglars ___ the building. A) were leaving B) had left C) have left D) leave To'g'ri javob: B) had left ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 11 2-variant English • choose the correct answer 1. The accused ___ well be telling the truth; we have no evidence against him. A) need B) must C) shall D) may To'g'ri javob: D) may✔ 2. Choose the correct form: “Prison education programmes aim at the ___ of offenders.” (HABIT) A) rehabilitate B) rehabilitated C) rehabilitation D) habitation To'g'ri javob: C) rehabilitation ✔ 3. Choose the correct form: “Evidence obtained in violation of the suspect's rights may be declared ___.” (ADMISSIBLE) A) inadmissible B) misadmissible C) unadmissible D) disadmissible To'g'ri javob: A) inadmissible ✔ 4. Choose the correct form: “The court declared the law ___ because it violated the right to equality.” (CONSTITUTIONAL) A) inconstitutional B) misconstitutional C) unconstitutional D) imconstitutional To'g'ri javob: C) unconstitutional ✔ 5. ___ Netherlands hosts several international courts in The Hague. A) (no article) B) The C) An D) A To'g'ri javob: B) The ✔ 6. An opinion by a judge who agrees with the majority's result but for different reasons is a: A) dissenting opinion B) advisory opinion C) minority report D) concurring opinion To'g'ri javob: D) concurring opinion ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 12 7. A remark made by a judge in passing, which is not necessary for the decision and is therefore not binding, is an: A) ratio decidendi B) ex parte order C) obiter dictum D) interim relief To'g'ri javob: C) obiter dictum✔ 8. Choose the correct form: “The bank's ___ department checks that all transactions follow the rules.” (COMPLY) A) complaint B) compliance C) complicity D) compliant To'g'ri javob: B) compliance ✔ 9. When a judge withdraws from a case because of a possible conflict of interest, the judge is said to: A) recuse himself or herself B) rescind the case C) reverse the case D) remand the case To'g'ri javob: A) recuse himself or herself ✔ 10. A formal change made to the text of a constitution is called an: A) abrogation B) addendum C) amendment D) annulment To'g'ri javob: C) amendment ✔ 11. Choose the correct form: “The ___ Code sets out criminal offences and the punishments for them.” (PENALTY) A) Penalty B) Penalise C) Penal D) Penally To'g'ri javob: C) Penal ✔ 12. The power of a president to refuse to approve a bill passed by the legislature is called the: A) veto B) mandate C) quorum D) referendum To'g'ri javob: A) veto ✔ 13. Court interpreters ___ disclose confidential information obtained during proceedings. A) don't have to B) need not C) might not D) must not To'g'ri javob: D) must not ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 13 14. I saw a car and a motorbike near the bank. ___ car was red. A) An B) The C) (no article) D) A To'g'ri javob: B) The✔ 15. Despite the storm, the rescue team ___ reach the village and evacuate everyone that night. A) could B) can C) was able to D) may To'g'ri javob: C) was able to ✔ 16. Most ___ crimes in the city are committed at night. A) (no word) B) of C) the D) a To'g'ri javob: A) (no word) ✔ 17. Choose the correct form: “Each ___ has the right to be informed of the reasons for his detention.” (DETAIN) A) detention B) detaining C) detainer D) detainee To'g'ri javob: D) detainee ✔ 18. You had better ___ a lawyer before you sign that confession. A) consult B) to consult C) consulted D) consulting To'g'ri javob: A) consult ✔ 19. In traditional legal drafting, «The Tenant ___ pay the rent on the first day of each month» expresses a binding obligation. A) might B) shall C) may D) could To'g'ri javob: B) shall ✔ 20. ___ Supreme Court has rejected the appeal. A) The B) (no article) C) A D) An To'g'ri javob: A) The ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 14 21. Choose the correct form: “The new law ___ companies that fail to report data breaches.” (PENAL) A) penalty B) penal C) penalises D) penalisation To'g'ri javob: C) penalises✔ 22. There are ___ police officers on duty tonight; we need at least ten more. A) too little B) too few C) too much D) a few To'g'ri javob: B) too few ✔ 23. Choose the correct form: “The ___ of the fund must always act in the best interests of the beneficiaries.” (TRUST) A) trusting B) trustful C) trustee D) trustworthy To'g'ri javob: C) trustee ✔ 24. The prosecutor asked ___ questions about the suspect's finances. A) a great deal of B) a little C) much D) a lot of To'g'ri javob: D) a lot of ✔ 25. The detective has spent ___ time on this case than on any other. A) more B) much C) most D) many To'g'ri javob: A) more ✔ 26. Choose the correct form: “The driver was found ___ because he failed to take reasonable care.” (NEGLECT) A) negligence B) negligent C) negligible D) neglected To'g'ri javob: B) negligent ✔ 27. By the age of eighteen, the young cadet ___ already speak four languages fluently. A) can B) may C) could D) must To'g'ri javob: C) could ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 15 28. Choose the correct form: “The ___ assembly adopted the bill in its third reading.” (LEGISLATE) A) legislature B) legislator C) legislation D) legislative To'g'ri javob: D) legislative✔ 29. In the United Kingdom, the formal approval by the monarch which turns a bill passed by Parliament into an Act is called: A) Royal Prerogative B) Royal Warrant C) Royal Charter D) Royal Assent To'g'ri javob: D) Royal Assent ✔ 30. He was elected ___ chairman of the bar association. A) some B) (no article) C) an D) any To'g'ri javob: B) (no article) ✔ 31. An opinion written by a judge who disagrees with the decision of the majority of the court is a: A) advisory opinion B) dissenting opinion C) per curiam opinion D) concurring opinion To'g'ri javob: B) dissenting opinion ✔ 32. A suspect ___ be held for longer than the legally permitted period without a court decision. A) might B) does not have to C) need not D) may not To'g'ri javob: D) may not ✔ 33. Only ___ people knew the code to the safe — three or four at most. A) a little B) a few C) much D) few of To'g'ri javob: B) a few ✔ 34. ___ citizen has the right to a fair trial. A) Every B) Both C) Most D) All To'g'ri javob: A) Every ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 16 35. Law enacted by a parliament or other legislature is called: A) equity B) customary law C) case law D) statute law To'g'ri javob: D) statute law✔ 36. When a higher court, in a later and different case, decides that a precedent set by an earlier case was wrong, it ___ that precedent. A) remands B) reverses C) affirms D) overrules To'g'ri javob: D) overrules ✔ 37. The new investigator ___ speak three foreign languages, which is very useful in transnational cases. A) must to B) can C) needs D) shall To'g'ri javob: B) can ✔ 38. The UK principle that Parliament can make or unmake any law and that no other body can set aside its legislation is called: A) parliamentary sovereignty B) executive privilege C) judicial supremacy D) cabinet responsibility To'g'ri javob: A) parliamentary sovereignty ✔ 39. The process of taking a dispute to court and pursuing it through legal proceedings is called: A) legislation B) liquidation C) legitimation D) litigation To'g'ri javob: D) litigation ✔ 40. Which thinker is most closely associated with the classical theory of the separation of powers set out in “The Spirit of the Laws”? A) Thomas Hobbes B) John Austin C) Jeremy Bentham D) Montesquieu To'g'ri javob: D) Montesquieu ✔ 41. Choose the correct form: “A contract signed under duress may not be ___.” (ENFORCE) A) enforcer B) enforcing C) enforceable D) enforcement To'g'ri javob: C) enforceable ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 17 42. The car ___ have been stolen, but we can't be sure — the owner may simply have forgotten where he parked it. A) might B) must C) can't D) should To'g'ri javob: A) might✔ 43. The safe was opened without any sign of force. Someone ___ have known the code. A) must B) can't C) needn't D) shouldn't To'g'ri javob: A) must ✔ 44. Choose the correct form: “Communications between a lawyer and client are strictly ___.” (CONFIDENCE) A) confident B) confidential C) confidence D) confidently To'g'ri javob: B) confidential ✔ 45. The judge was ___ hour late for the hearing. A) (no article) B) an C) the D) a To'g'ri javob: B) an ✔ 46. He was arrested on ___ suspicion of fraud. A) a B) (no article) C) an D) the To'g'ri javob: B) (no article) ✔ 47. It was ___ complicated case that it took three years to resolve. A) such a B) so a C) so D) such To'g'ri javob: A) such a ✔ 48. Choose the sentence that expresses absence of obligation. A) You can't attend the hearing. B) You must attend the hearing. C) You mustn't attend the hearing. D) You don't have to attend the hearing. To'g'ri javob: D) You don't have to attend the hearing. ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 18 49. When she heard the verdict, the defendant's mother ___ not stop crying. A) could B) need C) must D) should To'g'ri javob: A) could✔ 50. In a statute, «A person may not enter the restricted area» expresses: A) future possibility B) permission C) prohibition D) obligation To'g'ri javob: C) prohibition ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 19 3-variant English • choose the correct answer 1. Protection granted by a state to a person who has fled persecution in his or her own country is called: A) extradition B) naturalisation C) amnesty D) asylum To'g'ri javob: D) asylum✔ 2. ___ the contract been signed, we could have sued the company. A) Should B) If C) Were D) Had To'g'ri javob: D) Had ✔ 3. The burglar wore gloves ___ he wouldn't leave fingerprints. A) so that B) so as to C) because of D) in order to To'g'ri javob: A) so that ✔ 4. The suspect fled abroad ___ avoid arrest. A) because B) for C) so that D) in order to To'g'ri javob: D) in order to ✔ 5. Read the text and answer the question. Asset declaration systems require senior public officials to report their income, property and liabilities, often annually. In some countries, the declarations are published so that journalists and citizens can check them. Experts note that such systems are effective only if the declarations are actually verified and if false statements lead to sanctions; otherwise, they become a mere formality. According to experts, when do asset declaration systems become “a mere formality”? A) when declarations are published online B) when declarations are submitted by officials every single year C) when declarations are not checked and false statements go unpunished D) when officials report their liabilities To'g'ri javob: C) when declarations are not checked and false statements go unpunished ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 20 6. The principle that allows any state to prosecute certain grave crimes, such as piracy or torture, regardless of where they were committed and of the nationality of the offender, is called: A) passive personality jurisdiction B) territorial jurisdiction C) consular jurisdiction D) universal jurisdiction To'g'ri javob: D) universal jurisdiction✔ 7. You can pay the fine ___ online ___ at the bank. A) neither / or B) both / or C) whether / nor D) either / or To'g'ri javob: D) either / or ✔ 8. The doctrine under which the European Court of Human Rights gives national authorities a certain degree of discretion in applying Convention rights is called the: A) doctrine of incorporation B) act of state doctrine C) margin of appreciation D) living instrument doctrine To'g'ri javob: C) margin of appreciation ✔ 9. If you ___ the speed limit again, you will lose your driving licence. A) will exceed B) exceeded C) would exceed D) exceed To'g'ri javob: D) exceed ✔ 10. The International Court of Justice has its seat in: A) Strasbourg B) Geneva C) New York D) The Hague To'g'ri javob: D) The Hague ✔ 11. If the witness had told the truth, the innocent man ___ to prison. A) didn't go B) won't go C) wouldn't go D) wouldn't have gone To'g'ri javob: D) wouldn't have gone ✔ 12. ___ the trial, the defendant remained silent. A) Meanwhile B) During C) When D) While To'g'ri javob: B) During ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 21 13. Read the text and answer the question. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted in 1948, was not originally intended to be a legally binding treaty. It was proclaimed as “a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations”. Nevertheless, it has had enormous influence: many of its provisions were later included in binding treaties, and some are now regarded as reflecting customary international law. What can be inferred about the legal status of the Universal Declaration? A) It was signed and ratified as a treaty in 1948. B) It applies only to those states that were members of the UN in 1948. C) It has never influenced any binding treaty. D) Its influence has grown beyond its original non-binding character. To'g'ri javob: D) Its influence has grown beyond its original non-binding character.✔ 14. The suspect has a criminal record. ___, he was seen near the scene of the crime. A) Otherwise B) Moreover C) However D) Nevertheless To'g'ri javob: B) Moreover ✔ 15. Read the text and answer the question. Criminals and corrupt officials frequently hide their assets behind chains of companies registered in different jurisdictions. To address this, international standards now require countries to ensure that information on beneficial ownership, that is, on the natural persons who ultimately own or control a company, is available to the competent authorities. Several countries have created central registers for this purpose. What is the purpose of beneficial ownership registers mentioned in the text? A) to list the company's employees B) to identify the real people who own or control companies C) to register the company's official address D) to record the company's annual profits and tax payments To'g'ri javob: B) to identify the real people who own or control companies ✔ 16. Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights protects the right to: A) freedom of expression B) respect for private and family life C) a fair trial D) life To'g'ri javob: C) a fair trial ✔ 17. ___ the risk of escape, the court ordered the suspect's detention. A) Although B) Given C) Despite of D) Since To'g'ri javob: B) Given ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 22 18. Read the text and answer the question. Universal jurisdiction allows national courts to prosecute certain international crimes, such as genocide or torture, even if there is no link between the crime and the prosecuting state. The idea is that these crimes are so serious that they concern the whole international community. Critics, however, warn that the principle may cause diplomatic tensions when courts prosecute officials of other states. What concern do critics raise about universal jurisdiction? A) It applies to too few crimes. B) It requires the consent of the accused. C) It can only be used by international courts and never by national ones. D) It may create diplomatic tensions between states. To'g'ri javob: D) It may create diplomatic tensions between states.✔ 19. Supposing the jury ___ him guilty, what sentence would he get? A) finds B) had found C) will find D) found To'g'ri javob: D) found ✔ 20. I would have called you if I ___ your number. A) had had B) would have had C) had D) have To'g'ri javob: A) had had ✔ 21. If the victim had not identified the attacker, the police ___ no suspect now. A) would have B) will have C) would have had D) had To'g'ri javob: A) would have ✔ 22. ___ the police need now is more evidence. A) That B) Which C) What D) Who To'g'ri javob: C) What ✔ 23. If she were a more experienced advocate, she ___ the case last year. A) won B) will win C) would have won D) would win To'g'ri javob: C) would have won ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 23 24. Customary international law requires general state practice and the belief that this practice is legally obligatory. This belief is called: A) jus soli B) ex aequo et bono C) opinio juris D) ratio legis To'g'ri javob: C) opinio juris✔ 25. Read the text and answer the question. In a federal state, the constitution divides powers between the central government and the constituent units, such as states or provinces. Neither level can unilaterally abolish the other's powers. In a unitary state, by contrast, local authorities exercise only those powers that the central government chooses to delegate to them, and these powers can be withdrawn by ordinary legislation. What is a key feature of a unitary state according to the text? A) The central government cannot change local powers. B) It must consist of several sovereign states. C) Powers of local authorities can be withdrawn by the centre. D) Regional units have powers guaranteed by the constitution. To'g'ri javob: C) Powers of local authorities can be withdrawn by the centre. ✔ 26. Read the text and answer the question. Many countries have established a specialised constitutional court that alone can declare legislation unconstitutional. This model, sometimes called the centralised or “European” model, was strongly influenced by the Austrian jurist Hans Kelsen. In contrast, in the decentralised model used in the United States, any court may refuse to apply a law that it considers unconstitutional, subject to review by higher courts. What characterises the decentralised model described in the text? A) Only one specialised court reviews the constitutionality of laws. B) Any court may refuse to apply an unconstitutional law. C) Constitutional review is completely prohibited. D) Parliament itself decides on constitutionality. To'g'ri javob: B) Any court may refuse to apply an unconstitutional law. ✔ 27. Read the text and answer the question. Phishing attacks are becoming increasingly sophisticated. Instead of sending poorly written messages to millions of users, criminals now often research a particular employee and write a convincing personalised email, a technique known as spear phishing. The message may appear to come from a manager and ask the employee to transfer funds urgently. Experts advise staff to verify such requests by telephone before acting. What distinguishes spear phishing from ordinary phishing, according to the text? A) It is legal in most jurisdictions. B) It uses telephone calls instead of emails. C) It is sent to millions of users chosen completely at random. D) It targets specific individuals with personalised messages. To'g'ri javob: D) It targets specific individuals with personalised messages. ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 24 28. The element of a fair trial requiring that each party must have a reasonable opportunity to present its case under conditions that do not place it at a substantial disadvantage compared with the opponent is called: A) legal certainty B) equality of arms C) non-retroactivity D) res judicata To'g'ri javob: B) equality of arms✔ 29. The principle that every treaty in force is binding upon the parties and must be performed by them in good faith is expressed by the maxim: A) nullum crimen sine lege B) audi alteram partem C) rebus sic stantibus D) pacta sunt servanda To'g'ri javob: D) pacta sunt servanda ✔ 30. The right to education and the right to social security belong to the category of: A) economic, social and cultural rights B) civil and political rights C) collective security rights D) procedural rights To'g'ri javob: A) economic, social and cultural rights ✔ 31. Officials who protect the interests of their nationals abroad, issue passports and visas, and whose functions are regulated by the Vienna Convention of 1963, are: A) honorary judges B) military attachés C) consular officers D) special rapporteurs To'g'ri javob: C) consular officers ✔ 32. If you were caught driving without a licence, you ___ a heavy fine. A) would have faced B) will face C) would face D) faced To'g'ri javob: C) would face ✔ 33. The defence argued that the search was illegal, ___ was later confirmed by the appeal court. A) which B) that C) what D) who To'g'ri javob: A) which ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 25 34. Read the text and answer the question. In the United States, the exclusionary rule generally prevents the prosecution from using evidence obtained in violation of the defendant's constitutional rights, for example through an unlawful search. Evidence derived from such illegally obtained evidence may also be excluded under the doctrine known as the “fruit of the poisonous tree”. The main justification for the rule is to deter police misconduct. What is the main justification for the exclusionary rule, according to the text? A) to protect the identity of witnesses B) to deter police misconduct C) to speed up criminal trials D) to reduce the cost of investigations To'g'ri javob: B) to deter police misconduct✔ 35. A restriction on a qualified right must pursue a legitimate aim and must not go further than is necessary to achieve that aim. This test is called: A) legality B) reciprocity C) proportionality D) complementarity To'g'ri javob: C) proportionality ✔ 36. If the fingerprints match, the police ___ him with burglary. A) would have charged B) would charge C) charged D) will charge To'g'ri javob: D) will charge ✔ 37. ___ is often the case in fraud trials, the evidence was mostly documentary. A) Which B) As C) What D) Like To'g'ri javob: B) As ✔ 38. Read the text and answer the question. The rule of law requires more than the mere existence of laws. Laws must be public, clear, stable and applied equally to everyone, including government officials. Courts must be independent, and individuals must have access to justice. A state where the ruler can change the law at will or ignore court decisions does not respect the rule of law, even if it has a large number of statutes. According to the text, which situation is inconsistent with the rule of law? A) Officials are subject to the same laws as citizens. B) Laws are published and clear. C) Courts are independent of the government. D) The ruler ignores court decisions. To'g'ri javob: D) The ruler ignores court decisions. ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 26 39. Everything ___ you say may be used in evidence. A) that B) what C) who D) whose To'g'ri javob: A) that✔ 40. Read the text and answer the question. A distributed denial-of-service attack aims to make an online service unavailable by overwhelming it with traffic. The traffic usually comes from a botnet, a network of thousands of infected devices whose owners are unaware that their computers or cameras are being used. For this reason, the owners of the devices are generally victims rather than perpetrators. Why are the owners of devices in a botnet generally considered victims? A) They organise the attacks themselves. B) Their devices are not actually connected to the Internet at all. C) They do not know their devices are being misused. D) They receive payment from the attackers. To'g'ri javob: C) They do not know their devices are being misused. ✔ 41. Read the text and answer the question. An Interpol Red Notice is a request to law enforcement agencies worldwide to locate and provisionally arrest a person pending extradition or similar legal action. It is issued at the request of a member country on the basis of a valid national arrest warrant. However, a Red Notice is not an international arrest warrant, and each country decides what legal value to give it. Which statement is supported by the text? A) A Red Notice replaces extradition proceedings. B) All countries must arrest a person subject to a Red Notice. C) Interpol issues Red Notices without any national warrant. D) A Red Notice is not itself an international arrest warrant. To'g'ri javob: D) A Red Notice is not itself an international arrest warrant. ✔ 42. ___ the defendant to plead guilty, the sentence would be reduced. A) Should B) Had C) Were D) If To'g'ri javob: C) Were ✔ 43. Had I known he was a police officer, I ___ that. A) wouldn't have said B) won't say C) didn't say D) wouldn't say To'g'ri javob: A) wouldn't have said ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 27 44. ___ his age, he was given a lenient sentence. A) In view of B) Even though C) Whereas D) So that To'g'ri javob: A) In view of✔ 45. The defence lawyer asked for more time; ___, the judge refused. A) furthermore B) consequently C) therefore D) however To'g'ri javob: D) however ✔ 46. The suspect was released ___ lack of evidence. A) of B) by C) with D) for To'g'ri javob: D) for ✔ 47. If it ___ for her language skills, she wouldn't be working at Interpol now. A) weren't B) isn't C) won't be D) hadn't been To'g'ri javob: A) weren't ✔ 48. Provided the suspect ___, he will be treated fairly. A) cooperates B) cooperated C) would cooperate D) will cooperate To'g'ri javob: A) cooperates ✔ 49. Read the text and answer the question. Data protection laws, such as the EU General Data Protection Regulation, regulate how organisations collect and use personal data. Personal data is any information relating to an identified or identifiable individual, such as a name, an identification number or location data. Organisations must have a lawful basis for processing such data and must protect it with appropriate security measures. Which of the following would count as personal data under the definition in the text? A) the location data of an identifiable person B) the text of a published statute C) the total number of cars sold nationwide last year D) the average temperature in a city To'g'ri javob: A) the location data of an identifiable person ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 28 50. In contentious cases, the International Court of Justice decides disputes between: A) non-governmental organisations B) corporations C) states D) individuals To'g'ri javob: C) states✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 29 4-variant English • choose the correct answer 1. Which sentence is in the passive voice? A) Our legal team is drafting the contract. B) The contract was drafted by our legal team. C) Our legal team has drafted the contract. D) Our legal team drafted the contract. To'g'ri javob: B) The contract was drafted by our legal team.✔ 2. Choose the correct passive form of: «They were interrogating the prisoner when the lawyer arrived.» A) The prisoner has been interrogated when the lawyer arrived. B) The prisoner had interrogated when the lawyer arrived. C) The prisoner was being interrogated when the lawyer arrived. D) The prisoner was interrogating when the lawyer arrived. To'g'ri javob: C) The prisoner was being interrogated when the lawyer arrived. ✔ 3. The accused expects ___ on bail later today. A) be released B) to be released C) to release D) being released To'g'ri javob: B) to be released ✔ 4. The prisoner ___ early for good behaviour after serving two-thirds of his sentence. A) released B) was releasing C) was released D) has released To'g'ri javob: C) was released ✔ 5. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «He / has worked / as a judge / since ten years.» A) since ten years. B) has worked C) He D) as a judge To'g'ri javob: A) since ten years. ✔ 6. Malicious code that copies itself and spreads automatically across networks without any action by the user is called a: A) rootkit B) Trojan horse C) keylogger D) worm To'g'ri javob: D) worm ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 30 7. The lawyer recommended ___ the hearing until the expert report was ready. A) postponed B) postponing C) to postpone D) postpone To'g'ri javob: B) postponing✔ 8. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «The defendant / refused / answering / any questions.» A) The defendant B) any questions. C) refused D) answering To'g'ri javob: D) answering ✔ 9. I don't like ___ what to do by people who don't understand the law. A) being told B) be told C) telling D) to tell To'g'ri javob: A) being told ✔ 10. The rules of evidence ___ strictly ___ in this court. A) are / following B) is / followed C) have / followed D) are / followed To'g'ri javob: D) are / followed ✔ 11. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «The witness / could not remember / what the robber / was wear.» A) The witness B) was wear. C) what the robber D) could not remember To'g'ri javob: B) was wear. ✔ 12. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «The witness / explained the court / what / she had seen.» A) she had seen. B) The witness C) explained the court D) what To'g'ri javob: C) explained the court ✔ 13. The final stage of money laundering, in which the laundered funds re-enter the legitimate economy, for example through property purchases, is called: A) integration B) layering C) detection D) placement To'g'ri javob: A) integration ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 31 14. Would you mind ___ your name for the record? A) spelt B) spell C) spelling D) to spell To'g'ri javob: C) spelling✔ 15. An employee who reports wrongdoing or corruption within his or her organisation to the authorities is called a: A) informer of rights B) ringleader C) whistleblower D) lobbyist To'g'ri javob: C) whistleblower ✔ 16. The witness hesitated ___ the suspect. A) naming B) to name C) named D) name To'g'ri javob: B) to name ✔ 17. A portion of the value of a public contract that is secretly paid back to the official who awarded the contract is called a: A) kickback B) rebate voucher C) dividend D) royalty To'g'ri javob: A) kickback ✔ 18. She is afraid of ___ the attacker in court. A) met B) meeting C) meet D) to meet To'g'ri javob: B) meeting ✔ 19. Choose the correct passive form of: «Somebody should have informed the family.» A) The family should had been informed. B) The family should be informed have. C) The family should have informed. D) The family should have been informed. To'g'ri javob: D) The family should have been informed. ✔ 20. They have postponed ___ a decision until next week. A) make B) to make C) making D) made To'g'ri javob: C) making ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 32 21. It is essential that every suspect ___ informed of his rights. A) being B) be C) been D) to be To'g'ri javob: B) be✔ 22. The driver got ___ for speeding on the motorway. A) fined B) fining C) fine D) to fine To'g'ri javob: A) fined ✔ 23. It took the investigators three months ___ the case. A) solved B) solve C) solving D) to solve To'g'ri javob: D) to solve ✔ 24. I'm looking forward to ___ from you about the case. A) hearing B) heard C) be heard D) hear To'g'ri javob: A) hearing ✔ 25. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «Each of the witnesses / were / questioned / by the police.» A) were B) by the police. C) questioned D) Each of the witnesses To'g'ri javob: A) were ✔ 26. In the classic three-stage model of money laundering, the first stage, in which illegal cash is introduced into the financial system, is called: A) layering B) placement C) structuring of assets D) integration To'g'ri javob: B) placement ✔ 27. The verdict ___ to the press until both parties have been informed. A) is not releasing B) has not released C) will not release D) will not be released To'g'ri javob: D) will not be released ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 33 28. The detective pretended ___ asleep. A) been B) being C) be D) to be To'g'ri javob: D) to be✔ 29. A temporary prohibition on the transfer or disposal of property, ordered while an investigation is in progress, is called: A) forfeiture B) restitution C) confiscation D) freezing To'g'ri javob: D) freezing ✔ 30. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «The number of / cybercrimes / have increased / dramatically in recent years.» A) The number of B) have increased C) cybercrimes D) dramatically in recent years. To'g'ri javob: B) have increased ✔ 31. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «The new evidence / were presented / to the court / yesterday.» A) were presented B) yesterday. C) to the court D) The new evidence To'g'ri javob: A) were presented ✔ 32. The court prevented the newspaper ___ the photos. A) from publishing B) to publish C) publishing of D) for publishing To'g'ri javob: A) from publishing ✔ 33. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «The police / are looking / for the man / which robbed the bank.» A) for the man B) are looking C) which robbed the bank. D) The police To'g'ri javob: C) which robbed the bank. ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 34 34. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «The lawyer / advised / his client / not saying anything.» A) not saying anything. B) advised C) his client D) The lawyer To'g'ri javob: A) not saying anything.✔ 35. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «The judge / has been working / in this court / since 2015 year.» A) has been working B) The judge C) in this court D) since 2015 year. To'g'ri javob: D) since 2015 year. ✔ 36. Choose the correct passive form of: «You must sign the statement.» A) The statement must be signed. B) The statement must be sign. C) The statement must have signed. D) The statement must signed. To'g'ri javob: A) The statement must be signed. ✔ 37. A minister appoints his nephew and niece to senior posts in his ministry although they lack the necessary qualifications. This practice is called: A) nepotism B) meritocracy C) whistleblowing D) lobbying To'g'ri javob: A) nepotism ✔ 38. A small unofficial payment made to a public official to speed up a routine administrative action, such as issuing a permit, is often called a: A) performance bonus B) facilitation payment C) service charge D) statutory fee To'g'ri javob: B) facilitation payment ✔ 39. The general term for any software designed to damage computers or gain unauthorised access to them is: A) freeware B) firmware C) malware D) shareware To'g'ri javob: C) malware ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 35 40. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «The investigators / are looking forward / to receive / the expert's report.» A) are looking forward B) to receive C) the expert's report. D) The investigators To'g'ri javob: B) to receive✔ 41. The intergovernmental body that sets international standards for combating money laundering and terrorist financing, known for its Recommendations, is the: A) International Monetary Fund B) Basel Committee on Banking Supervision C) World Trade Organization D) Financial Action Task Force To'g'ri javob: D) Financial Action Task Force ✔ 42. The police officer offered ___ me home. A) to drive B) driven C) drive D) driving To'g'ri javob: A) to drive ✔ 43. A public official who uses his or her position to obtain an undue advantage for himself or herself or for another person commits: A) breach of the peace B) abuse of office C) contempt of court D) misprision of treason To'g'ri javob: B) abuse of office ✔ 44. The police failed ___ the suspect in time. A) identify B) to identify C) identified D) identifying To'g'ri javob: B) to identify ✔ 45. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «The defendant / looked / nervously / when the verdict was read.» A) when the verdict was read. B) nervously C) looked D) The defendant To'g'ri javob: B) nervously ✔ 46. So far, three people ___ in the explosion. A) were injuring B) have been injured C) have injured D) are injuring To'g'ri javob: B) have been injured ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 36 47. A numerical label assigned to each device connected to a network, which investigators often use to trace online activity, is called an: A) IP address B) URL C) MAC password D) HTML tag To'g'ri javob: A) IP address✔ 48. The names of the victims ___ yet. A) did not release B) have not been released C) have not released D) are not releasing To'g'ri javob: B) have not been released ✔ 49. Choose the impersonal passive for: «People say that he is corrupt.» A) He is saying to be corrupt. B) He says to be corrupt. C) He is said being corrupt. D) He is said to be corrupt. To'g'ri javob: D) He is said to be corrupt. ✔ 50. The witness refused ___ any questions. A) answer B) to answer C) to answering D) answering To'g'ri javob: B) to answer ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 37 5-variant English • choose the correct answer 1. The rule that a person who has been finally acquitted or convicted cannot be tried again for the same offence is commonly called the rule against: A) retroactivity B) double jeopardy C) self-incrimination D) entrapment To'g'ri javob: B) double jeopardy✔ 2. «I'll pay back the money, I promise,» he said. → He ___ to pay back the money. A) admitted B) promised C) denied D) suggested To'g'ri javob: B) promised ✔ 3. The witness told the court: «I ___ the man in the red jacket before that evening.» A) had never been seen B) had never seen C) never see D) am never seeing To'g'ri javob: B) had never seen ✔ 4. Could you tell me where ___? A) the courtroom it is B) the courtroom is C) does the courtroom be D) is the courtroom To'g'ri javob: B) the courtroom is ✔ 5. Report the question: «What are you doing in my house?» the owner asked the intruder. A) The owner asked the intruder what he was doing in his house. B) The owner asked the intruder what is he doing in his house. C) The owner asked the intruder what he is doing in my house. D) The owner asked the intruder what was he doing in his house. To'g'ri javob: A) The owner asked the intruder what he was doing in his house. ✔ 6. By the time the trial begins, the suspect ___ in pre-trial detention for nearly a year. A) has been B) will have been C) was D) is To'g'ri javob: B) will have been ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 38 7. Choose the correct word: “The police ___ an investigation into the missing funds.” A) started up B) threw C) flew D) launched To'g'ri javob: D) launched✔ 8. Choose the correct word: “By failing to deliver the goods on time, the supplier was in ___ of contract.” A) breach B) breakage C) break D) rupture To'g'ri javob: A) breach ✔ 9. The legal time limit after which criminal proceedings can no longer be started for certain offences is commonly called the: A) sunset clause B) moratorium C) statute of limitations D) grace period To'g'ri javob: C) statute of limitations ✔ 10. Choose the correct word: “The court ___ the ban on the newspaper after the publisher apologised.” A) rose B) elevated C) picked D) lifted To'g'ri javob: D) lifted ✔ 11. Choose the correct word: “The defence lawyer intends to ___ an appeal against the conviction.” A) put B) make up C) raise up D) lodge To'g'ri javob: D) lodge ✔ 12. Keeping an accused person in prison while waiting for the trial is called: A) a suspended sentence B) remand in custody C) community service D) conditional discharge To'g'ri javob: B) remand in custody ✔ 13. The principle that every accused person is considered not guilty until proven guilty according to law is called the: A) presumption of innocence B) principle of legality C) burden of persuasion D) doctrine of precedent To'g'ri javob: A) presumption of innocence ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 39 14. Choose the correct word: “The judge ___ a warrant for his arrest.” A) emitted B) produced C) issued D) published To'g'ri javob: C) issued✔ 15. The group of ordinary citizens chosen to decide questions of fact and deliver a decision on guilt in a trial is the: A) tribunal B) bench C) bar D) jury To'g'ri javob: D) jury ✔ 16. The prosecutor asked the witness ___ she recognised anyone in the courtroom. A) that B) whether C) what D) which To'g'ri javob: B) whether ✔ 17. A person aged under the age of majority who commits an offence is commonly referred to as a: A) infant appellant B) junior defendant C) juvenile offender D) minor claimant To'g'ri javob: C) juvenile offender ✔ 18. Choose the correct word: “All citizens and officials must ___ by the law.” A) respect B) observe C) obey D) abide To'g'ri javob: D) abide ✔ 19. A sentence under which the offender is not sent to prison but remains in the community under the supervision of an officer is: A) remand B) probation C) extradition D) parole To'g'ri javob: B) probation ✔ 20. «You should have reported it earlier,» the inspector said to me. → The inspector said that I ___ it earlier. A) had to have reported B) must report C) should have reported D) should had reported To'g'ri javob: C) should have reported ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 40 21. «I'm sorry I was late for the hearing,» he said. → He ___ for being late for the hearing. A) apologised B) excused C) admitted D) regretted To'g'ri javob: A) apologised✔ 22. The detective asked me ___. A) what time I had left the office B) what time did I leave the office C) that what time I left the office D) what time had I left the office To'g'ri javob: A) what time I had left the office ✔ 23. Our law firm ___ this client since 2019. A) is representing B) represents C) represented D) has represented To'g'ri javob: D) has represented ✔ 24. Choose the correct word: “The lawyers took two weeks to ___ up the contract.” A) bring B) draw C) pull D) take To'g'ri javob: B) draw ✔ 25. The prisoners ___ when the fire alarm suddenly went off. A) have slept B) are sleeping C) sleep D) were sleeping To'g'ri javob: D) were sleeping ✔ 26. A less serious criminal offence, typically punishable by a fine or a short term of imprisonment, is traditionally called a: A) treason B) felony C) indictment D) misdemeanour To'g'ri javob: D) misdemeanour ✔ 27. The accused ___ his innocence ever since his arrest. A) maintains B) maintained C) has maintained D) had maintained To'g'ri javob: C) has maintained ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 41 28. Which sentence uses the present perfect correctly? A) The suspect has escaped, and the police are searching for him. B) When has the suspect escaped? C) The suspect has escaped two days ago. D) The suspect has escaped yesterday. To'g'ri javob: A) The suspect has escaped, and the police are searching for him.✔ 29. Taking another person's property by using force or the threat of force is: A) robbery B) burglary C) theft D) embezzlement To'g'ri javob: A) robbery ✔ 30. The officers ___ the house for two hours when they finally found the weapon. A) were searched B) have been searching C) had been searching D) search To'g'ri javob: C) had been searching ✔ 31. Choose the correct word: “Aggressive tax planners often ___ loopholes in the legislation.” A) explode B) export C) explore D) exploit To'g'ri javob: D) exploit ✔ 32. A court's formal finding that a defendant is guilty of a criminal offence is called a: A) remission B) conviction C) discharge D) reprieve To'g'ri javob: B) conviction ✔ 33. Report the question: «Have you ever been arrested?» the officer asked me. A) The officer asked me have I ever been arrested. B) The officer asked me if I had ever been arrested. C) The officer asked me that I have ever been arrested. D) The officer asked me if had I ever been arrested. To'g'ri javob: B) The officer asked me if I had ever been arrested. ✔ 34. «We arrested him here last night,» the officers said. → The officers said they had arrested him ___. A) there tonight B) there the night before C) here last night D) here the next night To'g'ri javob: B) there the night before ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 42 35. «The Constitution is the supreme law of the country,» the lecturer said. Which report is acceptable, given that the statement is still true? A) The lecturer told that the Constitution is the supreme law of the country. B) The lecturer said that the Constitution will have been the supreme law of the country. C) The lecturer said that the Constitution is the supreme law of the country. D) The lecturer said that the Constitution has been being the supreme law. To'g'ri javob: C) The lecturer said that the Constitution is the supreme law of the country.✔ 36. Choose the correct word: “After two days of deliberation, the jury was unable to ___ a verdict.” A) reach B) take C) do D) win To'g'ri javob: A) reach ✔ 37. Choose the correct word: “Counsel for the Crown began to ___ the case for the prosecution.” A) pretend B) present C) perform D) prevent To'g'ri javob: B) present ✔ 38. Choose the correct word: “The burglar was caught ___-handed by the owner of the house.” A) red B) green C) black D) white To'g'ri javob: A) red ✔ 39. The jury's formal decision as to whether the defendant is guilty or not guilty is called the: A) injunction B) sentence C) indictment D) verdict To'g'ri javob: D) verdict ✔ 40. An employee who dishonestly takes for himself money that was entrusted to him by his employer commits: A) embezzlement B) kidnapping C) burglary D) robbery To'g'ri javob: A) embezzlement ✔ 41. «Let's postpone the meeting,» she said. → She suggested ___ the meeting. A) postponing B) to postpone C) postponed D) postpone To'g'ri javob: A) postponing ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 43 42. «I have never taken a bribe,» the official insisted. → The official insisted that he ___ a bribe. A) had never taken B) has never been taken C) would never take D) never takes To'g'ri javob: A) had never taken✔ 43. When I ___ to the station, the officer on duty had already gone home. A) got B) was getting C) had got D) have got To'g'ri javob: A) got ✔ 44. I promise I ___ anyone about the details of the investigation. A) didn't tell B) won't tell C) don't tell D) haven't told To'g'ri javob: B) won't tell ✔ 45. Choose the correct word: “At the first hearing, the defendant ___ a plea of not guilty.” A) told B) spoke C) said D) entered To'g'ri javob: D) entered ✔ 46. At the moment, the parliamentary committee ___ a draft law on juvenile justice. A) has discussed B) discussed C) is discussing D) discusses To'g'ri javob: C) is discussing ✔ 47. «I'll call you tomorrow,» the detective said to me on Monday. On Friday I report: A) He said he will call me tomorrow. B) He said he would call me yesterday. C) He said he would call me the next day. D) He said he calls me the next day. To'g'ri javob: C) He said he would call me the next day. ✔ 48. The judge will open the hearing as soon as the defendant ___. A) arrived B) will arrive C) would arrive D) arrives To'g'ri javob: D) arrives ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 44 49. Evidence consisting of facts from which the court may infer guilt, such as the accused's fingerprints on the weapon, rather than direct observation of the crime, is called: A) circumstantial evidence B) character evidence C) hearsay evidence D) opinion evidence To'g'ri javob: A) circumstantial evidence✔ 50. The detective ___ the suspect for weeks, but he hasn't made a single mistake yet. A) had watched B) watches C) watched D) has been watching To'g'ri javob: D) has been watching ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 45 6-variant English • choose the correct answer 1. The principle that everyone, including the government and its officials, is subject to the law and equal before it is called the: A) rule of recognition B) rule of law C) reasonable man test D) law of nations To'g'ri javob: B) rule of law✔ 2. This is ___ unique case in our practice. A) (no article) B) an C) a D) the To'g'ri javob: C) a ✔ 3. ___ number of complaints against the police has fallen this year. A) The B) A C) (no article) D) An To'g'ri javob: A) The ✔ 4. Choose the correct meaning: «The defendant must have left the country.» A) The speaker is almost certain he left. B) He will be required to leave. C) He was obliged to leave. D) It is impossible that he left. To'g'ri javob: A) The speaker is almost certain he left. ✔ 5. Officers ___ use force only as a last resort. A) couldn't B) should C) mightn't D) needn't To'g'ri javob: B) should ✔ 6. The legal reasoning essential to a court's decision, which forms a binding precedent for lower courts, is called the: A) amicus curiae B) lex posterior C) obiter dictum D) ratio decidendi To'g'ri javob: D) ratio decidendi ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 46 7. Choose the correct form: “The ___ branch of government interprets and applies the law.” (JUDGE) A) judiciary B) judgmental C) judicious D) judicial To'g'ri javob: D) judicial✔ 8. Choose the correct form: “Article 6 guarantees the right to a hearing by an independent and ___ tribunal.” (PARTIAL) A) unpartial B) dispartial C) nonpartial D) impartial To'g'ri javob: D) impartial ✔ 9. He was sentenced to five years in ___ prison. A) an B) the C) a D) (no article) To'g'ri javob: D) (no article) ✔ 10. In England and Wales, serious criminal cases (indictable offences) are tried by a judge and jury in the: A) magistrates' court B) Court of Protection C) Crown Court D) County Court To'g'ri javob: C) Crown Court ✔ 11. A system in which each branch of government can limit or control the powers of the other branches is called: A) rules of procedure B) chains of command C) checks and balances D) terms of reference To'g'ri javob: C) checks and balances ✔ 12. You ___ wear your uniform at the conference; civilian clothes are fine. A) don't have to B) can't C) mustn't D) shouldn't have To'g'ri javob: A) don't have to ✔ 13. Choose the correct form: “He denied all the ___ made against him.” (ALLEGE) A) alleges B) allegations C) allegiance D) allegedly To'g'ri javob: B) allegations ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 47 14. You can call ___ of my two lawyers; they both know the case well. A) none B) neither C) all D) either To'g'ri javob: D) either✔ 15. A draft law that is presented to parliament for discussion and approval is called a: A) charter B) verdict C) bill D) decree To'g'ri javob: C) bill ✔ 16. The suspect is reported to be armed, so officers ___ approach him with caution. A) needn't B) mightn't C) couldn't D) should To'g'ri javob: D) should ✔ 17. I have ___ doubt that he is lying. A) no B) none C) not D) any To'g'ri javob: A) no ✔ 18. Choose the correct form: “He was sentenced to life ___.” (PRISON) A) prisoned B) imprison C) imprisonment D) prisoner To'g'ri javob: C) imprisonment ✔ 19. Choose the correct form: “The ___ was sentenced to five years in prison.” (OFFEND) A) offended B) offensive C) offender D) offence To'g'ri javob: C) offender ✔ 20. Choose the grammatically correct sentence. A) The suspect must lied. B) The suspect must has lied. C) The suspect must to lie. D) The suspect must have been lying. To'g'ri javob: D) The suspect must have been lying. ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 48 21. A method of dispute resolution in which a neutral third party helps the parties reach their own agreement but does not impose a decision is: A) litigation B) mediation C) adjudication D) arbitration To'g'ri javob: B) mediation✔ 22. Choose the correct form: “The soldiers refused to obey orders from the ___ government installed after the coup.” (LEGITIMATE) A) inlegitimate B) illegitimate C) unlegitimate D) dislegitimate To'g'ri javob: B) illegitimate ✔ 23. There are ___ new laws on cybercrime this year. A) a little B) a great deal of C) much D) several To'g'ri javob: D) several ✔ 24. «Nothing in this Agreement ___ be construed as creating a partnership.» The modal typically used here in legal English is: A) must have B) shall C) might D) could To'g'ri javob: B) shall ✔ 25. When the parties to a civil dispute agree to end it without waiting for a court decision, they reach a(n): A) verdict B) acquittal C) sentence D) settlement To'g'ri javob: D) settlement ✔ 26. In English legal usage, judges collectively are referred to as “the ___”, while barristers collectively are “the Bar”. A) Board B) Bench C) Panel D) Chamber To'g'ri javob: B) Bench ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 49 27. The principle that judges must decide cases impartially and free from pressure by the government or other actors is called judicial: A) independence B) activism C) review D) restraint To'g'ri javob: A) independence✔ 28. ___ furniture in the courtroom is very old. A) Many B) Few C) The D) A To'g'ri javob: C) The ✔ 29. Choose the sentence expressing criticism of a past action. A) The officer can read him his rights. B) The officer must read him his rights. C) The officer should have read him his rights. D) The officer should read him his rights. To'g'ri javob: C) The officer should have read him his rights. ✔ 30. The court heard ___ evidence from three witnesses. A) an B) many C) (no article) D) a To'g'ri javob: C) (no article) ✔ 31. How ___ witnesses testified at the trial? A) a lot B) much C) many D) little To'g'ri javob: C) many ✔ 32. ___ officer in the unit was given a body camera. A) Most B) All C) Both D) Each To'g'ri javob: D) Each ✔ 33. Choose the correct form: “The ___ of the documents was carried out under a valid warrant.” (SEIZE) A) seize B) seizure C) seizable D) seizer To'g'ri javob: B) seizure ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 50 34. In the USA, Congress can override a presidential veto by a ___ vote in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. A) three-fifths B) unanimous C) two-thirds D) simple majority To'g'ri javob: C) two-thirds✔ 35. Choose the correct form: “The law requires the full ___ of all political donations.” (DISCLOSE) A) disclosure B) disclosable C) disclosing D) disclosed To'g'ri javob: A) disclosure ✔ 36. A legislature which consists of two chambers is described as: A) unicameral B) bilateral C) bicameral D) bipartisan To'g'ri javob: C) bicameral ✔ 37. Under the old law, you ___ register a car within ten days; now you have a month. A) need B) have to C) had to D) must To'g'ri javob: C) had to ✔ 38. Choose the correct form: “The suspect ___ stole the money, but this has not yet been proven.” (ALLEGE) A) allegation B) allegedly C) allege D) alleged To'g'ri javob: B) allegedly ✔ 39. On Sundays parking near the court is free, so drivers ___ pay. A) can't B) shouldn't C) mustn't D) needn't To'g'ri javob: D) needn't ✔ 40. The suspect ___ rather remain silent than answer questions without his lawyer. A) should B) could C) had D) would To'g'ri javob: D) would ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 51 41. A state in which power is constitutionally divided between the central government and regional units such as states or provinces is called a ___ state. A) confederal B) unitary C) federal D) city To'g'ri javob: C) federal✔ 42. Choose the correct form: “The court declared the election results ___ because of massive fraud.” (VALID) A) invalidly B) invalidity C) invalidate D) invalid To'g'ri javob: D) invalid ✔ 43. ___ justice must not only be done but must also be seen to be done. A) A B) (no article) C) An D) The To'g'ri javob: B) (no article) ✔ 44. You ___ leave the courtroom before the judge does; it is considered disrespectful. A) shouldn't B) don't have to C) mightn't D) needn't To'g'ri javob: A) shouldn't ✔ 45. ___ suspects were released after questioning. A) Both B) Each C) Neither D) Either To'g'ri javob: A) Both ✔ 46. Under the new rules, officers ___ to complete annual firearms training. A) should B) are required C) must D) shall To'g'ri javob: B) are required ✔ 47. Choose the correct form: “He was charged with conspiracy to ___ the bank.” (FRAUD) A) fraud B) fraudulent C) defraud D) fraudster To'g'ri javob: C) defraud ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 52 48. A legal system based mainly on comprehensive written codes and historically derived from Roman law, typical of continental Europe, is called the ___ system. A) common law B) customary law C) religious law D) civil law To'g'ri javob: D) civil law✔ 49. She graduated from ___ University of London. A) (no article) B) a C) an D) the To'g'ri javob: D) the ✔ 50. Choose the correct form: “He refused to answer questions that might ___ him.” (CRIMINAL) A) recriminate B) discriminate C) criminalise D) incriminate To'g'ri javob: D) incriminate ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 53 7-variant English • choose the correct answer 1. ___ there was no evidence, the suspect was charged. A) In spite of B) However C) Although D) Despite To'g'ri javob: C) Although✔ 2. Imagine you ___ the Minister of Justice. What would you change first? A) will be B) are C) had been D) were To'g'ri javob: D) were ✔ 3. The officers, ___ were exhausted, continued the search. A) most of whom B) most of them C) most of which D) most of who To'g'ri javob: A) most of whom ✔ 4. Read the text and answer the question. Social engineering attacks exploit human psychology rather than technical weaknesses. An attacker may phone an employee, pretend to be from the IT department and ask for a password in order to “fix a problem”. Since even the most secure system can be compromised if a user reveals his credentials, organisations increasingly invest in staff training alongside technical protection. Why do organisations invest in staff training, according to the text? A) Because staff training can completely replace all security software. B) Because IT departments are usually dishonest. C) Because technical protection is illegal. D) Because users can be tricked into giving away access. To'g'ri javob: D) Because users can be tricked into giving away access. ✔ 5. Read the text and answer the question. In England and Wales, a jury in the Crown Court consists of twelve members of the public selected at random. Jurors decide questions of fact, while the judge decides questions of law and, if the defendant is convicted, passes sentence. Jurors are not required to give reasons for their verdict, and their deliberations are secret. Which statement is supported by the text? A) Jurors must explain the reasons for their verdict. B) The jury decides both questions of fact and of law. C) Jurors are chosen from among practising lawyers. D) The judge, not the jury, determines the sentence. To'g'ri javob: D) The judge, not the jury, determines the sentence. ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 54 6. Read the text and answer the question. A hospital's computer system was recently infected with ransomware. Patient records were encrypted, and the attackers demanded payment in cryptocurrency in exchange for the decryption key. The hospital refused to pay and restored its data from backups made the previous day. Investigators are now trying to trace the attackers, who are believed to operate from abroad. Why was the hospital able to recover its data without paying? A) The records had not actually been encrypted. B) The investigators found the decryption key. C) The attackers released the data voluntarily. D) It had recent backup copies of the data. To'g'ri javob: D) It had recent backup copies of the data.✔ 7. If the defendant were found guilty, he ___ to appeal. A) is entitled B) would be entitled C) will be entitled D) would have been entitled To'g'ri javob: B) would be entitled ✔ 8. But for the witness's testimony, the defendant ___ convicted last year. A) is B) had been C) would have been D) will be To'g'ri javob: C) would have been ✔ 9. Which of the following rights is regarded as absolute, permitting no derogation or limitation, under both the ECHR and the ICCPR? A) freedom of expression B) freedom of assembly C) freedom from torture D) right to respect for private life To'g'ri javob: C) freedom from torture ✔ 10. If I ___ the money, I'd hire the best defence lawyer in the city. A) would have B) had C) had had D) have To'g'ri javob: B) had ✔ 11. A draft resolution of the UN Security Council on a substantive (non-procedural) matter is NOT adopted if: A) the Secretary-General objects to it B) any permanent member votes against it C) the General Assembly has not debated it D) any non-permanent member abstains To'g'ri javob: B) any permanent member votes against it ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 55 12. A person who is not considered as a national by any state under the operation of its law is described as: A) stateless B) naturalised C) expatriate D) dual national To'g'ri javob: A) stateless✔ 13. Choose the correct meaning: «If he had listened to his lawyer, he wouldn't be in prison now.» A) He will listen and stay free. B) He listened, and he is free now. C) He didn't listen, and he is in prison now. D) He listened, but he is in prison. To'g'ri javob: C) He didn't listen, and he is in prison now. ✔ 14. The UN body of experts responsible for the progressive development and codification of international law is the: A) International Law Commission B) Human Rights Committee C) Economic and Social Council D) International Court of Justice To'g'ri javob: A) International Law Commission ✔ 15. The body of law that regulates the conduct of hostilities once an armed conflict has begun is called: A) jus in bello B) jus soli C) jus ad bellum D) jus sanguinis To'g'ri javob: A) jus in bello ✔ 16. Read the text and answer the question. Restorative justice focuses on repairing the harm caused by a crime rather than simply punishing the offender. It often involves a meeting between the victim and the offender, organised by a trained facilitator, in which the offender hears about the impact of his actions and may apologise or offer reparation. Participation is voluntary for both sides. Research suggests that victims who take part often feel more satisfied with the justice process. Which statement about restorative justice is supported by the text? A) It is organised by the defendant's lawyer. B) It aims mainly at increasing punishment. C) It replaces all criminal trials. D) Victims cannot be forced to take part. To'g'ri javob: D) Victims cannot be forced to take part. ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 56 17. Read the text and answer the question. Identity thieves obtain personal information through various methods, including stolen mail, data breaches and fake websites. With this information they may open bank accounts, apply for loans or make purchases in the victim's name. Victims often discover the crime only months later, when they receive bills for debts they never incurred. How do victims often discover identity theft, according to the text? A) by noticing that their post has stopped arriving at their home B) by a court notice sent immediately C) by being warned by the thief D) by receiving bills for debts they did not make To'g'ri javob: D) by receiving bills for debts they did not make✔ 18. Read the text and answer the question. The principle of non-refoulement prohibits states from returning a person to a country where he or she would face a real risk of persecution, torture or other serious harm. The principle applies not only to recognised refugees but also, in human rights law, to anyone facing such a risk. It applies at the border as well as within the territory of the state. According to the text, the principle of non-refoulement: A) applies only to people who have been officially recognised as refugees B) also applies to persons at the border of a state C) allows return if the person entered the country illegally D) applies only within the capital city of the state To'g'ri javob: B) also applies to persons at the border of a state ✔ 19. Read the text and answer the question. An ombudsman is an independent official who investigates complaints by individuals against public bodies. He or she usually cannot overturn decisions or award binding damages, but can make recommendations and publish reports. Because government agencies wish to avoid public criticism, these recommendations are followed in most cases. Access to the ombudsman is normally free of charge. Why are the ombudsman's recommendations usually followed? A) Public bodies want to avoid negative publicity. B) The ombudsman can dismiss officials. C) They have the force of legally binding court orders. D) Citizens must pay for them. To'g'ri javob: A) Public bodies want to avoid negative publicity. ✔ 20. Choose the sentence that expresses a real, likely condition. A) If only the jury had reached a verdict. B) If the jury had reached a verdict, we would have known the result. C) If the jury reaches a verdict today, we will know the result tonight. D) If the jury reached a verdict, we would know the result. To'g'ri javob: C) If the jury reaches a verdict today, we will know the result tonight. ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 57 21. The suspect won't say a word ___ his lawyer arrives. A) until B) by the time C) by D) during To'g'ri javob: A) until✔ 22. If the court ___ the appeal, the case will be sent back for retrial. A) will allow B) allowed C) would allow D) allows To'g'ri javob: D) allows ✔ 23. Read the text and answer the question. In English law, the defence of insanity is based on the M'Naghten Rules of 1843. The defendant must show that, at the time of the act, he was suffering from a defect of reason caused by a disease of the mind, so that he did not know the nature and quality of his act or did not know that what he was doing was wrong. A successful plea leads to a special verdict of “not guilty by reason of insanity”. What is the result of a successful insanity plea, according to the text? A) a special verdict of not guilty by reason of insanity B) an ordinary conviction followed by a substantially reduced sentence C) a conviction for manslaughter D) an automatic retrial before a new jury To'g'ri javob: A) a special verdict of not guilty by reason of insanity ✔ 24. ___ the absence of the judge, the hearing was cancelled. A) Since B) As C) Owing to D) Because To'g'ri javob: C) Owing to ✔ 25. The UN body of independent experts that monitors the implementation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights is the: A) Human Rights Council B) Security Council C) Human Rights Committee D) International Law Commission To'g'ri javob: C) Human Rights Committee ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 58 26. Read the text and answer the question. In the inquisitorial system, which is typical of many civil-law countries, the judge plays an active role in establishing the facts. An investigating judge or the prosecutor gathers evidence, and the trial judge questions witnesses directly. In the adversarial system, by contrast, each party gathers its own evidence and the judge acts mainly as a neutral referee. In the adversarial system, the judge acts mainly as: A) the chief investigator who gathers all the evidence in the case B) the representative of the victim C) a neutral referee between the parties D) the defendant's adviser To'g'ri javob: C) a neutral referee between the parties✔ 27. Read the text and answer the question. Freedom of expression is not an absolute right. A state may restrict it, for example to protect national security or the reputation of others, but only if the restriction is prescribed by law, pursues a legitimate aim and is necessary in a democratic society. In assessing necessity, courts examine whether the restriction is proportionate to the aim pursued. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a requirement for restricting freedom of expression? A) pursuing a legitimate aim B) being necessary in a democratic society C) being prescribed by law D) approval by a referendum To'g'ri javob: D) approval by a referendum ✔ 28. ___ I know, the case has not been closed yet. A) As well as B) As soon as C) As far as D) As long as To'g'ri javob: C) As far as ✔ 29. Before bringing an application to the European Court of Human Rights, an applicant must normally have used all effective legal remedies available in his or her own country. This requirement is called: A) the principle of subsidiarity of costs B) exhaustion of domestic remedies C) the clean hands doctrine D) the margin of appreciation To'g'ri javob: B) exhaustion of domestic remedies ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 59 30. Read the text and answer the question. Plea bargaining is common in the United States, where the great majority of criminal cases end without a full trial. The defendant agrees to plead guilty, usually to a less serious charge, and in return the prosecution recommends a lighter sentence. Supporters say it saves time and money; critics argue that innocent defendants may plead guilty to avoid the risk of a harsher punishment. What concern do critics of plea bargaining express? A) Prosecutors lose control over which charges are brought. B) Judges are no longer involved in sentencing at all. C) Innocent people may plead guilty out of fear of a heavier sentence. D) It makes criminal trials considerably longer and far more expensive. To'g'ri javob: C) Innocent people may plead guilty out of fear of a heavier sentence.✔ 31. This is the court ___ the trial will take place. A) who B) whose C) which D) where To'g'ri javob: D) where ✔ 32. The man to ___ the letter was addressed has disappeared. A) whom B) which C) who D) that To'g'ri javob: A) whom ✔ 33. Which of the following documents is NOT part of the so-called International Bill of Human Rights? A) the Universal Declaration of Human Rights B) the European Convention on Human Rights C) the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights D) the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights To'g'ri javob: B) the European Convention on Human Rights ✔ 34. ___ the lack of evidence, the suspect was charged. A) However B) In spite C) Although D) Despite To'g'ri javob: D) Despite ✔ 35. The supreme authority of a state within its territory and its independence from external control is called: A) suzerainty B) sovereignty C) hegemony D) autonomy To'g'ri javob: B) sovereignty ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 60 36. ___ the law, a detainee must be brought before a judge without undue delay. A) Instead of B) Apart from C) According to D) Due to To'g'ri javob: C) According to✔ 37. Which of the following states is NOT a permanent member of the UN Security Council? A) Russia B) Germany C) France D) China To'g'ri javob: B) Germany ✔ 38. Choose the sentence with a correct non-defining relative clause. A) My brother, which works for the prosecutor's office, lives in Bukhara. B) My brother, he works for the prosecutor's office, lives in Bukhara. C) My brother, that works for the prosecutor's office, lives in Bukhara. D) My brother, who works for the prosecutor's office, lives in Bukhara. To'g'ri javob: D) My brother, who works for the prosecutor's office, lives in Bukhara. ✔ 39. The reason ___ he was arrested is still unclear. A) why B) which C) what D) where To'g'ri javob: A) why ✔ 40. If the police ___ more resources, they could solve more cases. A) had B) had had C) will have D) have To'g'ri javob: A) had ✔ 41. 1995 was the year ___ the law was adopted. A) when B) whose C) where D) which To'g'ri javob: A) when ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 61 42. Read the text and answer the question. A conflict of interest does not in itself mean that an official is corrupt. It arises whenever an official's private interests could improperly influence his public duties. The key is how the conflict is managed: officials are usually required to declare the interest and to withdraw from decisions in which they are personally involved. Corruption occurs when the official actually abuses his position for private gain. According to the text, how should a conflict of interest normally be managed? A) by declaring it and withdrawing from the decision B) by resigning from public service immediately and permanently C) by keeping it confidential D) by reporting it to the media To'g'ri javob: A) by declaring it and withdrawing from the decision✔ 43. If the guard ___ asleep, the prisoners couldn't have escaped. A) didn't fall B) wouldn't fall C) hadn't fallen D) doesn't fall To'g'ri javob: C) hadn't fallen ✔ 44. If the police ___ not acted so quickly, many more people would have been injured. A) had B) would C) did D) have To'g'ri javob: A) had ✔ 45. Which sentence is a correct second conditional? A) If I have more evidence, I would charge him. B) If I would have more evidence, I would charge him. C) If I had more evidence, I will charge him. D) If I had more evidence, I would charge him. To'g'ri javob: D) If I had more evidence, I would charge him. ✔ 46. The witness was unreliable. ___, her evidence was ignored by the court. A) Despite B) Although C) Whereas D) Consequently To'g'ri javob: D) Consequently ✔ 47. The International Criminal Court was established by a treaty adopted in 1998 known as the: A) Rome Statute B) Hague Regulations C) Vienna Convention D) Geneva Protocol To'g'ri javob: A) Rome Statute ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 62 48. An independent expert appointed by the UN Human Rights Council to examine and report on a specific country situation or human rights theme is called a: A) High Commissioner B) Special Rapporteur C) Ombudsperson for Refugees D) Secretary-General To'g'ri javob: B) Special Rapporteur✔ 49. The act by which a state formally confirms at the international level its consent to be bound by a treaty it has signed is called: A) ratification B) accreditation C) codification D) promulgation To'g'ri javob: A) ratification ✔ 50. As long as you ___ the conditions of your probation, you won't go back to prison. A) complied with B) will comply with C) would comply with D) comply with To'g'ri javob: D) comply with ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 63 8-variant English • choose the correct answer 1. A new law on data protection ___ next month. A) introduces B) is going to introduce C) is going to be introduced D) has been introducing To'g'ri javob: C) is going to be introduced✔ 2. The detainee complained that he ___ access to a lawyer. A) had been denied B) was denying C) has denied D) had denied To'g'ri javob: A) had been denied ✔ 3. This law ___ in 1995 and ___ several times since then. A) was passing / has been amending B) passed / has amended C) has been passed / was amended D) was passed / has been amended To'g'ri javob: D) was passed / has been amended ✔ 4. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «Corruption / is / one of the most serious problem / facing many countries.» A) Corruption B) facing many countries. C) one of the most serious problem D) is To'g'ri javob: C) one of the most serious problem ✔ 5. An incident in which confidential or personal data held by an organisation is accessed or disclosed without authorisation is called a: A) data audit B) data migration C) data breach D) data backup To'g'ri javob: C) data breach ✔ 6. By the time the officers returned, the evidence ___. A) was tampering with B) had been tampered with C) has been tampered D) had tampered with To'g'ri javob: B) had been tampered with ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 64 7. The accused ___ his rights in a language he understands. A) must inform of B) must be informed of C) must be informed D) must informing To'g'ri javob: B) must be informed of✔ 8. I clearly remember ___ the door before I left the office — I'm sure of it. A) to locking B) lock C) locking D) to lock To'g'ri javob: C) locking ✔ 9. A company that exists only on paper, has no real business operations and may be used to hide the true owners of assets is called a: A) holding company B) joint-stock company C) shell company D) public utility To'g'ri javob: C) shell company ✔ 10. We regret ___ you that your application has been rejected. A) informing B) inform C) informed D) to inform To'g'ri javob: D) to inform ✔ 11. Are you interested in ___ for Interpol? A) working B) worked C) work D) to work To'g'ri javob: A) working ✔ 12. The official is alleged ___ public funds last year. A) to have embezzled B) to embezzle C) embezzling D) having embezzled To'g'ri javob: A) to have embezzled ✔ 13. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «The criminal / was sentenced / for ten years / in prison.» A) was sentenced B) in prison. C) for ten years D) The criminal To'g'ri javob: C) for ten years ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 65 14. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «The victim / has right / to receive / compensation.» A) The victim B) to receive C) has right D) compensation. To'g'ri javob: C) has right✔ 15. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «The lawyer gave me / several useful advices / about how / to file the claim.» A) several useful advices B) The lawyer gave me C) about how D) to file the claim. To'g'ri javob: A) several useful advices ✔ 16. Breaking a large sum of illegal cash into many small deposits below the reporting threshold in order to avoid detection is known as: A) underwriting B) integration C) structuring D) hedging To'g'ri javob: C) structuring ✔ 17. The process of converting information into a code so that only authorised parties can read it is called: A) compression B) authentication C) formatting D) encryption To'g'ri javob: D) encryption ✔ 18. A security system that monitors and filters incoming and outgoing network traffic according to set rules is a: A) firewall B) browser C) modem D) botnet To'g'ri javob: A) firewall ✔ 19. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «A lawyer / must keep / informations about clients / confidential.» A) informations about clients B) must keep C) confidential. D) A lawyer To'g'ri javob: A) informations about clients ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 66 20. The recovery and examination of data from computers and mobile devices in a way that makes it usable as evidence in court is called: A) cloud computing B) data mining C) network administration D) digital forensics To'g'ri javob: D) digital forensics✔ 21. The stolen car ___ before the police arrived. A) had abandoned B) has been abandoned C) was abandoning D) had been abandoned To'g'ri javob: D) had been abandoned ✔ 22. Manipulating people psychologically, for example by pretending to be IT support, in order to make them disclose confidential information is known as: A) reverse engineering B) data encryption C) penetration testing D) social engineering To'g'ri javob: D) social engineering ✔ 23. The obligation of public officials to explain and justify their decisions and to accept responsibility for them is called: A) accountability B) immunity C) discretion D) hierarchy To'g'ri javob: A) accountability ✔ 24. English ___ as a working language in many international organisations. A) used B) is used C) is using D) uses To'g'ri javob: B) is used ✔ 25. The police managed ___ all the hostages. A) to freeing B) free C) freeing D) to free To'g'ri javob: D) to free ✔ 26. An attack in which a website is made unavailable by flooding it with traffic from many compromised computers is a: A) distributed denial-of-service attack B) man-in-the-middle attack C) brute-force attack D) SQL injection attack To'g'ri javob: A) distributed denial-of-service attack ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 67 27. The detective spent the whole night ___ CCTV footage. A) watching B) watch C) watched D) to watch To'g'ri javob: A) watching✔ 28. She is used to ___ long hours at the police station. A) working B) be working C) worked D) work To'g'ri javob: A) working ✔ 29. He was made ___ the document against his will. A) signing B) sign C) signed D) to sign To'g'ri javob: D) to sign ✔ 30. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «The prosecutor / said / the jury / that the evidence was clear.» A) that the evidence was clear. B) The prosecutor C) said D) the jury To'g'ri javob: C) said ✔ 31. A scam in which the victim is promised a large sum of money in return for a small payment in advance, which is never repaid, is called: A) bid rigging B) tax evasion C) insider trading D) advance-fee fraud To'g'ri javob: D) advance-fee fraud ✔ 32. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «Unless / the defendant / doesn't pay the fine, / he will go to prison.» A) Unless B) the defendant C) doesn't pay the fine, D) he will go to prison. To'g'ri javob: C) doesn't pay the fine, ✔ 33. He can't help ___ nervous in court. A) to feel B) felt C) feeling D) feel To'g'ri javob: C) feeling ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 68 34. They suspected him ___ the evidence. A) for destroying B) to destroy C) of destroying D) destroying To'g'ri javob: C) of destroying✔ 35. The first international treaty on crimes committed via the Internet and other computer networks, opened for signature by the Council of Europe in 2001, is commonly called the: A) Lanzarote Convention B) Palermo Convention C) Budapest Convention D) Merida Convention To'g'ri javob: C) Budapest Convention ✔ 36. An individual who is or has been entrusted with a prominent public function, and who is therefore subject to enhanced due diligence by banks, is called a: A) public servant of record B) protected person C) person of interest D) politically exposed person To'g'ri javob: D) politically exposed person ✔ 37. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «The defendant, / which was arrested / yesterday, / is a former official.» A) The defendant, B) which was arrested C) yesterday, D) is a former official. To'g'ri javob: B) which was arrested ✔ 38. Choose the correct passive form of: «They have closed the investigation.» A) The investigation was closed. B) The investigation has been closed. C) The investigation had been closed. D) The investigation is being closed. To'g'ri javob: B) The investigation has been closed. ✔ 39. The suspect avoided ___ the officers' eyes. A) to meeting B) to meet C) meeting D) meet To'g'ri javob: C) meeting ✔ 40. By driving without insurance, the defendant risked ___ his licence. A) lose B) losing C) lost D) to lose To'g'ri javob: B) losing ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 69 41. The suspect is thought ___ the country last week. A) to have left B) to leave C) leaving D) to be leaving To'g'ri javob: A) to have left✔ 42. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «She / is responsible / of managing / the firm's legal affairs.» A) of managing B) She C) is responsible D) the firm's legal affairs. To'g'ri javob: A) of managing ✔ 43. Repeatedly using the Internet, email or social media to harass, threaten or monitor a specific person is called: A) cybersquatting B) cryptojacking C) hacktivism D) cyberstalking To'g'ri javob: D) cyberstalking ✔ 44. The judge let the defendant ___ a final statement. A) made B) making C) make D) to make To'g'ri javob: C) make ✔ 45. Which sentence is grammatically incorrect? A) The accident was reported at night. B) The accident was happened at night. C) The accident happened at night. D) The accident was investigated at night. To'g'ri javob: B) The accident was happened at night. ✔ 46. The lawyer advised her ___ anything without reading it. A) not to sign B) not signing C) don't sign D) to not signing To'g'ri javob: A) not to sign ✔ 47. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «If the witness / would have told the truth, / the innocent man / would not have been convicted.» A) the innocent man B) would have told the truth, C) would not have been convicted. D) If the witness To'g'ri javob: B) would have told the truth, ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 70 48. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «It is / the first time / the court / hears such a case.» A) hears such a case. B) It is C) the court D) the first time To'g'ri javob: A) hears such a case.✔ 49. There's no point in ___ the witness again. A) calling B) to call C) call D) called To'g'ri javob: A) calling ✔ 50. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «The company / failed to comply / to the new / data protection rules.» A) data protection rules. B) to the new C) failed to comply D) The company To'g'ri javob: B) to the new ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 71 9-variant English • choose the correct answer 1. «I was driving at 50 km/h,» the driver claimed. → The driver claimed that he ___ at 50 km/h. A) has been driving B) is driving C) had been driving D) will be driving To'g'ri javob: C) had been driving✔ 2. Ms Lee ___ human trafficking cases for most of her career, and she still does. A) investigated B) has investigated C) had investigated D) was investigating To'g'ri javob: B) has investigated ✔ 3. When the patrol officer stopped the car, the driver ___ at over 120 km/h. A) was driving B) drives C) has driven D) has been driving To'g'ri javob: A) was driving ✔ 4. «This is the weapon,» the forensic expert said. → The expert said ___ the weapon. A) that was B) here was C) this is D) these were To'g'ri javob: A) that was ✔ 5. «I'm afraid your appeal has been rejected,» the lawyer said to us. → The lawyer ___ that the appeal had been rejected. A) said us B) told C) informed us D) spoke us To'g'ri javob: C) informed us ✔ 6. Choose the correct preposition: “The district court has no jurisdiction ___ this matter.” A) from B) at C) to D) over To'g'ri javob: D) over ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 72 7. Choose the correct word: “The officials were found to be acting in ___ of the law.” A) contravention B) convention C) contradiction D) contention To'g'ri javob: A) contravention✔ 8. The formal questioning of a suspect by investigators, usually at a police station, is called: A) cross-examination B) arraignment C) interrogation D) deposition To'g'ri javob: C) interrogation ✔ 9. An arrangement in which the defendant pleads guilty to a lesser charge in return for a more lenient sentence or other concession is a: A) deferred judgment B) suspended sentence C) plea bargain D) bail bond To'g'ri javob: C) plea bargain ✔ 10. When the guard ___ the noise, he ran to the cell. A) had been hearing B) was hearing C) heard D) has heard To'g'ri javob: C) heard ✔ 11. Mr Karimov ___ to the court three times so far, but he has never received a reply. A) writes B) has written C) wrote D) had written To'g'ri javob: B) has written ✔ 12. Repeated offending by a person who has previously been convicted and punished is called: A) recidivism B) remission C) retribution D) rehabilitation To'g'ri javob: A) recidivism ✔ 13. Choose the correct word: “The new rules will ___ into force on 1 January.” A) come B) get C) put D) go To'g'ri javob: A) come ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 73 14. «Put your hands up!» the officer shouted at the man. → The officer ___ the man to put his hands up. A) admitted B) ordered C) suggested D) said To'g'ri javob: B) ordered✔ 15. The obligation of a party to prove the facts that it alleges is known as the: A) right of reply B) burden of proof C) standard of care D) duty of disclosure To'g'ri javob: B) burden of proof ✔ 16. «You can leave now,» the officer said to the witness. → The officer told the witness that she ___ leave. A) could B) must have C) would have D) can be To'g'ri javob: A) could ✔ 17. The forensic laboratory ___ the DNA samples since Monday, and the results are expected tomorrow. A) is analysed B) has been analysing C) analysed D) analyses To'g'ri javob: B) has been analysing ✔ 18. Choose the correct word: “Before the jury retired, the judge ___ them on the relevant law.” A) managed B) led C) directed D) conducted To'g'ri javob: C) directed ✔ 19. «Congratulations on passing your bar exam!» they said to her. → They ___ her on passing her bar exam. A) congratulated B) praised C) thanked D) admired To'g'ri javob: A) congratulated ✔ 20. Choose the correct word: “Parliament ___ new legislation on cybersecurity last year.” A) overcame B) passed C) crossed D) went To'g'ri javob: B) passed ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 74 21. «Don't talk to the press, it's dangerous for your case,» the lawyer said. → The lawyer ___ me not to talk to the press. A) warned B) insisted C) said D) suggested To'g'ri javob: A) warned✔ 22. A criminal procedure in which the judge plays an active role in investigating the facts and questioning witnesses, typical of many civil-law countries, is described as: A) accusatorial B) adversarial C) customary D) inquisitorial To'g'ri javob: D) inquisitorial ✔ 23. Choose the correct word: “The parties failed to ___ the deadline for submitting documents.” A) hold B) keep up C) meet D) fill To'g'ri javob: C) meet ✔ 24. Choose the correct word: “Confessions ___ by torture are inadmissible as evidence.” A) obtained B) contained C) retained D) detained To'g'ri javob: A) obtained ✔ 25. According to the official court timetable, the hearing ___ at 10 a.m. tomorrow. A) had started B) starts C) started D) has started To'g'ri javob: B) starts ✔ 26. Complete the sentence: “The police decided to ___ him with burglary.” A) charge B) accuse C) suspect D) blame To'g'ri javob: A) charge ✔ 27. The witness ___ her statement by the time the defence lawyer arrived. A) had already given B) has already given C) is already giving D) already gives To'g'ri javob: A) had already given ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 75 28. The investigator ___ to Samarkand last week to interview a witness. A) flies B) has flown C) flew D) had flown To'g'ri javob: C) flew✔ 29. Choose the correct word: “The court ___ the claimant damages of 10,000 dollars.” A) earned B) honoured C) awarded D) rewarded To'g'ri javob: C) awarded ✔ 30. New recruits soon ___ working night shifts. A) are used to get B) use to C) used to D) get used to To'g'ri javob: D) get used to ✔ 31. She asked me what ___. A) the lawyer did say B) the lawyer had said C) did the lawyer say D) had the lawyer said To'g'ri javob: B) the lawyer had said ✔ 32. She ___ me that the hearing had been cancelled. A) told B) talked C) said D) spoke To'g'ri javob: A) told ✔ 33. We will not sign the settlement until our lawyers ___ every clause. A) will have checked B) will check C) checked D) have checked To'g'ri javob: D) have checked ✔ 34. It's the first time this court ___ a case of cryptocurrency fraud. A) heard B) hears C) has heard D) is hearing To'g'ri javob: C) has heard ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 76 35. Choose the correct word: “The Court of Appeal ___ the lower court's decision and dismissed the appeal.” A) kept up B) raised C) upheld D) held up To'g'ri javob: C) upheld✔ 36. Obtaining money or property from a person by means of threats or intimidation is known as: A) forgery B) perjury C) arson D) extortion To'g'ri javob: D) extortion ✔ 37. An agreement between two or more people to commit a crime is itself an offence called criminal: A) conspiracy B) complicity C) negligence D) recidivism To'g'ri javob: A) conspiracy ✔ 38. A defendant argues that he used reasonable force only to protect himself from an imminent attack. His defence is: A) necessity B) self-defence C) diminished responsibility D) duress To'g'ri javob: B) self-defence ✔ 39. Report the request: «Sign here, please,» the clerk said to me. A) The clerk asked me signing there. B) The clerk asked me to sign there. C) The clerk said me to sign there. D) The clerk asked me sign here. To'g'ri javob: B) The clerk asked me to sign there. ✔ 40. Choose the correct word: “The magistrates refused to ___ bail because the defendant might flee the country.” A) lend B) grant C) award D) issue To'g'ri javob: B) grant ✔ 41. At trial, the questioning of a witness by the party who did NOT call that witness is called: A) cross-examination B) examination-in-chief C) interrogation D) re-examination To'g'ri javob: A) cross-examination ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 77 42. Offences for which the prosecution does not have to prove intention or negligence, such as many minor traffic and regulatory offences, are called ___ offences. A) specific intent B) vicarious intent C) strict liability D) inchoate To'g'ri javob: C) strict liability✔ 43. Do you know whether the witness ___ yet? A) has she arrived B) did she arrive C) arrive D) has arrived To'g'ri javob: D) has arrived ✔ 44. A person who, knowing that a crime has been committed, helps the offender to avoid arrest is traditionally called: A) an agent provocateur B) a principal offender C) an accessory after the fact D) an accessory before the fact To'g'ri javob: C) an accessory after the fact ✔ 45. Choose the correct word: “His conviction was ___ on appeal because the trial judge had misdirected the jury.” A) squashed B) quashed C) smashed D) crushed To'g'ri javob: B) quashed ✔ 46. Choose the correct preposition: “She was accused ___ accepting bribes from contractors.” A) of B) for C) with D) in To'g'ri javob: A) of ✔ 47. Choose the correct word: “She ___ a complaint with the ombudsman about the delay.” A) fired B) filed C) filled D) fixed To'g'ri javob: B) filed ✔ 48. In the past, police officers ___ paper notebooks; today they use tablets. A) used to carry B) use to carry C) are used to carrying D) were used to carry To'g'ri javob: A) used to carry ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 78 49. «Don't touch anything,» the forensic officer said to us. → The forensic officer ___ us not to touch anything. A) told B) said C) talked D) spoke To'g'ri javob: A) told✔ 50. A defendant claims that at the time of the robbery he was at a wedding in another city. This line of defence is called a(n): A) insanity plea B) provocation C) alibi D) duress To'g'ri javob: C) alibi ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 79 10-variant English • choose the correct answer 1. ___ European Court of Human Rights is based in Strasbourg. A) The B) (no article) C) An D) A To'g'ri javob: A) The✔ 2. Choose the correct form: “Switzerland is known for its traditional policy of ___.” (NEUTRAL) A) neutralise B) neutrality C) neutrally D) neutralized To'g'ri javob: B) neutrality ✔ 3. A contract which is valid until one party chooses to set it aside, for example because of misrepresentation, is described as: A) voidless B) voidable C) void D) avoided To'g'ri javob: B) voidable ✔ 4. Choose the correct form: “The ___ found the stolen car in a garage outside the city.” (INVESTIGATE) A) investigation B) investigator C) investment D) investigative To'g'ri javob: B) investigator ✔ 5. ___ police officer who arrested the suspect yesterday has received an award; she is the one standing by the door. A) An B) A C) The D) (no article) To'g'ri javob: C) The ✔ 6. A court that reviews the decisions of lower courts is called an ___ court. A) trial B) appellate C) inferior D) original To'g'ri javob: B) appellate ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 80 7. ___ United Nations was founded in 1945. A) A B) The C) (no article) D) An To'g'ri javob: B) The✔ 8. «The Court may, at its discretion, adjourn the hearing.» This means the court: A) has the power but not the duty to adjourn B) is obliged to adjourn C) has already adjourned D) is forbidden to adjourn To'g'ri javob: A) has the power but not the duty to adjourn ✔ 9. He is ___ best criminal lawyer in the city. A) a B) (no article) C) an D) the To'g'ri javob: D) the ✔ 10. Drug trafficking is ___ serious problem in many countries. A) the B) a C) an D) (no article) To'g'ri javob: B) a ✔ 11. Where's the warrant? — I'm not sure. Kamola ___ have taken it to the judge. A) must B) may C) needn't D) can't To'g'ri javob: B) may ✔ 12. ___ the evidence points to the same conclusion. A) Each B) All C) Many D) Every To'g'ri javob: B) All ✔ 13. Which phrase correctly refers to a single item of proof? A) a evidence B) a piece of evidence C) an evidence D) one evidence To'g'ri javob: B) a piece of evidence ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 81 14. The lights in his flat are on and his car is outside. He ___ be at home. A) mustn't B) can't C) needn't D) must To'g'ri javob: D) must✔ 15. In England and Wales, the vast majority of minor criminal cases are tried in: A) the High Court B) the Supreme Court C) the Crown Court D) magistrates' courts To'g'ri javob: D) magistrates' courts ✔ 16. The defence ___ call further witnesses if it wishes; it is not obliged to do so. A) has to B) shall C) may D) must To'g'ri javob: C) may ✔ 17. The person to whom a payment or a cheque is made out is the: A) payor B) payer C) payee D) paying To'g'ri javob: C) payee ✔ 18. Detainees ___ to make one telephone call after their arrest. A) can B) may C) must D) are allowed To'g'ri javob: D) are allowed ✔ 19. Choose the correct form: “Making ___ insurance claims is a criminal offence.” (FRAUD) A) defraud B) fraudster C) fraudulent D) fraudulence To'g'ri javob: C) fraudulent ✔ 20. There were ___ cars in the car park that the police couldn't check them all. A) so many B) too much C) such many D) so much To'g'ri javob: A) so many ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 82 21. ___ you mind waiting outside the courtroom for a few minutes? A) Would B) Must C) May D) Shall To'g'ri javob: A) Would✔ 22. Choose the correct form: “Holding a person to stop him committing a future offence is called ___ detention.” (PREVENT) A) prevented B) preventable C) prevention D) preventive To'g'ri javob: D) preventive ✔ 23. Choose the correct form: “The trial ended in an ___, and the defendant walked free.” (ACQUIT) A) acquitting B) acquittal C) acquitment D) acquittance To'g'ri javob: B) acquittal ✔ 24. Choose the correct form: “The defence challenged the ___ of the confession.” (ADMIT) A) admissible B) admit C) admissibly D) admissibility To'g'ri javob: D) admissibility ✔ 25. Choose the correct form: “The suspect is fighting his ___ to the country where the crime was committed.” (EXTRADITE) A) extraditable B) extradition C) extradited D) extraditing To'g'ri javob: B) extradition ✔ 26. There is ___ evidence to convict him, so we must let him go. A) none B) any C) not D) no To'g'ri javob: D) no ✔ 27. The witness ___ remember the car's registration number, although he tried hard. A) shouldn't B) needn't C) couldn't D) mustn't To'g'ri javob: C) couldn't ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 83 28. The first ten amendments to the Constitution of the United States are collectively known as the: A) Bill of Rights B) Federalist Papers C) Articles of Confederation D) Declaration of Independence To'g'ri javob: A) Bill of Rights✔ 29. Choose the correct form: “Members of parliament in many countries enjoy ___ from prosecution for statements made in parliament.” (IMMUNE) A) immunology B) immunity C) immunise D) immunisation To'g'ri javob: B) immunity ✔ 30. A method of resolving disputes outside the courts, in which a neutral third party hears both sides and makes a decision that is normally binding, is: A) arbitration B) mediation C) conciliation D) negotiation To'g'ri javob: A) arbitration ✔ 31. He is studying ___ international law at the academy. A) an B) a C) (no article) D) the To'g'ri javob: C) (no article) ✔ 32. In plain-language legal drafting, the word «shall» is often replaced by ___ to express an obligation. A) must B) would C) might D) can To'g'ri javob: A) must ✔ 33. In France, the highest court in civil and criminal matters, which reviews decisions only on points of law, is the: A) Court of Cassation B) Court of Audit C) Constitutional Council D) Council of State To'g'ri javob: A) Court of Cassation ✔ 34. I ___ go to the station yesterday to give my statement; the officer insisted. A) had to B) should C) must D) ought To'g'ri javob: A) had to ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 84 35. In England and Wales, a lawyer who specialises in advocacy and has full rights of audience in the higher courts is traditionally called a: A) paralegal B) clerk C) solicitor D) barrister To'g'ri javob: D) barrister✔ 36. The lawyer advised that the client ___ not discuss the case with journalists. A) should B) would to C) must to D) need to To'g'ri javob: A) should ✔ 37. The lawyer gave me ___ useful advice about the contract. A) many B) a C) an D) some To'g'ri javob: D) some ✔ 38. The introductory part of a constitution that sets out its purposes and fundamental principles is called the: A) schedule B) annex C) proviso D) preamble To'g'ri javob: D) preamble ✔ 39. A legal system in which judicial precedent is a primary source of law, which originated in England, is called the ___ system. A) canon law B) civil law C) socialist law D) common law To'g'ri javob: D) common law ✔ 40. The procedure by which a legislature formally accuses a high public official, such as a president, of serious misconduct is called: A) prorogation B) impeachment C) dissolution D) indictment To'g'ri javob: B) impeachment ✔ 41. Choose the correct form: “The defendant offered no ___ for his actions.” (JUSTIFY) A) justify B) justifiable C) justification D) justifiably To'g'ri javob: C) justification ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 85 42. In many civil-law countries, for example Germany, disputes about the constitutionality of laws are decided by a specialised: A) magistrates' court B) court of chancery C) court of equity D) constitutional court To'g'ri javob: D) constitutional court✔ 43. A direct vote by the whole electorate on a particular proposal, such as a constitutional amendment, is a: A) referendum B) census C) by-election D) plebiscite of confidence To'g'ri javob: A) referendum ✔ 44. When the officer asked for his documents, the driver ___ show them. He simply refused. A) mustn't B) needn't C) shouldn't D) wouldn't To'g'ri javob: D) wouldn't ✔ 45. Choose the correct form: “Her ___ was crucial in convicting the gang leader.” (TESTIFY) A) testify B) testament C) testimonial D) testimony To'g'ri javob: D) testimony ✔ 46. ___ of the evidence was destroyed in the fire. A) Several B) A few C) Much D) Many To'g'ri javob: C) Much ✔ 47. The power of courts to examine whether legislation or acts of the executive are compatible with the constitution or the law is called: A) legislative scrutiny B) judicial notice C) judicial review D) executive privilege To'g'ri javob: C) judicial review ✔ 48. The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a particular kind of case is called its: A) jurisdiction B) competence of parties C) admissibility D) legal capacity To'g'ri javob: A) jurisdiction ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 86 49. If the accused ___ afford a lawyer, one will be appointed for him free of charge. A) mustn't B) shouldn't C) needn't D) cannot To'g'ri javob: D) cannot✔ 50. In a lease, the person who grants the lease is the lessor. The person who receives the right to use the property is the: A) leaser B) lessee C) lessant D) leasor To'g'ri javob: B) lessee ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 87 11-variant English • choose the correct answer 1. Read the text and answer the question. International commercial contracts often include an arbitration clause. Under such a clause, disputes are decided not by national courts but by one or more arbitrators chosen by the parties. Arbitration is usually private, and the award is final and binding. A major advantage is that arbitral awards are widely enforceable abroad under the New York Convention of 1958. According to the text, one major advantage of arbitration is that: A) national judges decide the dispute B) the award can easily be appealed to national courts C) awards can be enforced in many countries D) the proceedings are always public To'g'ri javob: C) awards can be enforced in many countries✔ 2. Choose the sentence in which the linker is used correctly. A) The investigation was thorough; however, no suspect was identified. B) The investigation was thorough; despite, no suspect was identified. C) The investigation was thorough; although, no suspect was identified. D) The investigation was thorough; whereas, no suspect was identified. To'g'ri javob: A) The investigation was thorough; however, no suspect was identified. ✔ 3. Read the text and answer the question. Legal systems are often divided into two major families. Civil-law systems, found in most of continental Europe and in Central Asia, rely mainly on comprehensive codes drafted by legislators. Common-law systems, which developed in England and spread to countries such as the USA and Australia, give a central role to judicial decisions. Nevertheless, the two families have moved closer: common-law countries now have extensive legislation, and courts in civil-law countries pay attention to earlier rulings. What is the main idea of the last sentence? A) Civil-law countries have abandoned their codes. B) The two legal families are now identical. C) Common-law countries no longer rely on judicial decisions at all. D) The differences between the two legal families have become smaller. To'g'ri javob: D) The differences between the two legal families have become smaller. ✔ 4. The UN treaty which defines a child as every human being below the age of eighteen years, unless majority is attained earlier under national law, is the: A) Hague Adoption Convention B) Declaration of Geneva C) Convention on the Status of Minors D) Convention on the Rights of the Child To'g'ri javob: D) Convention on the Rights of the Child ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 88 5. If the defendant ___ remorse, the judge might have been more lenient. A) shows B) would show C) had shown D) showed To'g'ri javob: C) had shown✔ 6. Which of the following is NOT one of the traditional criteria of statehood set out in the 1933 Montevideo Convention? A) a permanent population B) membership of the United Nations C) a government D) a defined territory To'g'ri javob: B) membership of the United Nations ✔ 7. Read the text and answer the question. The separation of powers divides government into three branches. The legislature makes the laws, the executive implements them, and the judiciary interprets them and resolves disputes. The purpose of the division is to prevent any single person or body from accumulating unlimited power. In practice, however, the branches often overlap; in parliamentary systems, for example, ministers are usually also members of the legislature. What does the last sentence of the text suggest? A) Parliamentary systems have abolished the executive branch. B) The separation of powers is not absolute in practice. C) The judiciary makes laws in parliamentary systems. D) Ministers are forbidden to sit in the legislature. To'g'ri javob: B) The separation of powers is not absolute in practice. ✔ 8. The trial was adjourned ___ the judge was ill. A) due to B) because of C) because D) owing to To'g'ri javob: C) because ✔ 9. Cooperation between states in gathering evidence, serving documents and executing searches for criminal investigations is called: A) consular notification B) mutual legal assistance C) collective security D) diplomatic protection To'g'ri javob: B) mutual legal assistance ✔ 10. ___ you need further information, please contact the court clerk. A) Were B) Would C) Had D) Should To'g'ri javob: D) Should ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 89 11. If the case ___ to the Supreme Court, it would take years to resolve. A) will go B) goes C) had gone D) went To'g'ri javob: D) went✔ 12. Should the witness fail to appear, the court ___ a summons. A) had issued B) issued C) will issue D) would have issued To'g'ri javob: C) will issue ✔ 13. Choose the correct sentence. A) Unless you sign the form, we can't process your complaint. B) Unless you don't sign the form, we can't process your complaint. C) Unless you will sign the form, we can't process your complaint. D) Unless you would sign the form, we can't process your complaint. To'g'ri javob: A) Unless you sign the form, we can't process your complaint. ✔ 14. The car ___ was used in the robbery has been found. A) which B) whose C) who D) where To'g'ri javob: A) which ✔ 15. Anyone ___ has information about the crime should contact the police. A) which B) who C) whom D) whose To'g'ri javob: B) who ✔ 16. The UN treaty specifically aimed at eliminating discrimination against women is known by the acronym: A) ICESCR B) UNCAC C) CEDAW D) CERD To'g'ri javob: C) CEDAW ✔ 17. The police arrested everyone ___ was in the building at the time. A) whose B) what C) which D) who To'g'ri javob: D) who ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 90 18. Read the text and answer the question. In Miranda v. Arizona (1966), the US Supreme Court held that statements made by a suspect during custodial interrogation cannot be used against him unless he has been informed of certain rights. These include the right to remain silent, the warning that anything he says may be used against him, and the right to the presence of an attorney. The Miranda rules apply mainly to: A) questions asked by journalists B) testimony given by witnesses at trial C) questioning of a suspect who is in custody D) civil disputes between private parties To'g'ri javob: C) questioning of a suspect who is in custody✔ 19. A written agreement between states that is governed by international law is generally called a: A) treaty B) decree C) by-law D) statute To'g'ri javob: A) treaty ✔ 20. If I ___ the judge, I would dismiss the case. A) am B) were C) had been D) will be To'g'ri javob: B) were ✔ 21. Read the text and answer the question. A person who is attacked may use force to defend himself. However, the law permits only such force as is reasonable in the circumstances as the defendant believed them to be. If the force used is grossly disproportionate, for example continuing to attack an assailant who is already unconscious, the defence will usually fail. In which situation would the defence most likely fail? A) The defendant kept hitting an attacker who was already unconscious. B) The defendant pushed away an attacker who was holding a knife. C) The defendant ran away from the attacker. D) The defendant called the police during the attack. To'g'ri javob: A) The defendant kept hitting an attacker who was already unconscious. ✔ 22. The suspect will not be released ___ he provides a valid alibi. A) if B) as long as C) unless D) provided To'g'ri javob: C) unless ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 91 23. If it ___ for the DNA evidence, the case would have collapsed. A) isn't B) won't be C) wasn't D) hadn't been To'g'ri javob: D) hadn't been✔ 24. The new law, ___ came into force in January, protects whistle-blowers. A) that B) which C) what D) who To'g'ri javob: B) which ✔ 25. Nobody knows ___ happened to the missing evidence. A) what B) who C) which D) that To'g'ri javob: A) what ✔ 26. The theory that international law and domestic law are two separate legal systems, so that a treaty must usually be incorporated by national legislation before domestic courts apply it, is called: A) dualism B) monism C) positivism D) naturalism To'g'ri javob: A) dualism ✔ 27. You must present your ID card; ___, you will not be allowed to enter the court. A) nevertheless B) otherwise C) therefore D) moreover To'g'ri javob: B) otherwise ✔ 28. A receiving state may at any time, without giving reasons, notify the sending state that a member of its diplomatic staff is unacceptable. Such a diplomat is declared: A) hostis humani generis B) persona non grata C) terra nullius D) amicus curiae To'g'ri javob: B) persona non grata ✔ 29. The judge read out the verdict; ___, the defendant stared at the floor. A) meanwhile B) whereas C) while of D) during To'g'ri javob: A) meanwhile ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 92 30. The formal acknowledgement by one state that another entity fulfils the conditions of statehood is called: A) recognition B) accession C) succession D) ratification To'g'ri javob: A) recognition✔ 31. Read the text and answer the question. Probation and parole are often confused. Probation is a sentence imposed by a court instead of imprisonment: the offender stays in the community under the supervision of a probation officer. Parole, on the other hand, is the conditional early release of a prisoner who has already served part of a prison sentence. In both cases, breaching the conditions may lead to imprisonment. What is the main difference between probation and parole according to the text? A) Parole follows a period in prison, while probation replaces imprisonment. B) Parole involves no conditions, while probation does. C) Probation is granted by the police, while parole is granted by courts. D) Probation applies only to juveniles. To'g'ri javob: A) Parole follows a period in prison, while probation replaces imprisonment. ✔ 32. Read the text and answer the question. The Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime, opened for signature in Budapest in 2001, requires parties to criminalise offences such as illegal access to computer systems, data interference and computer-related fraud. It also contains procedural rules on the preservation of electronic evidence and provisions on international cooperation. States that are not members of the Council of Europe may also join the Convention. Which statement is supported by the text? A) Only Council of Europe members may join the Convention. B) Non-member states of the Council of Europe can become parties. C) The Convention was adopted by the UN General Assembly. D) The Convention deals only with substantive offences, not procedure. To'g'ri javob: B) Non-member states of the Council of Europe can become parties. ✔ 33. In case the witness ___ late, we will start with the expert evidence. A) had been B) will be C) would be D) is To'g'ri javob: D) is ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 93 34. Read the text and answer the question. Legal aid schemes provide free or subsidised legal assistance to people who cannot afford a lawyer. In criminal cases, the right to free legal assistance when the interests of justice so require is guaranteed by international human rights instruments. In civil matters, legal aid is usually more limited and may depend on the applicant's income and the merits of the case. According to the text, civil legal aid may depend on: A) the decision of the police B) the nationality and residence of the opposing party in the case C) the number of witnesses in the case D) the applicant's income and the merits of the case To'g'ri javob: D) the applicant's income and the merits of the case✔ 35. The defendant was acquitted, ___ surprised everyone in the courtroom. A) which B) what C) that D) who To'g'ri javob: A) which ✔ 36. A journalist is fined after publishing an article criticising a government minister. Which human right is most directly at stake? A) right to marry B) right to property C) freedom of expression D) freedom of movement To'g'ri javob: C) freedom of expression ✔ 37. The main international instrument codifying the rules on the conclusion, interpretation and termination of treaties is the: A) Charter of the United Nations B) Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties C) Statute of the International Court of Justice D) Montevideo Convention To'g'ri javob: B) Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties ✔ 38. Read the text and answer the question. To succeed in a negligence claim, the claimant generally has to prove four elements. First, the defendant owed him a duty of care. Second, the defendant breached that duty by failing to act as a reasonable person would. Third, the breach caused the harm, and fourth, the claimant suffered damage of a kind recognised by law. If any element is missing, the claim fails. A driver was careless, but the accident would have happened anyway because the other car's brakes failed. Which element is most likely missing? A) causation B) breach of duty C) duty of care D) standing to sue To'g'ri javob: A) causation ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 94 39. Read the text and answer the question. The legal profession in England and Wales is traditionally divided into solicitors and barristers. Solicitors usually deal directly with clients, giving advice and preparing documents. Barristers are specialist advocates who argue cases in court and give expert opinions, and they have traditionally been instructed through solicitors. Today the division is less strict, since some solicitors have acquired rights of audience in the higher courts. What change is mentioned in the last sentence? A) Clients can no longer contact solicitors directly without a barrister. B) The two professions have been abolished. C) Some solicitors can now appear as advocates in higher courts. D) Barristers have stopped appearing in court. To'g'ri javob: C) Some solicitors can now appear as advocates in higher courts.✔ 40. The Universal Periodic Review, in which the human rights record of every UN member state is examined, is carried out under the auspices of the: A) Trusteeship Council B) International Court of Justice C) Human Rights Council D) Human Rights Committee To'g'ri javob: C) Human Rights Council ✔ 41. A unilateral statement made by a state when signing or ratifying a treaty, by which it purports to exclude or modify the legal effect of certain provisions, is called a: A) reservation B) derogation C) declaration of war D) denunciation To'g'ri javob: A) reservation ✔ 42. She would be a judge now if she ___ law instead of medicine. A) would study B) studied C) had studied D) has studied To'g'ri javob: C) had studied ✔ 43. ___ being a minor, the offender was tried in an adult court. A) Despite B) Although C) However D) Even though To'g'ri javob: A) Despite ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 95 44. Read the text and answer the question. The International Criminal Court is a court of last resort. Under the principle of complementarity, it can exercise jurisdiction only when the national courts of the state concerned are unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate or prosecute. Its purpose is therefore not to replace national justice systems but to ensure that the most serious international crimes do not go unpunished. According to the text, when can the ICC take up a case? A) whenever a crime is committed on the territory of more than one state B) only after the UN General Assembly approves C) whenever the accused is a head of state D) when national courts are unwilling or unable genuinely to prosecute To'g'ri javob: D) when national courts are unwilling or unable genuinely to prosecute✔ 45. Read the text and answer the question. Most criminal offences require proof of mens rea, a guilty mental state such as intention or recklessness. Strict liability offences are an exception: the prosecution only needs to prove that the defendant did the prohibited act. Such offences are common in areas like food safety and road traffic, where the main aim is to encourage high standards of care to protect the public. A shop sells food that is unsafe, although the owner did not know of the problem. If the offence is one of strict liability, the owner: A) cannot be prosecuted at all B) can be convicted only if he acted recklessly C) must be acquitted because he lacked any intention to cause harm D) may be convicted even without proof that he knew To'g'ri javob: D) may be convicted even without proof that he knew ✔ 46. The building in ___ the evidence is stored is guarded day and night. A) whom B) where C) that D) which To'g'ri javob: D) which ✔ 47. If the police ___ the CCTV footage earlier, they would have identified the suspect sooner. A) would check B) had checked C) checked D) have checked To'g'ri javob: B) had checked ✔ 48. The UN Charter generally prohibits the threat or use of force, but Article 51 recognises the inherent right of individual or collective ___ if an armed attack occurs. A) intervention B) self-defence C) reprisal D) retaliation To'g'ri javob: B) self-defence ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 96 49. If only I ___ the registration number of that car! I can't remember it now. A) noted B) would note C) had noted D) have noted To'g'ri javob: C) had noted✔ 50. Read the text and answer the question. Under the doctrine of binding precedent, a lower court must follow the legal principles laid down by higher courts in earlier cases with similar facts. This gives the law certainty and predictability, since lawyers can advise clients on the likely outcome of a case. However, a court may “distinguish” an earlier decision if it finds that the material facts of the present case are significantly different. In the text, “distinguish” means that the court: A) declares that the earlier decision was wrong and must be overruled B) finds that a precedent does not apply because the facts differ C) sends the case back to a lower court for a retrial D) asks parliament to change the law To'g'ri javob: B) finds that a precedent does not apply because the facts differ ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 97 12-variant English • choose the correct answer 1. The national agency that receives and analyses suspicious transaction reports and passes information to law enforcement is called the: A) Statistics Committee B) Financial Intelligence Unit C) Chamber of Commerce D) Central Election Commission To'g'ri javob: B) Financial Intelligence Unit✔ 2. Choose the impersonal passive for: «People believe that the gang stole the paintings.» A) The gang believes to have stolen the paintings. B) The gang is believed to steal the paintings. C) The gang is believing to have stolen the paintings. D) The gang is believed to have stolen the paintings. To'g'ri javob: D) The gang is believed to have stolen the paintings. ✔ 3. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «There were / less cases / of fraud / this year than last year.» A) this year than last year. B) There were C) of fraud D) less cases To'g'ri javob: D) less cases ✔ 4. The defendant is considering ___ against the verdict. A) appealed B) to appeal C) appealing D) appeal To'g'ri javob: C) appealing ✔ 5. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «The lawyer / is good in / defending / clients in criminal cases.» A) clients in criminal cases. B) defending C) The lawyer D) is good in To'g'ri javob: D) is good in ✔ 6. The fugitive ___ by the police for months, but they still haven't caught him. A) had hunted B) is hunting C) has been hunted D) has hunted To'g'ri javob: C) has been hunted ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 98 7. Choose the correct passive form of: «Someone stole the evidence from the locker.» A) The evidence stole from the locker. B) The evidence has stolen from the locker. C) The evidence was stolen from the locker. D) The evidence was stealing from the locker. To'g'ri javob: C) The evidence was stolen from the locker.✔ 8. A situation in which a public official's private interests could improperly influence the performance of his or her official duties is called a: A) separation of powers B) breach of the peace C) duty of care D) conflict of interest To'g'ri javob: D) conflict of interest ✔ 9. The officers noticed a man ___ over the fence. A) to climbing B) climbed C) to climb D) climbing To'g'ri javob: D) climbing ✔ 10. A program or device that secretly records every key pressed on a keyboard, often to steal passwords, is a: A) botnet B) proxy server C) router D) keylogger To'g'ri javob: D) keylogger ✔ 11. The new Criminal Procedure Code ___ by Parliament next year. A) will adopt B) is adopting C) will be adopted D) adopts To'g'ri javob: C) will be adopted ✔ 12. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «The defendant / was found / guilty / in murder.» A) The defendant B) guilty C) in murder. D) was found To'g'ri javob: C) in murder. ✔ 13. A network of infected computers that are controlled remotely by criminals without their owners' knowledge is called a: A) firewall B) server farm C) botnet D) honeypot To'g'ri javob: C) botnet ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 99 14. The chief expects us ___ the report by Monday. A) finished B) to finish C) finishing D) finish To'g'ri javob: B) to finish✔ 15. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «The police / has arrested / two suspects / in connection with the robbery.» A) The police B) in connection with the robbery. C) has arrested D) two suspects To'g'ri javob: C) has arrested ✔ 16. An attack in which a criminal tries every possible combination of characters until the correct password is found is called a: A) phishing attack B) watering-hole attack C) denial-of-service attack D) brute-force attack To'g'ri javob: D) brute-force attack ✔ 17. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «If the defendant / will be found guilty, / he will / lose his driving licence.» A) If the defendant B) lose his driving licence. C) he will D) will be found guilty, To'g'ri javob: D) will be found guilty, ✔ 18. When a bank suspects that a transaction may involve the proceeds of crime, it must report it to the competent authority by filing a: A) tax return B) letter of credit C) suspicious transaction report D) statement of claim To'g'ri javob: C) suspicious transaction report ✔ 19. The judge ordered that the prisoner ___ released immediately. A) is being B) be C) been D) to be To'g'ri javob: B) be ✔ 20. The detective stopped ___ as soon as he realised he was being recorded. A) talking B) talked C) talk D) to talk To'g'ri javob: A) talking ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 100 21. A significant increase in the assets of a public official that he or she cannot reasonably explain in relation to his or her lawful income is called: A) tax optimisation B) illicit enrichment C) lawful accumulation D) capital appreciation To'g'ri javob: B) illicit enrichment✔ 22. The new police station ___ at the moment; it will open next spring. A) has built B) is being built C) builds D) is built To'g'ri javob: B) is being built ✔ 23. Our firm can't afford ___ this case. A) lost B) to lose C) losing D) lose To'g'ri javob: B) to lose ✔ 24. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «Last year / the parliament / adopts / a new criminal code.» A) Last year B) a new criminal code. C) adopts D) the parliament To'g'ri javob: C) adopts ✔ 25. The case file needs ___ again by a senior investigator. A) be reviewing B) to be reviewed C) to review D) review To'g'ri javob: B) to be reviewed ✔ 26. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «The new legislation / is more stricter / than / the previous law.» A) The new legislation B) the previous law. C) is more stricter D) than To'g'ri javob: C) is more stricter ✔ 27. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «The robbers / stole / the bank / of two million dollars.» A) the bank B) of two million dollars. C) The robbers D) stole To'g'ri javob: D) stole ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 101 28. The report was written ___ the chief inspector. A) from B) of C) with D) by To'g'ri javob: D) by✔ 29. Favouritism shown by an official to his close friends and associates, for example in awarding contracts, is called: A) whistleblowing B) meritocracy C) nepotism D) cronyism To'g'ri javob: D) cronyism ✔ 30. Under the UN Convention against Corruption, promising an undue advantage to a person so that he uses his real or supposed influence over a public official to obtain a benefit is called: A) obstruction of justice B) abuse of process C) insider dealing D) trading in influence To'g'ri javob: D) trading in influence ✔ 31. The judge warned the defendant ___ the witness. A) not threatening B) to not threatening C) don't threaten D) not to threaten To'g'ri javob: D) not to threaten ✔ 32. Bribery ___ as a serious offence in most legal systems. A) is regarding B) is regarded C) regards D) has regarded To'g'ri javob: B) is regarded ✔ 33. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «The defendant / was / acquitted / from all charges.» A) from all charges. B) The defendant C) was D) acquitted To'g'ri javob: A) from all charges. ✔ 34. The defendant had his phone ___ by the police. A) to confiscate B) confiscating C) confiscate D) confiscated To'g'ri javob: D) confiscated ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 102 35. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «The judge's decision / will effect / thousands of / tenants across the country.» A) The judge's decision B) tenants across the country. C) thousands of D) will effect To'g'ri javob: D) will effect✔ 36. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «The judge / listened the arguments / of both parties / very carefully.» A) The judge B) very carefully. C) of both parties D) listened the arguments To'g'ri javob: D) listened the arguments ✔ 37. A login method that requires a password plus a second element, such as a one-time code sent to a phone, is called: A) two-factor authentication B) single sign-on C) end-to-end encryption D) password recovery To'g'ri javob: A) two-factor authentication ✔ 38. Your application ___ within 30 days of receipt. A) will be considered B) considers C) is considering D) will consider To'g'ri javob: A) will be considered ✔ 39. It's no use ___ the facts; the CCTV footage shows everything. A) denied B) denying C) to deny D) deny To'g'ri javob: B) denying ✔ 40. The suspect denied ___ the money from the safe. A) to have stealing B) steal C) stealing D) to steal To'g'ri javob: C) stealing ✔ 41. In international anti-corruption instruments, the solicitation or acceptance of a bribe by a public official is referred to as ___ bribery. A) active B) indirect C) passive D) private To'g'ri javob: C) passive ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 103 42. The trial ___ because the main witness was ill. A) was postponed B) had postponed C) was postponing D) postponed To'g'ri javob: A) was postponed✔ 43. The investigator mentioned ___ the suspect at the airport. A) seeing B) seen C) to see D) see To'g'ri javob: A) seeing ✔ 44. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «The lawyers / discussed about / the case / for two hours.» A) discussed about B) The lawyers C) for two hours. D) the case To'g'ri javob: A) discussed about ✔ 45. He now regrets ___ the police the truth from the beginning. A) to not telling B) not to tell C) not telling D) not tell To'g'ri javob: C) not telling ✔ 46. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «The judge / reminded / the jury / to don't discuss the case.» A) the jury B) The judge C) reminded D) to don't discuss the case. To'g'ri javob: D) to don't discuss the case. ✔ 47. Collusion between companies competing for a public contract, in which they secretly agree who will submit the winning bid, is called: A) bid rigging B) tender offering C) price discrimination D) market research To'g'ri javob: A) bid rigging ✔ 48. Falsifying the sender's address of an email or the caller ID of a telephone call so that it appears to come from a trusted source is called: A) spamming B) patching C) spoofing D) hashing To'g'ri javob: C) spoofing ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 104 49. The suspect was charged ___ armed robbery. A) for B) of C) by D) with To'g'ri javob: D) with✔ 50. The suspects will ___ in the regional court next week. A) tried B) be tried C) be trying D) try To'g'ri javob: B) be tried ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 105 13-variant English • choose the correct answer 1. The use of a weapon or the targeting of a particularly vulnerable victim are examples of ___ factors, which may increase the sentence. A) procedural B) aggravating C) exculpatory D) mitigating To'g'ri javob: B) aggravating✔ 2. «I'll arrest you if you don't move your car,» the officer said to the driver. → The officer ___ to arrest the driver if he didn't move his car. A) apologised B) threatened C) suggested D) denied To'g'ri javob: B) threatened ✔ 3. Choose the correct word: “The Supreme Court ___ down its ruling on Monday.” A) brought B) set C) put D) handed To'g'ri javob: D) handed ✔ 4. Choose the correct word: “The suspect ___ his right to remain silent during the interview.” A) performed B) practised C) exercised D) trained To'g'ri javob: C) exercised ✔ 5. Don't call the inspector at 3 p.m. tomorrow; she ___ a suspect at that time. A) interviews B) will be interviewing C) interviewed D) has interviewed To'g'ri javob: B) will be interviewing ✔ 6. Look! Those two men ___ to break into the parked car. A) have tried B) try C) tried D) are trying To'g'ri javob: D) are trying ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 106 7. — The fax machine is broken. — Don't worry, I ___ the document by email right now. A) have been sending B) will send C) sent D) had sent To'g'ri javob: B) will send✔ 8. Choose the correct word: “The company decided to ___ an action against its former director for breach of duty.” A) make B) bring C) do D) carry To'g'ri javob: B) bring ✔ 9. I ___ this witness somewhere before; her face looks familiar. A) had seen B) see C) am seeing D) have seen To'g'ri javob: D) have seen ✔ 10. After the foreman ___ the verdict, the judge thanked the jury. A) had announced B) was announcing C) announces D) has announced To'g'ri javob: A) had announced ✔ 11. Choose the correct word: “This offence ___ a maximum penalty of ten years' imprisonment.” A) brings B) holds C) takes D) carries To'g'ri javob: D) carries ✔ 12. «I didn't break the window,» she said. → She ___ breaking the window. A) denied B) admitted C) refused D) agreed To'g'ri javob: A) denied ✔ 13. «I must speak to the judge in person!» the witness said. → The witness insisted ___ to the judge in person. A) speaking B) for speaking C) on speaking D) to speak To'g'ri javob: C) on speaking ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 107 14. «I saw the man near the bank,» the witness said. → The witness said that she ___ the man near the bank. A) had seen B) has seen C) will see D) sees To'g'ri javob: A) had seen✔ 15. Choose the correct word: “He is currently ___ a six-year sentence for fraud.” A) serving B) carrying C) passing D) making To'g'ri javob: A) serving ✔ 16. Choose the correct word: “It is the duty of the police to ___ the law.” A) enforce B) reinforce C) force D) endorse To'g'ri javob: A) enforce ✔ 17. «Did you see the accident?» she asked him. → She asked him ___ the accident. A) whether he had seen B) that he saw C) did he see D) had he seen To'g'ri javob: A) whether he had seen ✔ 18. In the USA, the warning that police must give to a suspect in custody before questioning, informing him of the right to remain silent and the right to a lawyer, is called the: A) Gideon notice B) Miranda warning C) grand jury notice D) habeas warning To'g'ri javob: B) Miranda warning ✔ 19. In common-law terminology, a serious crime such as murder or armed robbery is traditionally classified as a: A) misdemeanour B) felony C) infraction D) tort To'g'ri javob: B) felony ✔ 20. While the lawyer ___ his closing speech, one of the jurors fainted. A) was making B) makes C) has made D) had made To'g'ri javob: A) was making ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 108 21. A suspect who has been arrested and is held by the police is said to be in: A) parole B) abeyance C) probation D) custody To'g'ri javob: D) custody✔ 22. Choose the correct preposition: “The jury found him guilty ___ fraud.” A) of B) for C) in D) about To'g'ri javob: A) of ✔ 23. The punishment ordered by the court for a convicted offender is the: A) verdict B) charge C) plea D) sentence To'g'ri javob: D) sentence ✔ 24. Choose the correct word: “Before giving evidence, each witness must ___ an oath.” A) give B) put C) do D) take To'g'ri javob: D) take ✔ 25. A witness repeats in court what another person told him, in order to prove that the statement was true. Such evidence is generally classified as: A) real evidence B) hearsay evidence C) documentary evidence D) expert evidence To'g'ri javob: B) hearsay evidence ✔ 26. «Can you identify the attacker?» the police asked the victim. → The police asked the victim ___ identify the attacker. A) if she could B) can she C) could she D) that she could To'g'ri javob: A) if she could ✔ 27. The right of a suspect not to be compelled to give answers that could expose him to criminal liability is known as the: A) right of appeal B) presumption of regularity C) right of audience D) privilege against self-incrimination To'g'ri javob: D) privilege against self-incrimination ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 109 28. Detective Harris ___ on the murder case for six months before she finally identified the killer. A) has been working B) had been working C) works D) is working To'g'ri javob: B) had been working✔ 29. Choose the correct word: “A court officer ___ a summons on the defendant at his home.” A) posted B) sent C) served D) handed To'g'ri javob: C) served ✔ 30. «I had already left when the fight started,» he told the police. → He told the police that he ___ when the fight started. A) already leaves B) had already been leaving C) had already left D) has already left To'g'ri javob: C) had already left ✔ 31. A formal written accusation charging a person with a serious crime, in the USA often issued by a grand jury, is an: A) affidavit B) injunction C) indictment D) acquittal To'g'ri javob: C) indictment ✔ 32. Choose the correct word: “The court ___ a heavy fine on the company for polluting the river.” A) posed B) deposed C) exposed D) imposed To'g'ri javob: D) imposed ✔ 33. A system in which two opposing parties present their cases before a relatively passive, neutral judge, typical of common-law countries, is called: A) administrative B) inquisitorial C) adversarial D) investigative To'g'ri javob: C) adversarial ✔ 34. Which sentence contains a tense error? A) He has been a judge since 2010. B) The trial has been postponed twice. C) They have just arrested the driver. D) She has worked here for 2005. To'g'ri javob: D) She has worked here for 2005. ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 110 35. Choose the correct word: “This judgment ___ an important precedent for future cases on data privacy.” A) stood B) set C) put D) did To'g'ri javob: B) set✔ 36. A sentence requiring an offender to do unpaid work for the benefit of the public, instead of going to prison, is called: A) parole B) community service C) civil service D) house arrest To'g'ri javob: B) community service ✔ 37. When I was a trainee, my mentor ___ check every report I wrote, sometimes twice. A) would B) has C) will D) is going to To'g'ri javob: A) would ✔ 38. «Shall I translate the document for you?» the interpreter said. → The interpreter ___ to translate the document. A) insisted B) suggested C) admitted D) offered To'g'ri javob: D) offered ✔ 39. «I won't answer any questions without my lawyer,» the suspect said. → The suspect ___ to answer any questions without his lawyer. A) rejected B) avoided C) refused D) denied To'g'ri javob: C) refused ✔ 40. The car is swerving all over the road — it ___ crash! A) has B) has been C) is going to D) had been going to To'g'ri javob: C) is going to ✔ 41. The police believe this mobile phone ___ to the accused. A) belonging B) belongs C) has been belonging D) is belonging To'g'ri javob: B) belongs ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 111 42. Hurry up! The court session ___ in five minutes, according to the schedule. A) has begun B) began C) had begun D) begins To'g'ri javob: D) begins✔ 43. Report the question: «Are you going to testify tomorrow?» my lawyer asked me. A) My lawyer asked me if was I going to testify tomorrow. B) My lawyer asked me that I was going to testify the following day. C) My lawyer asked me if I was going to testify the following day. D) My lawyer asked me am I going to testify the next day. To'g'ri javob: C) My lawyer asked me if I was going to testify the following day. ✔ 44. The convict ___ from prison twice before he was finally transferred to a high-security facility. A) escapes B) was escaping C) had escaped D) has escaped To'g'ri javob: C) had escaped ✔ 45. When a court officially decides that the defendant is not guilty of the charge, the defendant is: A) acquitted B) remanded C) convicted D) sentenced To'g'ri javob: A) acquitted ✔ 46. Choose the correct word: “Every adult citizen has the right to ___ a vote in national elections.” A) throw B) fling C) drop D) cast To'g'ri javob: D) cast ✔ 47. Factors such as genuine remorse or the absence of previous convictions, which may lead a court to reduce the sentence, are called ___ factors. A) aggravating B) exonerating C) incriminating D) mitigating To'g'ri javob: D) mitigating ✔ 48. «You must report to the police station every Monday,» the judge told him. → The judge told him that he ___ every Monday. A) had to report B) has had to report C) must reported D) would had to report To'g'ri javob: A) had to report ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 112 49. Report the question: «Who gave you the keys?» the investigator asked me. A) The investigator asked me who had given me the keys. B) The investigator asked me who did give me the keys. C) The investigator asked me whom gave me the keys. D) The investigator asked me who had I been given the keys. To'g'ri javob: A) The investigator asked me who had given me the keys.✔ 50. Choose the correct word: “Anyone who ___ a court order may be held in contempt.” A) breaches B) breeches C) broaches D) brakes To'g'ri javob: A) breaches ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 113 14-variant English • choose the correct answer 1. Which expression in legal documents typically creates a prohibition? A) shall not B) might not C) does not have to D) need not To'g'ri javob: A) shall not✔ 2. The right of a person to bring a case before a court because he or she is sufficiently affected by the matter is called: A) standing B) estoppel C) laches D) tenure To'g'ri javob: A) standing ✔ 3. Choose the correct form: “The company denied any ___ for the accident.” (LIABLE) A) liableness B) liable C) liaison D) liability To'g'ri javob: D) liability ✔ 4. The investigators ___ find any fingerprints on the weapon, although they searched it carefully. A) weren't able to B) shouldn't C) mustn't D) needn't To'g'ri javob: A) weren't able to ✔ 5. Which US Supreme Court case of 1803 is regarded as establishing the power of federal courts to strike down unconstitutional legislation? A) Brown v. Board of Education B) Miranda v. Arizona C) Roe v. Wade D) Marbury v. Madison To'g'ri javob: D) Marbury v. Madison ✔ 6. When the defendant in a civil case brings his own claim against the claimant in the same proceedings, this is called a: A) counterclaim B) misclaim C) declaim D) overclaim To'g'ri javob: A) counterclaim ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 114 7. Choose the correct form: “The ___ asked the court to impose the maximum sentence.” (PROSECUTE) A) prosecution B) prosecuted C) prosecuting D) prosecutor To'g'ri javob: D) prosecutor✔ 8. Choose the correct form: “Once the parliament ___ the treaty, it will enter into force.” (RATIFICATION) A) ratifier B) ratification C) ratifiable D) ratifies To'g'ri javob: D) ratifies ✔ 9. We need ___ more information before we can make an arrest. A) a few B) a bit C) many D) several To'g'ri javob: B) a bit ✔ 10. A hundred years ago, women ___ serve as judges in most countries. A) must not B) could not C) need not D) should not To'g'ri javob: B) could not ✔ 11. ___ number of officers were injured during the riot. A) An B) The C) (no article) D) A To'g'ri javob: D) A ✔ 12. Visitors ___ bring weapons into the court building. It is strictly forbidden. A) don't have to B) needn't C) might not D) must not To'g'ri javob: D) must not ✔ 13. In a parliamentary system, the government remains in office only as long as it retains the ___ of the parliament. A) jurisdiction B) assent C) custody D) confidence To'g'ri javob: D) confidence ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 115 14. Choose the correct form: “The parties appointed an independent ___ to decide their commercial dispute.” (ARBITRATE) A) arbitrator B) arbitrate C) arbitrary D) arbitration To'g'ri javob: A) arbitrator✔ 15. The evidence ___ be destroyed under any circumstances; otherwise, the prosecution will fail. A) must not B) need not C) may D) doesn't have to To'g'ri javob: A) must not ✔ 16. The investigation took ___ longer than expected. A) many B) very C) more D) much To'g'ri javob: D) much ✔ 17. Choose the correct form: “The national ___ consists of two chambers.” (LEGISLATE) A) legislator B) legislating C) legislative D) legislature To'g'ri javob: D) legislature ✔ 18. The guard left the cell door open. The prisoner ___ have escaped, but luckily he was asleep. A) must B) can't C) needn't D) could To'g'ri javob: D) could ✔ 19. When he was younger, the detective ___ run 10 km in under 40 minutes. A) can B) may C) was able D) could To'g'ri javob: D) could ✔ 20. In an appeal, the party who won in the lower court and opposes the appeal is usually called the: A) petitioner B) appellant C) prosecutor D) respondent To'g'ri javob: D) respondent ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 116 21. A court which hears a case for the first time, examining the evidence and establishing the facts, is a court of: A) cassation B) appeal C) first instance D) last resort To'g'ri javob: C) first instance✔ 22. Choose the correct form: “Some states have chosen to ___ gambling and tax it heavily.” (LEGAL) A) legally B) legalise C) legality D) legalism To'g'ri javob: B) legalise ✔ 23. The doctrine that courts should follow the precedents set by earlier decisions of higher courts is known as: A) res judicata B) habeas corpus C) ultra vires D) stare decisis To'g'ri javob: D) stare decisis ✔ 24. Even if the police ___ the stolen goods, the victim won't get any compensation. A) find B) would find C) will find D) found To'g'ri javob: A) find ✔ 25. A civil wrong, other than a breach of contract, for which the usual remedy is compensation, such as negligence or defamation, is called a: A) crime B) felony C) tort D) treaty To'g'ri javob: C) tort ✔ 26. Not ___ suspect is guilty. A) each B) every C) any D) all To'g'ri javob: B) every ✔ 27. The suspect had ___ money on him when he was arrested — only a few coins. A) very few B) a lot of C) very little D) many To'g'ri javob: C) very little ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 117 28. Choose the correct form: “Disputes over ___ often arise when a person dies without leaving a will.” (INHERIT) A) inheritance B) inherit C) inherited D) inheritor To'g'ri javob: A) inheritance✔ 29. Choose the correct form: “The victim received ___ for her injuries.” (COMPENSATE) A) compensating B) compensatory C) compensation D) compensate To'g'ri javob: C) compensation ✔ 30. Money awarded by a court as compensation for loss or injury is called: A) costs B) fines C) fees D) damages To'g'ri javob: D) damages ✔ 31. ___ of the documents were forged. A) Many B) A little C) Little D) Much To'g'ri javob: A) Many ✔ 32. ___ honest witness is essential for a fair trial. A) A B) (no article) C) The D) An To'g'ri javob: D) An ✔ 33. Choose the correct form: “The ___ of the former mayor for bribery surprised many people.” (CONVICT) A) convict B) conviction C) convicting D) convicted To'g'ri javob: B) conviction ✔ 34. ___ Article 5 of the European Convention on Human Rights protects the right to liberty and security. A) (no article) B) The C) An D) A To'g'ri javob: A) (no article) ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 118 35. Choose the correct form: “The surgeon was sued for medical ___.” (PRACTICE) A) mispractice B) malpractice C) unpractice D) dispractice To'g'ri javob: B) malpractice✔ 36. A constitution that can be amended only through a special procedure that is more difficult than the procedure for ordinary laws is described as: A) flexible B) unwritten C) rigid D) customary To'g'ri javob: C) rigid ✔ 37. Most ___ them have hired private lawyers. A) of the B) (no word) C) the D) of To'g'ri javob: D) of ✔ 38. «The Contractor ___ be liable for any damage caused by its employees.» Which word makes this a binding duty in traditional drafting? A) shall B) would C) might D) could To'g'ri javob: A) shall ✔ 39. The constitution of the United Kingdom is usually described as ___, because it is not contained in a single written document. A) federal B) entrenched C) uncodified D) rigid To'g'ri javob: C) uncodified ✔ 40. By law, you ___ report a road accident involving injuries to the police. A) would B) could C) must D) might To'g'ri javob: C) must ✔ 41. When an appellate court changes the decision made by the lower court in the same case, it ___ the decision. A) overrules B) distinguishes C) reverses D) follows To'g'ri javob: C) reverses ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 119 42. Choose the correct form: “A good judge must be honest and ___, so that no one can bribe him.” (CORRUPT) A) miscorrupted B) discorruptible C) uncorruptive D) incorruptible To'g'ri javob: D) incorruptible✔ 43. The police seized ___ of drugs at the border. A) few B) a large amount C) many D) a large number To'g'ri javob: B) a large amount ✔ 44. In a contract, «The Buyer ___ terminate this Agreement by giving 30 days' written notice» grants a right, not a duty. A) must B) has to C) may D) shall To'g'ri javob: C) may ✔ 45. The police found ___ fingerprints on the door handle. A) much B) a C) an D) some To'g'ri javob: D) some ✔ 46. Fingerprint analysis ___ take up to two weeks, so don't expect the results tomorrow. A) ought B) can C) must D) shall To'g'ri javob: B) can ✔ 47. Choose the sentence expressing a logical deduction about the past. A) He must forge the signature. B) He should forge the signature. C) He must have forged the signature. D) He has to forge the signature. To'g'ri javob: C) He must have forged the signature. ✔ 48. A court order requiring a party to do something or, more often, to stop doing something is called an: A) injunction B) indictment C) inquiry D) inquest To'g'ri javob: A) injunction ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 120 49. After graduating from the academy, she wants to become ___ lawyer. A) a B) (no article) C) the D) an To'g'ri javob: A) a✔ 50. Choose the correct form: “Every state enjoys ___ over its own territory.” (SOVEREIGN) A) sovereignly B) sovereignist C) sovereign D) sovereignty To'g'ri javob: D) sovereignty ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 121 15-variant English • choose the correct answer 1. Read the text and answer the question. Statutes of limitations set time limits for bringing legal proceedings. Their purpose is to ensure that cases are decided while evidence is still available and witnesses' memories are reliable, and to give people certainty that old claims will not be revived. In many legal systems, however, the most serious crimes, such as murder or genocide, are not subject to any limitation period. Which reason for limitation periods is mentioned in the text? A) Evidence may be lost or become unreliable over time. B) Victims prefer not to go to court. C) Courts receive too few cases. D) Old crimes are always less harmful to society than recent ones. To'g'ri javob: A) Evidence may be lost or become unreliable over time.✔ 2. Read the text and answer the question. Witness protection programmes are designed for people who are willing to give evidence against dangerous criminals, particularly members of organised crime groups. Protection may include police guarding, relocation and, in the most serious cases, a new identity. Without such programmes, many key witnesses would refuse to testify out of fear of revenge. What does the author suggest would happen without witness protection programmes? A) Trials would become shorter. B) Many important witnesses would refuse to testify. C) Criminals would testify more often. D) Courts would stop hearing cases involving organised crime groups altogether. To'g'ri javob: B) Many important witnesses would refuse to testify. ✔ 3. Article 38(1) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice lists the sources the Court applies. Which of them is described as a “subsidiary means” for the determination of rules of law? A) international custom B) international conventions C) judicial decisions and the teachings of the most highly qualified publicists D) the general principles of law recognised by civilised nations To'g'ri javob: C) judicial decisions and the teachings of the most highly qualified publicists ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 122 4. Read the text and answer the question. Whistleblowers play an important role in uncovering corruption, but they often face retaliation such as dismissal, demotion or harassment. For this reason, many countries have adopted laws that protect employees who report wrongdoing in good faith. Such laws typically provide confidential reporting channels and remedies for those who suffer reprisals. Without effective protection, potential whistleblowers are likely to remain silent. What is the author's main point? A) Confidential reporting channels increase corruption. B) Whistleblowers usually act in bad faith. C) Legal protection encourages people to report wrongdoing. D) Employees should report wrongdoing only to journalists and the media. To'g'ri javob: C) Legal protection encourages people to report wrongdoing.✔ 5. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted by the UN General Assembly in: A) 1945 B) 1966 C) 1948 D) 1950 To'g'ri javob: C) 1948 ✔ 6. If the witness ___ English, we wouldn't need an interpreter. A) had spoken B) spoke C) speaks D) will speak To'g'ri javob: B) spoke ✔ 7. Read the text and answer the question. Under the US Constitution, the House of Representatives has the sole power to impeach federal officials, including the President. If the House votes to impeach, a trial is held in the Senate. Conviction requires a two-thirds majority of the senators present, and the penalty is limited to removal from office and possible disqualification from holding future office. According to the text, which body conducts the impeachment trial? A) the House of Representatives B) a federal jury C) the Senate D) the Supreme Court sitting alone To'g'ri javob: C) the Senate ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 123 8. Read the text and answer the question. Bail allows a person accused of a crime to remain free while waiting for trial. A court may refuse bail if there are substantial grounds to believe that the defendant would fail to appear, commit further offences or interfere with witnesses. Bail may also be granted subject to conditions, such as surrendering a passport or reporting to a police station regularly. Which of the following is mentioned in the text as a possible bail condition? A) handing over one's passport B) pleading guilty in advance C) performing community service D) paying compensation to the victim To'g'ri javob: A) handing over one's passport✔ 9. The UN Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment was adopted in: A) 1998 B) 1948 C) 1984 D) 1966 To'g'ri javob: C) 1984 ✔ 10. Under the 1948 Genocide Convention, which of the following groups is NOT listed among the protected groups? A) racial groups B) religious groups C) political groups D) national groups To'g'ri javob: C) political groups ✔ 11. The witness ___ testimony convicted the gang leader is now under protection. A) whose B) which C) whom D) who To'g'ri javob: A) whose ✔ 12. Which sentence is a correct third conditional? A) If they had locked the door, the burglary won't happen. B) If they would have locked the door, the burglary didn't happen. C) If they had locked the door, the burglary wouldn't have happened. D) If they locked the door, the burglary wouldn't have happened. To'g'ri javob: C) If they had locked the door, the burglary wouldn't have happened. ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 124 13. Read the text and answer the question. Money laundering is usually described as a three-stage process. First, criminal cash is placed into the financial system, for example by depositing it in bank accounts. Then it is layered through complex transfers between accounts, companies and countries in order to hide its origin. Finally, it is integrated into the legitimate economy, for instance by buying property or businesses. What is the purpose of the second stage described in the text? A) to invest the money in legitimate businesses B) to report the funds to the authorities C) to hide the criminal origin of the money D) to deposit cash in banks for the first time To'g'ri javob: C) to hide the criminal origin of the money✔ 14. He was arrested ___ he got off the plane. A) as well as B) as long as C) as far as D) as soon as To'g'ri javob: D) as soon as ✔ 15. The International Criminal Court acts only when national courts are unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate or prosecute. This is the principle of: A) proportionality B) subsidiarity C) reciprocity D) complementarity To'g'ri javob: D) complementarity ✔ 16. The evidence was weak. ___, the prosecutor decided to proceed with the case. A) Even so B) Since C) Because D) Therefore To'g'ri javob: A) Even so ✔ 17. The defendant was not only fined ___ also banned from driving. A) or B) so C) and D) but To'g'ri javob: D) but ✔ 18. Under the 1951 Refugee Convention, which of the following is NOT one of the grounds of persecution listed in the definition of a refugee? A) political opinion B) membership of a particular social group C) religion D) economic hardship To'g'ri javob: D) economic hardship ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 125 19. If you don't stop the car immediately, I ___ the police. A) called B) would call C) would have called D) will call To'g'ri javob: D) will call✔ 20. Without your help last month, the investigation ___ much longer. A) takes B) would have taken C) had taken D) will take To'g'ri javob: B) would have taken ✔ 21. Read the text and answer the question. Many legal systems treat young offenders differently from adults. Juvenile courts usually sit in private, the identity of the child is protected, and the emphasis is on education and rehabilitation rather than punishment. International standards, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child, require that detention of a child be used only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period. According to the text, detention of children should be: A) used mainly as a deterrent to other young people B) a last resort and as short as appropriate C) the usual response to any offence D) decided in public hearings To'g'ri javob: B) a last resort and as short as appropriate ✔ 22. It's high time the government ___ the law on cybercrime. A) will update B) updates C) has updated D) updated To'g'ri javob: D) updated ✔ 23. Read the text and answer the question. In mediation, a neutral third party helps the disputing parties to communicate and to find a mutually acceptable solution. Unlike a judge or an arbitrator, the mediator has no power to impose a decision. If the parties reach agreement, they may record it in a written settlement, which can become binding as a contract. If they do not, they remain free to go to court. What is true about the mediator's role? A) The mediator issues a binding award. B) The mediator cannot impose a decision on the parties. C) The mediator represents one of the parties. D) The mediator decides which party must pay all the court costs. To'g'ri javob: B) The mediator cannot impose a decision on the parties. ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 126 24. The documents, most of ___ were forged, were seized by customs. A) them B) that C) which D) what To'g'ri javob: C) which✔ 25. If the accused ___ guilty, he would receive a lighter sentence. A) had pleaded B) will plead C) pleaded D) pleads To'g'ri javob: C) pleaded ✔ 26. There were five suspects, two of ___ were women. A) them B) who C) whom D) which To'g'ri javob: C) whom ✔ 27. The case ___ dismissed if the prosecutor fails to provide the evidence within the deadline. A) was B) had been C) would have been D) will be To'g'ri javob: D) will be ✔ 28. Read the text and answer the question. The rule against double jeopardy protects a person from being tried twice for the same offence. Its purpose is to prevent the state from using its superior resources to harass an individual with repeated prosecutions. However, some legal systems now allow a retrial after an acquittal in exceptional circumstances, for instance when compelling new evidence of guilt emerges in a very serious case. According to the text, what is the purpose of the rule against double jeopardy? A) to allow prosecutors to correct their mistakes B) to protect individuals from repeated prosecution by the state C) to help victims of crime obtain fair compensation from the state D) to make trials faster To'g'ri javob: B) to protect individuals from repeated prosecution by the state ✔ 29. Under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, a coastal state may establish a territorial sea not exceeding: A) 200 nautical miles B) 24 nautical miles C) 350 nautical miles D) 12 nautical miles To'g'ri javob: D) 12 nautical miles ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 127 30. The international organisation that facilitates police cooperation and issues “Red Notices” requesting law enforcement worldwide to locate and provisionally arrest a wanted person is: A) Interpol B) the UN Office of Legal Affairs C) Europol D) the International Criminal Court To'g'ri javob: A) Interpol✔ 31. Some countries have a jury system, ___ others rely on professional judges. A) however B) therefore C) despite D) whereas To'g'ri javob: D) whereas ✔ 32. Cases like this ___ to be heard in a juvenile court, but the rules have changed. A) used B) are used C) were using D) use To'g'ri javob: A) used ✔ 33. Read the text and answer the question. Most extradition treaties contain the principle of double criminality. This means that a person can be extradited only if the act he is accused of is a crime in both the requesting and the requested state. Many treaties also contain a “political offence exception”, allowing a state to refuse extradition for purely political offences. Some countries, moreover, do not extradite their own nationals. Under the principle of double criminality, extradition is possible only if: A) the person is a national of both states B) the act is an offence under the laws of both states C) both states have abolished the death penalty for that offence D) the offence was committed in both states To'g'ri javob: B) the act is an offence under the laws of both states ✔ 34. The protection that prevents diplomatic agents from being prosecuted in the courts of the receiving state is called diplomatic: A) neutrality B) immunity C) reciprocity D) asylum To'g'ri javob: B) immunity ✔ 35. The man ___ house was searched has filed a complaint. A) that B) whose C) who's D) which To'g'ri javob: B) whose ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 128 36. The day ___ the verdict was announced, the streets were full of journalists. A) in which B) at which C) on which D) which To'g'ri javob: C) on which✔ 37. ___ the defendant ___ his lawyer appeared in court, so the hearing was postponed. A) Not only / or B) Both / and C) Neither / nor D) Either / nor To'g'ri javob: C) Neither / nor ✔ 38. ___ the police arrived, the thieves had already escaped. A) During B) Until C) Since D) By the time To'g'ri javob: D) By the time ✔ 39. If anyone ___ the man in this photo, please contact the police. A) recognised B) would recognise C) recognises D) will recognise To'g'ri javob: C) recognises ✔ 40. The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights were both adopted by the UN General Assembly in: A) 1948 B) 1976 C) 1966 D) 1989 To'g'ri javob: C) 1966 ✔ 41. Read the text and answer the question. In English contract law, a contract is generally formed when an offer is unconditionally accepted. However, there must also be consideration, meaning that each party gives or promises something of value in return. In addition, the parties must intend to create legal relations; agreements between family members, for example, are presumed not to be legally binding. Which agreement does the text suggest is presumed NOT to be legally binding? A) a contract for the sale of a car between two strangers B) a promise between a father and his daughter about pocket money C) an employment agreement between a company and a manager D) a lease signed by a landlord and a tenant To'g'ri javob: B) a promise between a father and his daughter about pocket money ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 129 42. If I had known about the hearing, I ___ it. A) will attend B) would have attended C) attended D) would attend To'g'ri javob: B) would have attended✔ 43. The International Criminal Court has jurisdiction over genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and the crime of: A) drug trafficking B) piracy C) terrorism D) aggression To'g'ri javob: D) aggression ✔ 44. Under the UN Convention against Torture, torture involves severe pain or suffering intentionally inflicted for purposes such as obtaining a confession, by or with the consent or acquiescence of: A) a court acting under a valid judgment B) a public official or other person acting in an official capacity C) a foreign state only D) any private individual acting alone To'g'ri javob: B) a public official or other person acting in an official capacity ✔ 45. Choose the correct meaning: «Had the officer not intervened, the victim would have died.» A) The officer intervened and the victim survived. B) The officer didn't intervene and the victim died. C) The officer will intervene to save the victim. D) The officer intervened but the victim died. To'g'ri javob: A) The officer intervened and the victim survived. ✔ 46. If the suspect ___ yesterday, he would be in another country by now. A) hadn't been arrested B) isn't arrested C) won't be arrested D) wasn't arrested To'g'ri javob: A) hadn't been arrested ✔ 47. Read the text and answer the question. Habeas corpus, which literally means “you shall have the body”, is one of the oldest safeguards of personal liberty in English law. A person who believes he is being detained unlawfully may apply to a court, which can order the authorities to bring him before it and justify the detention. If the authorities cannot show a lawful basis, the court orders his release. The Habeas Corpus Act of 1679 strengthened this procedure. What is the main purpose of habeas corpus as described in the text? A) to transfer convicted prisoners between different countries B) to allow the police to detain suspects without charge C) to give compensation to victims of crime D) to allow a court to examine whether a detention is lawful To'g'ri javob: D) to allow a court to examine whether a detention is lawful ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 130 48. The defendant claimed he was at home. ___, three witnesses saw him at the bar. A) Therefore B) Similarly C) Moreover D) However To'g'ri javob: D) However✔ 49. Read the text and answer the question. Under the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations of 1961, diplomatic agents enjoy immunity from the criminal jurisdiction of the receiving state. This does not mean that diplomats are above the law: they are obliged to respect the laws of the host country. If a diplomat commits a serious offence, the receiving state may declare him persona non grata, and the sending state may also waive his immunity so that he can be prosecuted. Which statement is NOT true according to the text? A) Diplomats are not required to respect local laws. B) Diplomatic agents are immune from local criminal jurisdiction. C) A diplomat may be declared persona non grata. D) The sending state may waive a diplomat's immunity. To'g'ri javob: A) Diplomats are not required to respect local laws. ✔ 50. If the alarm ___, call the duty officer immediately. A) will go off B) would go off C) went off D) goes off To'g'ri javob: D) goes off ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 131 16-variant English • choose the correct answer 1. The only legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument, adopted by the UN General Assembly in 2003, is the: A) United Nations Convention against Corruption B) OECD Anti-Bribery Convention C) Criminal Law Convention on Corruption D) UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime To'g'ri javob: A) United Nations Convention against Corruption✔ 2. The judge made the witness ___ her statement. A) to repeat B) repeat C) repeating D) repeated To'g'ri javob: B) repeat ✔ 3. Choose the correct passive form of: «They gave the witness a new identity.» A) The witness was given a new identity. B) The witness given a new identity. C) The witness was gave a new identity. D) The witness has given a new identity. To'g'ri javob: A) The witness was given a new identity. ✔ 4. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «The burglar / was caught / while he try / to escape.» A) The burglar B) was caught C) to escape. D) while he try To'g'ri javob: D) while he try ✔ 5. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «The suspect / was / interrogated / during six hours.» A) was B) during six hours. C) interrogated D) The suspect To'g'ri javob: B) during six hours. ✔ 6. The permanent deprivation of property, such as the proceeds of crime, by order of a court is called: A) freezing B) attachment pending trial C) seizure for inspection D) confiscation To'g'ri javob: D) confiscation ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 132 7. Malicious software that encrypts a victim's files and demands payment for the decryption key is called: A) adware B) a keylogger C) spyware D) ransomware To'g'ri javob: D) ransomware✔ 8. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «Despite of / the lack of evidence, / the police / continued the investigation.» A) Despite of B) continued the investigation. C) the lack of evidence, D) the police To'g'ri javob: A) Despite of ✔ 9. Offering, promising or giving something of value to a public official in order to influence the performance of his or her duties is: A) bribery B) extortion of funds C) embezzlement D) lobbying To'g'ri javob: A) bribery ✔ 10. He objected to ___ like a criminal. A) being treated B) treat C) been treated D) be treated To'g'ri javob: A) being treated ✔ 11. The non-governmental organisation that publishes the annual Corruption Perceptions Index is: A) Transparency International B) the World Economic Forum C) Amnesty International D) Human Rights Watch To'g'ri javob: A) Transparency International ✔ 12. The witness ___ to have seen the attacker clearly. A) says B) is saying C) said D) is said To'g'ri javob: D) is said ✔ 13. Software that secretly collects information about a user's activities and sends it to a third party is called: A) spyware B) a patch C) ransomware D) a worm To'g'ri javob: A) spyware ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 133 14. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «The investigators / made him / to sign / the statement.» A) to sign B) made him C) the statement. D) The investigators To'g'ri javob: A) to sign✔ 15. She was accused ___ fraud. A) to commit B) for committing C) with committing D) of committing To'g'ri javob: D) of committing ✔ 16. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «The contract / was signed / by both parties / since two weeks ago.» A) The contract B) since two weeks ago. C) was signed D) by both parties To'g'ri javob: B) since two weeks ago. ✔ 17. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «The victim's family / demanded / that the case / to be reopened.» A) that the case B) The victim's family C) demanded D) to be reopened. To'g'ri javob: D) to be reopened. ✔ 18. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «The judge / asked the witness / what did he see / on the night of the murder.» A) on the night of the murder. B) The judge C) what did he see D) asked the witness To'g'ri javob: C) what did he see ✔ 19. The building ___ as a detention centre since 2015. A) has been used B) has used C) was using D) is used To'g'ri javob: A) has been used ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 134 20. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «The trial / was postponed / because of / the judge was ill.» A) The trial B) because of C) the judge was ill. D) was postponed To'g'ri javob: B) because of✔ 21. The accused insisted on ___ his own lawyer. A) chosen B) to choose C) choose D) choosing To'g'ri javob: D) choosing ✔ 22. The guard denied having ___ the prisoner escape. A) lets B) let C) letting D) to let To'g'ri javob: B) let ✔ 23. The legal requirement for public officials to report their income, property and other assets periodically is known as: A) asset declaration B) asset management C) asset recovery D) asset stripping To'g'ri javob: A) asset declaration ✔ 24. Choose the correct passive form of: «The court had already issued the warrant.» A) The warrant has already been issued. B) The warrant had already been issued. C) The warrant had already issued. D) The warrant was already issuing. To'g'ri javob: B) The warrant had already been issued. ✔ 25. Secretly using a victim's computer processing power to mine cryptocurrency without permission is called: A) cryptojacking B) crowdfunding C) cybersquatting D) cyberstalking To'g'ri javob: A) cryptojacking ✔ 26. He objected ___ searched without a warrant. A) being B) for being C) to be D) to being To'g'ri javob: D) to being ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 135 27. The case ___ by the court at the moment. A) is being heard B) has heard C) is heard D) is hearing To'g'ri javob: A) is being heard✔ 28. An attack in which malicious database commands are inserted into the input fields of a website in order to access or alter data is called: A) cross-border injection B) domain parking C) SQL injection D) packet sniffing To'g'ri javob: C) SQL injection ✔ 29. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «The suspect / insisted on / to call / his lawyer.» A) his lawyer. B) insisted on C) to call D) The suspect To'g'ri javob: C) to call ✔ 30. The minister is reported ___ his resignation yesterday. A) to submit B) to have submitted C) to be submitting D) submitting To'g'ri javob: B) to have submitted ✔ 31. The new rules require all patrol officers ___ body cameras. A) to wear B) wearing C) wear D) worn To'g'ri javob: A) to wear ✔ 32. We are having the office ___ for listening devices. A) to check B) checking C) check D) checked To'g'ri javob: D) checked ✔ 33. The witness was too frightened ___ the truth. A) tell B) told C) telling D) to tell To'g'ri javob: D) to tell ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 136 34. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «The prisoner / escaped / of prison / last night.» A) last night. B) escaped C) of prison D) The prisoner To'g'ri javob: C) of prison✔ 35. The fugitive is believed ___ in the mountains at present. A) to have hidden B) be hiding C) to be hiding D) hiding To'g'ri javob: C) to be hiding ✔ 36. It ___ that the gang operates in three countries. A) has believed B) believes C) is believing D) is believed To'g'ri javob: D) is believed ✔ 37. The jury needs more time ___ the evidence. A) considering B) to consider C) consider D) considered To'g'ri javob: B) to consider ✔ 38. The defendant admitted ___ the documents. A) forge B) forged C) to forge D) forging To'g'ri javob: D) forging ✔ 39. The lawyer persuaded his client ___ guilty. A) pleaded B) plead C) pleading D) to plead To'g'ri javob: D) to plead ✔ 40. The detainee was not allowed ___ his family. A) called B) to call C) calling D) call To'g'ri javob: B) to call ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 137 41. Hacking carried out to promote a political or social cause, for example by defacing government websites, is called: A) cyber-squatting B) spam C) phreaking D) hacktivism To'g'ri javob: D) hacktivism✔ 42. Have you finished ___ the report on the burglary? A) write B) written C) to write D) writing To'g'ri javob: D) writing ✔ 43. The new law will enable courts ___ cases faster. A) process B) to process C) processed D) processing To'g'ri javob: B) to process ✔ 44. The part of the Internet that is not indexed by ordinary search engines and can be accessed only with special software such as Tor, often used for illegal markets, is called the: A) cloud B) intranet C) surface web D) dark web To'g'ri javob: D) dark web ✔ 45. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «He / was charged with / to steal / a car.» A) to steal B) He C) a car. D) was charged with To'g'ri javob: A) to steal ✔ 46. Choose the correct passive form of: «The judge will sentence the offender tomorrow.» A) The offender will have sentenced tomorrow. B) The offender will sentence tomorrow. C) The offender is sentenced tomorrow. D) The offender will be sentenced tomorrow. To'g'ri javob: D) The offender will be sentenced tomorrow. ✔ 47. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «The suspect / was accused / for stealing / a car last night.» A) for stealing B) a car last night. C) The suspect D) was accused To'g'ri javob: A) for stealing ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 138 48. Using another person's personal data, such as name and identity number, to obtain credit or commit fraud in that person's name is called: A) data mining B) cyber espionage C) identity theft D) doxing To'g'ri javob: C) identity theft✔ 49. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «The jury / reached / a verdict / very quick.» A) a verdict B) reached C) very quick. D) The jury To'g'ri javob: C) very quick. ✔ 50. Which verb cannot normally be used in the passive voice? A) disappear B) sentence C) arrest D) investigate To'g'ri javob: A) disappear ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 139 17-variant English • choose the correct answer 1. «We will appeal the decision,» the lawyer said. → The lawyer said that they ___ the decision. A) would appeal B) had appealed C) will have appealed D) are appealing To'g'ri javob: A) would appeal✔ 2. A person who helps another person to commit a crime and shares responsibility for it is called an: A) accomplice B) assessor C) informant D) advocate To'g'ri javob: A) accomplice ✔ 3. Choose the correct word: “In a criminal trial, the prosecution ___ the burden of proving the defendant's guilt.” A) brings B) bears C) takes D) wears To'g'ri javob: B) bears ✔ 4. In criminal cases in common-law countries, the prosecution must prove the defendant's guilt: A) by reasonable suspicion only B) on a prima facie basis C) beyond reasonable doubt D) on the balance of probabilities To'g'ri javob: C) beyond reasonable doubt ✔ 5. Money or security given to a court so that an arrested person can be released until the trial is called: A) a fine B) damages C) bail D) restitution To'g'ri javob: C) bail ✔ 6. Choose the correct word: “After long negotiations, the two states ___ a treaty of friendship and cooperation.” A) closed B) achieved C) ended D) concluded To'g'ri javob: D) concluded ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 140 7. She ___ as a public prosecutor for ten years before she was appointed a judge. A) has worked B) works C) had worked D) is working To'g'ri javob: C) had worked✔ 8. Unlawfully taking away and detaining a person by force or fraud, often to demand a ransom, is: A) battery B) trespass C) kidnapping D) harassment To'g'ri javob: C) kidnapping ✔ 9. «Yes, I stole the car,» the teenager said. → The teenager ___ stealing the car. A) offered B) admitted C) refused D) promised To'g'ri javob: B) admitted ✔ 10. How long ___ for the Ministry of Internal Affairs? — Since 2015. A) do you work B) have you worked C) are you working D) did you work To'g'ri javob: B) have you worked ✔ 11. Crime rates in the region ___ steadily over the past decade. A) are falling B) fell C) had fallen D) have fallen To'g'ri javob: D) have fallen ✔ 12. Choose the correct phrase: “Defendants who cannot afford a lawyer may be ___ legal aid.” A) legible for B) illegible for C) liable for D) eligible for To'g'ri javob: D) eligible for ✔ 13. Since the new chief was appointed, the department ___ dramatically. A) had changed B) has changed C) changes D) changed To'g'ri javob: B) has changed ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 141 14. The driver ___ that he had been at home all evening. A) talked B) said C) told D) spoke To'g'ri javob: B) said✔ 15. «Please, please give me another chance,» the young offender said to the judge. → He ___ the judge to give him another chance. A) suggested B) begged C) admitted D) offered To'g'ri javob: B) begged ✔ 16. Choose the correct word: “Before signing any contract of this size, you should ___ legal advice.” A) search B) look C) hunt D) seek To'g'ri javob: D) seek ✔ 17. The defendant ___ his testimony three times since the investigation began, which undermines his credibility. A) changed B) has changed C) changes D) will change To'g'ri javob: B) has changed ✔ 18. «Remember to lock the evidence room,» the chief said to me. → The chief ___ me to lock the evidence room. A) suggested B) reminded C) said D) remembered To'g'ri javob: B) reminded ✔ 19. Choose the correct word: “The prosecutor objected to the question, and the judge ___ the objection.” A) retained B) contained C) obtained D) sustained To'g'ri javob: D) sustained ✔ 20. Choose the correct word: “Either party may ___ the contract by giving thirty days' written notice.” A) extinguish B) exterminate C) eliminate D) terminate To'g'ri javob: D) terminate ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 142 21. Choose the correct word: “The court granted the defence's ___ to dismiss the case.” A) promotion B) motion C) emotion D) movement To'g'ri javob: B) motion✔ 22. «It was Ali who started the fight,» the witness said. → The witness ___ Ali for starting the fight. A) blamed B) accused C) denied D) charged To'g'ri javob: A) blamed ✔ 23. Interpol ___ a Red Notice for the fugitive, so it is now visible to all member countries. A) issues B) has issued C) had issued D) is issuing To'g'ri javob: B) has issued ✔ 24. A defendant who has been found guilty asks a higher court to review the conviction. He is said to: A) plead to the conviction B) remand the conviction C) appeal against the conviction D) indict the conviction To'g'ri javob: C) appeal against the conviction ✔ 25. The defendant ___ the court's decision, so he asks his lawyer to explain it again. A) has not been understanding B) is not understanding C) not understands D) does not understand To'g'ri javob: D) does not understand ✔ 26. «You stole the money!» the manager said to the cashier. → The manager ___ the cashier of stealing the money. A) criticised B) accused C) denied D) blamed To'g'ri javob: B) accused ✔ 27. Report the question: «Where were you on the night of the murder?» the detective asked me. A) The detective asked me where I am on the night of the murder. B) The detective asked me where I had been on the night of the murder. C) The detective asked me where was I on the night of the murder. D) The detective asked me where had I been on the night of the murder. To'g'ri javob: B) The detective asked me where I had been on the night of the murder. ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 143 28. Every Monday morning the head of department ___ a briefing for all investigators. A) has held B) held C) holds D) is holding To'g'ri javob: C) holds✔ 29. Choose the correct word: “The parties managed to ___ their dispute out of court.” A) settle B) sit C) seat D) set To'g'ri javob: A) settle ✔ 30. The mental element of a crime, often described as the “guilty mind”, is known as: A) actus reus B) mens rea C) habeas corpus D) res judicata To'g'ri javob: B) mens rea ✔ 31. Entering a building as a trespasser with the intention of stealing is the offence of: A) arson B) fraud C) burglary D) robbery To'g'ri javob: C) burglary ✔ 32. A defence claiming that law enforcement officers induced the defendant to commit an offence that he would not otherwise have committed is called: A) duress B) provocation C) necessity D) entrapment To'g'ri javob: D) entrapment ✔ 33. Choose the correct word: “The minister refused to ___ responsibility for the failure of the project.” A) adopt B) accept C) expect D) except To'g'ri javob: B) accept ✔ 34. Choose the correct word: “Nobody saw him ___ the crime, but his fingerprints were found at the scene.” A) commit B) make C) perform D) do To'g'ri javob: A) commit ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 144 35. Deliberately and unlawfully setting fire to a building or other property is the crime of: A) arson B) sabotage C) trespass D) vandalism To'g'ri javob: A) arson✔ 36. Choose the correct word: “The prosecutor ___ the charges because the key witness withdrew her statement.” A) dropped B) let C) fell D) threw To'g'ri javob: A) dropped ✔ 37. By next June, Officer Tursunov ___ in the traffic police for twenty years. A) will have served B) serves C) has served D) will serve To'g'ri javob: A) will have served ✔ 38. The accused claimed he ___ the victim before the night of the crime. A) is never meeting B) never meets C) had never met D) has never met To'g'ri javob: C) had never met ✔ 39. Choose the correct word: “Because a witness was ill, the judge ___ the hearing until next week.” A) adhered B) adjourned C) adjusted D) adjoined To'g'ri javob: B) adjourned ✔ 40. «The suspect may be armed,» the radio operator warned. → The operator warned that the suspect ___. A) might be armed B) had armed C) must be armed D) will be armed To'g'ri javob: A) might be armed ✔ 41. Information that tends to show that the accused is NOT guilty, which prosecutors are generally required to disclose to the defence, is called ___ evidence. A) exculpatory B) incriminating C) inculpatory D) prejudicial To'g'ri javob: A) exculpatory ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 145 42. The phone rang just as the inspector ___ the office. A) leaves B) has been leaving C) was leaving D) has left To'g'ri javob: C) was leaving✔ 43. We ___ a meeting with the prosecutor tomorrow at noon; it's already in my diary. A) had B) would have had C) are having D) have had To'g'ri javob: C) are having ✔ 44. This time next week, the jury ___ the evidence in the conference room. A) was considering B) considers C) will be considering D) has considered To'g'ri javob: C) will be considering ✔ 45. In a criminal case, the lawyers who act for the state against the accused are collectively called the: A) prosecution B) judiciary C) bench D) defence To'g'ri javob: A) prosecution ✔ 46. Which sentence is correct reported speech? A) He explained to me that had he lost his ID card. B) He explained me that he had lost his ID card. C) He explained that he had lost his ID card. D) He explained that he has lost his ID card yesterday. To'g'ri javob: C) He explained that he had lost his ID card. ✔ 47. The hearing at which an accused person is formally called before the court, the charge is read out, and he is asked to plead, is the: A) summation B) deliberation C) sentencing D) arraignment To'g'ri javob: D) arraignment ✔ 48. Report the question: «Why did you run away from the police?» the judge asked him. A) The judge asked him why did he run away from the police. B) The judge asked him why he has run away from the police. C) The judge asked him why he had run away from the police. D) The judge asked him why had he run away from the police. To'g'ri javob: C) The judge asked him why he had run away from the police. ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 146 49. A court order requiring a person to appear in court to give evidence, under penalty for failure, is a: A) subpoena B) warrant of arrest C) verdict D) caution To'g'ri javob: A) subpoena✔ 50. The judge ___ the jury to disregard the witness's last remark. A) instructed B) suggested C) said D) explained To'g'ri javob: A) instructed ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 147 18-variant English • choose the correct answer 1. Choose the correct form: “The ___ of the death penalty was a major step in the country's legal reform.” (ABOLISH) A) abolition B) abolitionist C) abolisher D) abolished To'g'ri javob: A) abolition✔ 2. There isn't ___ information about the suspect in the database. A) a B) much C) many D) a few To'g'ri javob: B) much ✔ 3. ___ unemployed are more likely to become victims of fraud, according to the report. A) The B) A C) An D) (no article) To'g'ri javob: A) The ✔ 4. We ___ have hired an interpreter: the defendant spoke excellent Uzbek, so it was a waste of money. A) couldn't B) wouldn't C) mustn't D) needn't To'g'ri javob: D) needn't ✔ 5. A writ requiring that a detained person be brought before a court so that the lawfulness of the detention can be examined is called: A) quo warranto B) habeas corpus C) mandamus D) certiorari To'g'ri javob: B) habeas corpus ✔ 6. I'm not sure where the file is. It ___ be in the archive, or perhaps the judge has it. A) needn't B) might C) can't D) must To'g'ri javob: B) might ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 148 7. Hardly ___ of the stolen property was recovered. A) no B) any C) some D) none To'g'ri javob: B) any✔ 8. Would you like ___ coffee before the interview starts? A) few B) many C) some D) any To'g'ri javob: C) some ✔ 9. In a civil case, the party who brings the action is called the “claimant” in England and Wales and traditionally the ___ in the USA. A) defendant B) prosecutor C) respondent D) plaintiff To'g'ri javob: D) plaintiff ✔ 10. Choose the correct form: “The court found a ___ of the applicant's right to privacy.” (VIOLATE) A) violation B) violent C) violating D) violator To'g'ri javob: A) violation ✔ 11. Choose the correct form: “As an elected ___, she voted against the proposed tax.” (LEGISLATE) A) legislature B) legislation C) legislative D) legislator To'g'ri javob: D) legislator ✔ 12. The party who appeals against a court decision is called the: A) appellant B) assessor C) claimant D) respondent To'g'ri javob: A) appellant ✔ 13. Law developed by judges through their decisions in individual cases is called: A) delegated legislation B) case law C) canon law D) statute law To'g'ri javob: B) case law ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 149 14. He ___ have committed the robbery — he was in hospital that night. A) must B) may C) should D) can't To'g'ri javob: D) can't✔ 15. You ___ better hurry; the court registry closes at five. A) must B) would C) had D) should To'g'ri javob: C) had ✔ 16. Choose the correct form: “The ___ asked the court to review the decision of the tax authority.” (APPLY) A) applicant B) appliance C) applicable D) application To'g'ri javob: A) applicant ✔ 17. ___ of the witnesses could identify the attacker; they were all too far away. A) None B) Neither C) Any D) No To'g'ri javob: A) None ✔ 18. Choose the correct form: “The independence of the ___ is guaranteed by the constitution.” (JUDGE) A) judicious B) judicially C) judicial D) judiciary To'g'ri javob: D) judiciary ✔ 19. Unfortunately, ___ people come forward as witnesses, so many crimes remain unsolved. A) few B) a little C) little D) a few To'g'ri javob: A) few ✔ 20. Disobeying a court order or seriously disrupting court proceedings may be punished as: A) breach of privilege B) contempt of court C) misfeasance D) abuse of process To'g'ri javob: B) contempt of court ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 150 21. A state in which sovereignty is concentrated in a central government, and local authorities exercise only powers delegated to them, is called a ___ state. A) federal B) confederated C) unitary D) composite To'g'ri javob: C) unitary✔ 22. Since 2009, the highest court of appeal in the United Kingdom has been the: A) Court of Appeal of England and Wales B) Supreme Court of the United Kingdom C) Judicial Committee of the Privy Council D) Appellate Committee of the House of Lords To'g'ri javob: B) Supreme Court of the United Kingdom ✔ 23. Offering help to a colleague: «___ I carry these case files for you?» A) Shall B) Need C) Will D) Must To'g'ri javob: A) Shall ✔ 24. The jury did not believe ___ of the two defendants. A) neither B) either C) none D) every To'g'ri javob: B) either ✔ 25. Choose the correct meaning: «Applications may be submitted electronically.» A) Electronic submission is forbidden. B) Electronic submission is compulsory. C) Electronic submission was possible only in the past. D) Electronic submission is permitted. To'g'ri javob: D) Electronic submission is permitted. ✔ 26. In Uzbekistan, the police are subordinate to ___ Ministry of Internal Affairs. A) the B) an C) a D) (no article) To'g'ri javob: A) the ✔ 27. Will you ___ testify next week, or are you still in hospital? A) may B) can C) could D) be able to To'g'ri javob: D) be able to ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 151 28. ___ of the two suspects has an alibi. A) Neither B) All C) Both D) Few To'g'ri javob: A) Neither✔ 29. You ___ have told the suspect about his right to remain silent. Now his confession may be excluded. A) would B) can C) should D) must To'g'ri javob: C) should ✔ 30. Choose the correct form: “One purpose of punishment is ___, that is, discouraging others from committing crimes.” (DETER) A) determination B) deterrence C) deterring D) deterioration To'g'ri javob: B) deterrence ✔ 31. We still have ___ time before the hearing, so let's have a coffee. A) a few B) many C) few D) a little To'g'ri javob: D) a little ✔ 32. In England and Wales, a lawyer who mainly advises clients directly, prepares documents and handles transactions, and traditionally instructs specialist advocates for the higher courts, is a: A) solicitor B) notary public C) magistrate D) barrister To'g'ri javob: A) solicitor ✔ 33. The doctrine that state power should be divided among the legislative, executive and judicial branches is known as the: A) devolution of powers B) separation of powers C) rule of recognition D) supremacy of statute To'g'ri javob: B) separation of powers ✔ 34. Speakers in court ___ address the judge as «Your Honour». A) expected B) are expected to C) are expecting D) are expected To'g'ri javob: B) are expected to ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 152 35. An act of a public body that goes beyond the legal powers granted to it is described as: A) de jure B) intra vires C) ultra vires D) bona fide To'g'ri javob: C) ultra vires✔ 36. Choose the correct form: “Effective ___ of court judgments is essential for the rule of law.” (ENFORCE) A) enforcing B) enforcer C) enforceable D) enforcement To'g'ri javob: D) enforcement ✔ 37. Choose the correct form: “The arrest was not ___ because the police had no warrant.” (LAW) A) lawyer B) lawful C) lawless D) lawfully To'g'ri javob: B) lawful ✔ 38. «The applicant ___ submit original documents; certified copies are acceptable.» The meaning is that there is no obligation. A) cannot B) need not C) shall not D) must not To'g'ri javob: B) need not ✔ 39. Choose the correct form: “The opposition questioned the ___ of the new government.” (LEGITIMATE) A) legitimise B) legitimate C) legitimacy D) legitimately To'g'ri javob: C) legitimacy ✔ 40. Choose the correct form: «Lawyers ___ keep their clients' information confidential.» A) has to B) having to C) have to D) haves to To'g'ri javob: C) have to ✔ 41. ___ I see your identity card, please, sir? A) May B) Ought C) Must D) Need To'g'ri javob: A) May ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 153 42. There is ___ paperwork in this department; we spend more time on forms than on investigations. A) too few B) a few C) too many D) too much To'g'ri javob: D) too much✔ 43. There were ___ witnesses at the scene, so the police could take statements from several people. A) few B) little C) a little D) quite a few To'g'ri javob: D) quite a few ✔ 44. Choose the correct form: “Some countries have decided to ___ the possession of small amounts of certain drugs, turning it into an administrative violation.” (CRIMINAL) A) recriminate B) discriminate C) incriminate D) decriminalise To'g'ri javob: D) decriminalise ✔ 45. To revoke an existing statute so that it no longer has legal effect is to ___ it. A) enact B) ratify C) codify D) repeal To'g'ri javob: D) repeal ✔ 46. An independent official who investigates complaints from citizens about the actions of public authorities is called an: A) attorney B) ombudsman C) auditor D) assessor To'g'ri javob: B) ombudsman ✔ 47. Choose the correct form: “Public procurement must be conducted with full ___.” (TRANSPARENT) A) transparency B) transparently C) transparentize D) transparent To'g'ri javob: A) transparency ✔ 48. Choose the correct form: “The officer was dismissed for gross ___.” (CONDUCT) A) malconduct B) disconduct C) unconduct D) misconduct To'g'ri javob: D) misconduct ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 154 49. Which request is the most polite and formal? A) Could you possibly send me a copy of the judgment? B) Send me a copy of the judgment. C) Can't you send me a copy of the judgment? D) You must send me a copy of the judgment. To'g'ri javob: A) Could you possibly send me a copy of the judgment?✔ 50. Complete the sentence: “Parliament ___ a law when it formally passes it.” A) repeals B) enacts C) enforces D) overrules To'g'ri javob: B) enacts ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 155 19-variant English • choose the correct answer 1. Read the text and answer the question. Victims of crime were once regarded mainly as witnesses for the prosecution. In recent decades, however, many countries have recognised that victims have rights of their own, including the right to information about the progress of their case, the right to protection and, in some cases, the right to compensation. In several civil-law countries, victims may also join criminal proceedings as civil parties. What is the main idea of the text? A) The legal position of victims has improved in recent decades. B) Victims must pay for criminal proceedings. C) Victims no longer appear as witnesses. D) Only common-law countries recognise that victims have rights of their own. To'g'ri javob: A) The legal position of victims has improved in recent decades.✔ 2. Peremptory norms of general international law from which no derogation is permitted, such as the prohibition of genocide, are called: A) jus cogens B) lex specialis C) comity D) soft law To'g'ri javob: A) jus cogens ✔ 3. Read the text and answer the question. Hearsay evidence is a statement made out of court that is offered to prove the truth of what it asserts. Traditionally, common-law courts have been reluctant to admit such evidence, because the person who originally made the statement cannot be cross-examined and the court cannot observe his demeanour. Modern statutes, however, allow hearsay to be admitted in a number of situations, for example when the original speaker has died. Why have courts traditionally been reluctant to admit hearsay evidence? A) It can only be given by police officers and other public officials. B) It is always deliberately false. C) It is too expensive to obtain. D) The original speaker cannot be cross-examined. To'g'ri javob: D) The original speaker cannot be cross-examined. ✔ 4. A state that has signed a treaty is called a(n) ___ to that treaty. A) mandatory B) guarantor C) trustee D) signatory To'g'ri javob: D) signatory ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 156 5. The thief would have got away if a passer-by ___ him. A) doesn't stop B) wouldn't stop C) hadn't stopped D) didn't stop To'g'ri javob: C) hadn't stopped✔ 6. Read the text and answer the question. When investigators seize a laptop, they must document every step: who seized it, where it was stored and who had access to it. This record, known as the chain of custody, allows the court to be confident that the evidence has not been altered. Investigators normally work on an exact copy of the hard drive rather than on the original, and they calculate hash values to prove that the copy is identical. Why do investigators usually work on a copy rather than the original hard drive? A) to share the data with the suspect's lawyer B) because originals are inadmissible by law C) because copies are faster to seize D) to avoid altering the original evidence To'g'ri javob: D) to avoid altering the original evidence ✔ 7. The temporary suspension by a state of some of its human rights obligations in time of a public emergency threatening the life of the nation is called: A) derogation B) secession C) accession D) reservation To'g'ri javob: A) derogation ✔ 8. Read the text and answer the question. Some norms of international law are so fundamental that states cannot set them aside by agreement. These peremptory norms, or jus cogens, include the prohibitions of genocide, slavery and torture. According to the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, a treaty that conflicts with a peremptory norm at the time of its conclusion is void. What is the legal consequence of a treaty conflicting with jus cogens at the time of its conclusion? A) The treaty must be renegotiated within a year. B) The treaty applies only to the stronger party. C) The treaty remains valid but unenforceable. D) The treaty is void. To'g'ri javob: D) The treaty is void. ✔ 9. The European Convention on Human Rights was drafted within the framework of the: A) European Union B) Council of Europe C) Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe D) United Nations Security Council To'g'ri javob: B) Council of Europe ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 157 10. The principle that prohibits states from returning refugees to a territory where their life or freedom would be threatened is called: A) non-intervention B) non-refoulement C) non-alignment D) non-retroactivity To'g'ri javob: B) non-refoulement✔ 11. The judge will grant the request ___ the defence presents new evidence. A) on condition that B) unless C) even though D) in case of To'g'ri javob: A) on condition that ✔ 12. If the bank ___ the suspicious transaction, the money laundering would have been detected earlier. A) would report B) reports C) had reported D) reported To'g'ri javob: C) had reported ✔ 13. The suspect, ___ had been arrested twice before, was refused bail. A) whom B) that C) which D) who To'g'ri javob: D) who ✔ 14. The European Court of Human Rights sits in: A) The Hague B) Strasbourg C) Luxembourg D) Brussels To'g'ri javob: B) Strasbourg ✔ 15. Read the text and answer the question. Cyberstalking involves repeatedly using electronic communications to harass or frighten a person. It may include sending threatening messages, monitoring the victim's online activity or publishing private information. Because the stalker may hide behind fake accounts, victims are advised to keep records of all messages, as these can later serve as evidence. Why are victims advised to keep all messages? A) They help the stalker to stop. B) The law forbids deleting messages. C) They may be used as evidence later. D) Police cannot act without the stalker's consent. To'g'ri javob: C) They may be used as evidence later. ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 158 16. Read the text and answer the question. Civil and criminal cases apply different standards of proof. In a criminal trial, the prosecution must prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt, because a conviction may lead to loss of liberty. In a civil case, the claimant need only prove the case on the balance of probabilities, that is, show that his version is more likely than not to be true. As a result, a person acquitted in a criminal court may still be found liable in a civil action arising from the same facts. Why can a person acquitted of a crime still lose a civil case based on the same events? A) Because civil courts ignore criminal judgments. B) Because the civil standard of proof is lower. C) Because civil cases are decided by juries. D) Because the criminal standard of proof is lower. To'g'ri javob: B) Because the civil standard of proof is lower.✔ 17. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «One of the main / principals / of criminal law / is the presumption of innocence.» A) One of the main B) is the presumption of innocence. C) of criminal law D) principals To'g'ri javob: D) principals ✔ 18. The police officer ___ we interviewed refused to give his name. A) where B) whom C) which D) whose To'g'ri javob: B) whom ✔ 19. Read the text and answer the question. Community sentences require offenders to do unpaid work, attend treatment programmes or comply with other requirements while living at home. They are usually imposed for less serious offences. Supporters argue that they are cheaper than imprisonment and that offenders can keep their jobs and family ties, which reduces the risk of reoffending. According to supporters, how do community sentences help reduce reoffending? A) Offenders receive longer sentences. B) Offenders keep their jobs and family relationships. C) Offenders are kept in isolation from society. D) Offenders are supervised in prison. To'g'ri javob: B) Offenders keep their jobs and family relationships. ✔ 20. You can borrow the case files ___ you return them by Friday. A) unless B) even if C) provided that D) otherwise To'g'ri javob: C) provided that ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 159 21. Amnesty International, which campaigns for human rights worldwide but is not established by states, is an example of a(n): A) non-governmental organisation B) intergovernmental organisation C) treaty monitoring body D) UN specialised agency To'g'ri javob: A) non-governmental organisation✔ 22. In addition ___ a fine, he received a suspended sentence. A) for B) with C) of D) to To'g'ri javob: D) to ✔ 23. In which sentence can the relative pronoun be omitted? A) The inspector who wrote the report was accurate. B) The report that the inspector wrote was accurate. C) The inspector, who is my friend, wrote the report. D) The report, which was accurate, was published. To'g'ri javob: B) The report that the inspector wrote was accurate. ✔ 24. The rules of international humanitarian law protecting the wounded, prisoners of war and civilians in armed conflict are mainly codified in the: A) Geneva Conventions of 1949 B) Vienna Conventions of 1961 C) Hague Convention of 1970 D) Montreal Protocol of 1987 To'g'ri javob: A) Geneva Conventions of 1949 ✔ 25. Murder, enslavement or torture committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against any civilian population constitute: A) crimes against humanity B) breaches of the peace C) ordinary offences D) crimes of aggression To'g'ri javob: A) crimes against humanity ✔ 26. ___ the officer was patrolling the street, he heard a scream. A) While B) During C) For D) Meanwhile To'g'ri javob: A) While ✔ 27. Unless the defendant ___ bail, he will remain in custody. A) will pay B) doesn't pay C) paid D) pays To'g'ri javob: D) pays ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 160 28. I wish I ___ a lawyer before I signed the confession. A) consulted B) had consulted C) would consult D) have consulted To'g'ri javob: B) had consulted✔ 29. If the documents ___ in order, the visa will be issued within five days. A) will be B) are C) would be D) were To'g'ri javob: B) are ✔ 30. If the police had arrived earlier, they ___ the thief. A) would have caught B) caught C) would catch D) will catch To'g'ri javob: A) would have caught ✔ 31. Read the text and answer the question. Customary international law arises from the general practice of states accepted as law. Two elements are required: consistent state practice and opinio juris, the belief that the practice is legally obligatory. A practice followed merely out of courtesy or convenience does not create a customary rule. Unlike treaties, customary rules can bind states that have never expressly agreed to them. Why would a practice followed only out of courtesy NOT create a customary rule? A) Because courtesy is prohibited by international law. B) Because state practice is too consistent. C) Because it has not been written in a treaty. D) Because opinio juris is missing. To'g'ri javob: D) Because opinio juris is missing. ✔ 32. Obligations that a state owes towards the international community as a whole, so that every state has a legal interest in their protection, are called obligations: A) ex post facto B) sui generis C) inter partes D) erga omnes To'g'ri javob: D) erga omnes ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 161 33. Read the text and answer the question. Before an application can be examined on its merits, the European Court of Human Rights checks whether it is admissible. One key condition is that the applicant must first have exhausted all effective domestic remedies. The rule reflects the idea that national authorities should have the opportunity to put right an alleged violation before the matter is brought to an international court. What idea underlies the requirement to exhaust domestic remedies? A) Applicants must pay fees to national courts first. B) International courts are more reliable than national ones. C) The European Court only hears cases from member states' governments. D) National authorities should first have a chance to correct the violation. To'g'ri javob: D) National authorities should first have a chance to correct the violation.✔ 34. If he hadn't been drinking that night, he ___ alive now. A) would still be B) is still C) would still have been D) will still be To'g'ri javob: A) would still be ✔ 35. The formal surrender of a person by one state to another state for prosecution or for serving a sentence is called: A) extradition B) expulsion C) repatriation D) deportation To'g'ri javob: A) extradition ✔ 36. What would you do if you ___ a colleague taking a bribe? A) will see B) see C) had seen D) saw To'g'ri javob: D) saw ✔ 37. The officer ___ arrested the suspect received an award. A) who B) whom C) whose D) which To'g'ri javob: A) who ✔ 38. The lawyer ___ I spoke to yesterday was very helpful. A) what B) which C) (no word) D) whose To'g'ri javob: C) (no word) ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 162 39. Read the text and answer the question. Historically, companies could not easily be prosecuted because a company has no mind of its own. Today, many legal systems recognise corporate criminal liability. In some systems, a company is liable for offences committed by senior managers who represent its “directing mind”; in others, it can be liable for offences of any employee acting on its behalf. Corporate penalties usually take the form of fines. Why was it historically difficult to prosecute companies? A) Because company managers enjoyed immunity. B) Because companies were too rich to be fined. C) Because only foreign states were allowed to prosecute companies. D) Because a company was seen as having no mind of its own. To'g'ri javob: D) Because a company was seen as having no mind of its own.✔ 40. Read the text and answer the question. When a state ratifies a multilateral treaty, it may make a reservation excluding or modifying certain provisions. However, reservations are not unlimited. Under the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, a reservation is not permitted if the treaty prohibits it or if it is incompatible with the object and purpose of the treaty. When is a reservation NOT permitted, according to the text? A) whenever the treaty has more than two parties B) when it is made at the time of ratification C) when the state has already signed the treaty before ratifying it D) when it is incompatible with the object and purpose of the treaty To'g'ri javob: D) when it is incompatible with the object and purpose of the treaty ✔ 41. The prosecutor would rather the defendant ___ the truth now than later. A) tells B) told C) will tell D) has told To'g'ri javob: B) told ✔ 42. In this country, if a driver exceeds the speed limit, he automatically ___ a fine. A) got B) would have got C) had got D) gets To'g'ri javob: D) gets ✔ 43. The principal judicial organ of the United Nations is the: A) Permanent Court of Arbitration B) International Court of Justice C) International Criminal Court D) European Court of Human Rights To'g'ri javob: B) International Court of Justice ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 163 44. Read the text and answer the question. The presumption of innocence is a cornerstone of criminal justice. It means that the accused does not have to prove that he is innocent; instead, the prosecution must prove his guilt. If, at the end of the trial, the court still has a reasonable doubt, the accused must be acquitted. The principle is recognised in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and in most national constitutions. According to the text, what happens if a reasonable doubt about guilt remains at the end of the trial? A) The prosecution may present new charges. B) The accused must be acquitted. C) The accused must prove his innocence. D) The case must be sent to a higher court. To'g'ri javob: B) The accused must be acquitted.✔ 45. The trial was adjourned ___ the judge's illness. A) because B) so that C) because of D) although To'g'ri javob: C) because of ✔ 46. The police had a strong case. ___, the jury acquitted the defendant. A) Nevertheless B) Although C) Despite D) Because To'g'ri javob: A) Nevertheless ✔ 47. He was found guilty ___ he had a very good lawyer. A) however B) even though C) in spite of D) despite To'g'ri javob: B) even though ✔ 48. The investigation is extremely complex; ___, it could take many months. A) therefore B) although C) however D) whereas To'g'ri javob: A) therefore ✔ 49. What ___ if the defendant doesn't appear in court tomorrow? A) happened B) happens C) would have happened D) had happened To'g'ri javob: B) happens ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 164 50. This is the investigator ___ I told you about. A) where B) which C) who D) whose To'g'ri javob: C) who✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 165 20-variant English • choose the correct answer 1. The suspect denied ___ at the scene of the crime. A) been seen B) be seen C) being seen D) to be seen To'g'ri javob: C) being seen✔ 2. The police want the public ___ any suspicious activity. A) reported B) report C) reporting D) to report To'g'ri javob: D) to report ✔ 3. The prosecution has decided ___ the charges. A) to drop B) drop C) dropping D) dropped To'g'ri javob: A) to drop ✔ 4. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «The witness / was afraid / of being / persecuted for perjury.» A) of being B) persecuted for perjury. C) The witness D) was afraid To'g'ri javob: B) persecuted for perjury. ✔ 5. The lower court's decision ___ by a higher court. A) can overturn B) can be overturned C) can being overturned D) can overturned To'g'ri javob: B) can be overturned ✔ 6. Remember ___ the evidence room before you leave tonight. A) locking B) locked C) to lock D) lock To'g'ri javob: C) to lock ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 166 7. The suspect was seen ___ the building at midnight. A) to enter B) entered C) to entering D) enter To'g'ri javob: A) to enter✔ 8. I heard the suspect ___ that he had hidden the gun. A) said B) to say C) say D) says To'g'ri javob: C) say ✔ 9. The rights of the accused ___ to him before questioning began. A) had explained B) have been explained C) had been explained D) were explaining To'g'ri javob: C) had been explained ✔ 10. The courtroom ___ every evening after the hearings. A) is cleaning B) cleans C) is cleaned D) has cleaned To'g'ri javob: C) is cleaned ✔ 11. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «Neither the judge / nor the lawyers / was / present at the hearing.» A) present at the hearing. B) nor the lawyers C) Neither the judge D) was To'g'ri javob: D) was ✔ 12. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «Every citizens / has the right / to a fair trial / by an independent court.» A) by an independent court. B) has the right C) Every citizens D) to a fair trial To'g'ri javob: C) Every citizens ✔ 13. It ___ that the defendant was not properly represented at the first trial. A) has been argued B) argues C) has argued D) was arguing To'g'ri javob: A) has been argued ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 167 14. All visitors ___ to switch off their mobile phones in the courtroom. A) are requested B) request C) have requested D) are requesting To'g'ri javob: A) are requested✔ 15. Malicious software disguised as a legitimate, useful program in order to persuade users to install it is called a: A) firewall B) Trojan horse C) worm D) cookie To'g'ri javob: B) Trojan horse ✔ 16. I would like ___ to the detective in charge. A) speaking B) spoken C) speak D) to speak To'g'ri javob: D) to speak ✔ 17. I'd rather ___ the case to a more experienced colleague. A) to give B) give C) given D) giving To'g'ri javob: B) give ✔ 18. The documented record showing who collected, handled and stored an item of evidence from the moment of seizure until it is presented in court is called the: A) chain of command B) line of inquiry C) chain of custody D) audit trail of judges To'g'ri javob: C) chain of custody ✔ 19. The defendant claims ___ the victim before. A) never to have met B) never meeting C) never met D) to never meeting To'g'ri javob: A) never to have met ✔ 20. The rumours ___ by the press office of the ministry. A) were denied B) denied C) had denied D) were denying To'g'ri javob: A) were denied ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 168 21. The natural person who ultimately owns or controls a legal entity, even if the shares are registered in another name, is called the: A) beneficial owner B) nominee director C) company secretary D) registered agent To'g'ri javob: A) beneficial owner✔ 22. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «The judge / ordered / the witness / leave the courtroom.» A) The judge B) ordered C) leave the courtroom. D) the witness To'g'ri javob: C) leave the courtroom. ✔ 23. The officer seemed ___ the answer already. A) know B) knowing C) known D) to know To'g'ri javob: D) to know ✔ 24. The process by which an adult builds an emotional connection with a child online in order to abuse or exploit the child is called: A) flaming B) trolling C) phishing D) grooming To'g'ri javob: D) grooming ✔ 25. The robber threatened ___ the cashier. A) shoot B) shot C) shooting D) to shoot To'g'ri javob: D) to shoot ✔ 26. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «The documents / was / signed / by the director.» A) was B) by the director. C) The documents D) signed To'g'ri javob: A) was ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 169 27. The procedures by which banks verify the identity of their clients and understand the nature of their activities are known as: A) Client Retention Policy B) Know Your Customer C) Customer Loyalty Programme D) Know Your Competitor To'g'ri javob: B) Know Your Customer✔ 28. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «The prosecution / presented many evidences / to prove / the defendant's guilt.» A) to prove B) The prosecution C) presented many evidences D) the defendant's guilt. To'g'ri javob: C) presented many evidences ✔ 29. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «Judges / are used to / deal / with difficult cases every day.» A) with difficult cases every day. B) Judges C) are used to D) deal To'g'ri javob: D) deal ✔ 30. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «Cybercrime / is a growing / threat for / national security.» A) national security. B) is a growing C) Cybercrime D) threat for To'g'ri javob: D) threat for ✔ 31. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «The lawyer / reminded / to his client / about the hearing.» A) about the hearing. B) reminded C) The lawyer D) to his client To'g'ri javob: D) to his client ✔ 32. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «The court / ruled / in favour to / the claimant.» A) the claimant. B) The court C) ruled D) in favour to To'g'ri javob: D) in favour to ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 170 33. Registering an Internet domain name identical to a well-known trademark in bad faith, in order to sell it to the trademark owner at a high price, is called: A) domain mapping B) web hosting C) cyberstalking D) cybersquatting To'g'ri javob: D) cybersquatting✔ 34. The company agreed ___ compensation to the victims. A) to pay B) pay C) paying D) paid To'g'ri javob: A) to pay ✔ 35. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «The suspect / denied / to have taken / the money.» A) The suspect B) to have taken C) denied D) the money. To'g'ri javob: B) to have taken ✔ 36. The evidence was strong enough ___ a conviction. A) to secure B) secured C) securing D) secure To'g'ri javob: A) to secure ✔ 37. The victim's family demanded ___ the investigation file. A) seen B) see C) seeing D) to see To'g'ri javob: D) to see ✔ 38. The stage of money laundering in which funds are moved through complex series of transactions to obscure their origin is called: A) integration B) layering C) placement D) confiscation To'g'ri javob: B) layering ✔ 39. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «Hackers / have stolen / the personal data / of million users.» A) of million users. B) the personal data C) have stolen D) Hackers To'g'ri javob: A) of million users. ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 171 40. An update released by a software vendor to fix a security vulnerability is called a: A) patch B) worm C) cookie D) token To'g'ri javob: A) patch✔ 41. Choose the correct passive form of: «The police are questioning the suspect.» A) The suspect is being questioned by the police. B) The suspect was being questioned by the police. C) The suspect is questioned by the police. D) The suspect has been questioned by the police. To'g'ri javob: A) The suspect is being questioned by the police. ✔ 42. Criminals attach a hidden device to an ATM in order to copy the data from the magnetic stripe of customers' bank cards. This practice is called: A) sniffing B) phishing C) skimming D) spoofing To'g'ri javob: C) skimming ✔ 43. All the documents must ___ by Friday. A) be submit B) submitted C) be submitted D) been submitted To'g'ri javob: C) be submitted ✔ 44. A software vulnerability that is unknown to the vendor and is exploited by attackers before any fix is available is called a: A) backdoor licence B) public patch C) zero-day vulnerability D) legacy bug To'g'ri javob: C) zero-day vulnerability ✔ 45. Many crimes ___ because victims are afraid to go to the police. A) have not reported B) do not report C) are not reporting D) are not reported To'g'ri javob: D) are not reported ✔ 46. Sending fraudulent emails that appear to come from a bank in order to trick recipients into revealing passwords or card details is called: A) spamming B) hacking C) phishing D) skimming To'g'ri javob: C) phishing ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 172 47. Fingerprints ___ on the glass, so the suspect was identified quickly. A) were found B) were finding C) found D) had found To'g'ri javob: A) were found✔ 48. The suspect ___ yesterday at his home. A) has been arrested B) is arrested C) was arrested D) arrested To'g'ri javob: C) was arrested ✔ 49. In digital forensics, a value calculated from a file by a mathematical algorithm and used to prove that the evidence has not been altered since it was seized is called a: A) pixel value B) hash value C) cache value D) IP value To'g'ri javob: B) hash value ✔ 50. Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error: «Although the evidence was weak, / but the jury / found him / guilty.» A) but the jury B) guilty. C) Although the evidence was weak, D) found him To'g'ri javob: A) but the jury ✔ HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 173 Javoblar kaliti Har bir variant bo'yicha: topshiriq raqami va to'g'ri javob. 1-variant 1- B 2- A 3- D 4- C 5- C 6- B 7- C 8- D 9- A 10- B 11- A 12- B 13- B 14- C 15- C 16- C 17- A 18- D 19- C 20- D 21- C 22- C 23- D 24- D 25- A 26- C 27- D 28- B 29- A 30- A 31- D 32- D 33- A 34- C 35- B 36- C 37- C 38- A 39- D 40- A 41- D 42- A 43- C 44- D 45- A 46- A 47- D 48- A 49- D 50- B 2-variant 1- D 2- C 3- A 4- C 5- B 6- D 7- C 8- B 9- A 10- C 11- C 12- A 13- D 14- B 15- C 16- A 17- D 18- A 19- B 20- A 21- C 22- B 23- C 24- D 25- A 26- B 27- C 28- D 29- D 30- B 31- B 32- D 33- B 34- A 35- D 36- D 37- B 38- A 39- D 40- D 41- C 42- A 43- A 44- B 45- B 46- B 47- A 48- D 49- A 50- C 3-variant 1- D 2- D 3- A 4- D 5- C 6- D 7- D 8- C 9- D 10- D 11- D 12- B 13- D 14- B 15- B 16- C 17- B 18- D 19- D 20- A 21- A 22- C 23- C 24- C 25- C 26- B 27- D 28- B 29- D 30- A 31- C 32- C 33- A 34- B 35- C 36- D 37- B 38- D 39- A 40- C 41- D 42- C 43- A 44- A 45- D 46- D 47- A 48- A 49- A 50- C 4-variant 1- B 2- C 3- B 4- C 5- A 6- D 7- B 8- D 9- A 10- D 11- B 12- C 13- A 14- C 15- C 16- B 17- A 18- B 19- D 20- C 21- B 22- A 23- D 24- A 25- A 26- B 27- D 28- D 29- D 30- B 31- A 32- A 33- C 34- A 35- D 36- A 37- A 38- B 39- C 40- B 41- D 42- A 43- B 44- B 45- B 46- B 47- A 48- B 49- D 50- B 5-variant 1- B 2- B 3- B 4- B 5- A 6- B 7- D 8- A 9- C 10- D 11- D 12- B 13- A 14- C 15- D 16- B 17- C 18- D 19- B 20- C 21- A 22- A 23- D 24- B 25- D 26- D 27- C 28- A 29- A 30- C 31- D 32- B 33- B 34- B 35- C 36- A 37- B 38- A 39- D 40- A 41- A 42- A 43- A 44- B 45- D 46- C 47- C 48- D 49- A 50- D 6-variant 1- B 2- C 3- A 4- A 5- B 6- D 7- D 8- D 9- D 10- C 11- C 12- A 13- B 14- D 15- C 16- D 17- A 18- C 19- C 20- D 21- B 22- B 23- D 24- B 25- D 26- B 27- A 28- C 29- C 30- C 31- C 32- D 33- B 34- C 35- A 36- C 37- C 38- B 39- D 40- D HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 174 41- C 42- D 43- B 44- A 45- A 46- B 47- C 48- D 49- D 50- D 7-variant 1- C 2- D 3- A 4- D 5- D 6- D 7- B 8- C 9- C 10- B 11- B 12- A 13- C 14- A 15- A 16- D 17- D 18- B 19- A 20- C 21- A 22- D 23- A 24- C 25- C 26- C 27- D 28- C 29- B 30- C 31- D 32- A 33- B 34- D 35- B 36- C 37- B 38- D 39- A 40- A 41- A 42- A 43- C 44- A 45- D 46- D 47- A 48- B 49- A 50- D 8-variant 1- C 2- A 3- D 4- C 5- C 6- B 7- B 8- C 9- C 10- D 11- A 12- A 13- C 14- C 15- A 16- C 17- D 18- A 19- A 20- D 21- D 22- D 23- A 24- B 25- D 26- A 27- A 28- A 29- D 30- C 31- D 32- C 33- C 34- C 35- C 36- D 37- B 38- B 39- C 40- B 41- A 42- A 43- D 44- C 45- B 46- A 47- B 48- A 49- A 50- B 9-variant 1- C 2- B 3- A 4- A 5- C 6- D 7- A 8- C 9- C 10- C 11- B 12- A 13- A 14- B 15- B 16- A 17- B 18- C 19- A 20- B 21- A 22- D 23- C 24- A 25- B 26- A 27- A 28- C 29- C 30- D 31- B 32- A 33- D 34- C 35- C 36- D 37- A 38- B 39- B 40- B 41- A 42- C 43- D 44- C 45- B 46- A 47- B 48- A 49- A 50- C 10-variant 1- A 2- B 3- B 4- B 5- C 6- B 7- B 8- A 9- D 10- B 11- B 12- B 13- B 14- D 15- D 16- C 17- C 18- D 19- C 20- A 21- A 22- D 23- B 24- D 25- B 26- D 27- C 28- A 29- B 30- A 31- C 32- A 33- A 34- A 35- D 36- A 37- D 38- D 39- D 40- B 41- C 42- D 43- A 44- D 45- D 46- C 47- C 48- A 49- D 50- B 11-variant 1- C 2- A 3- D 4- D 5- C 6- B 7- B 8- C 9- B 10- D 11- D 12- C 13- A 14- A 15- B 16- C 17- D 18- C 19- A 20- B 21- A 22- C 23- D 24- B 25- A 26- A 27- B 28- B 29- A 30- A 31- A 32- B 33- D 34- D 35- A 36- C 37- B 38- A 39- C 40- C 41- A 42- C 43- A 44- D 45- D 46- D 47- B 48- B 49- C 50- B 12-variant 1- B 2- D 3- D 4- C 5- D 6- C 7- C 8- D 9- D 10- D 11- C 12- C 13- C 14- B 15- C 16- D 17- D 18- C 19- B 20- A 21- B 22- B 23- B 24- C 25- B 26- C 27- D 28- D 29- D 30- D 31- D 32- B 33- A 34- D 35- D 36- D 37- A 38- A 39- B 40- C 41- C 42- A 43- A 44- A 45- C 46- D 47- A 48- C 49- D 50- B HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 175 13-variant 1- B 2- B 3- D 4- C 5- B 6- D 7- B 8- B 9- D 10- A 11- D 12- A 13- C 14- A 15- A 16- A 17- A 18- B 19- B 20- A 21- D 22- A 23- D 24- D 25- B 26- A 27- D 28- B 29- C 30- C 31- C 32- D 33- C 34- D 35- B 36- B 37- A 38- D 39- C 40- C 41- B 42- D 43- C 44- C 45- A 46- D 47- D 48- A 49- A 50- A 14-variant 1- A 2- A 3- D 4- A 5- D 6- A 7- D 8- D 9- B 10- B 11- D 12- D 13- D 14- A 15- A 16- D 17- D 18- D 19- D 20- D 21- C 22- B 23- D 24- A 25- C 26- B 27- C 28- A 29- C 30- D 31- A 32- D 33- B 34- A 35- B 36- C 37- D 38- A 39- C 40- C 41- C 42- D 43- B 44- C 45- D 46- B 47- C 48- A 49- A 50- D 15-variant 1- A 2- B 3- C 4- C 5- C 6- B 7- C 8- A 9- C 10- C 11- A 12- C 13- C 14- D 15- D 16- A 17- D 18- D 19- D 20- B 21- B 22- D 23- B 24- C 25- C 26- C 27- D 28- B 29- D 30- A 31- D 32- A 33- B 34- B 35- B 36- C 37- C 38- D 39- C 40- C 41- B 42- B 43- D 44- B 45- A 46- A 47- D 48- D 49- A 50- D 16-variant 1- A 2- B 3- A 4- D 5- B 6- D 7- D 8- A 9- A 10- A 11- A 12- D 13- A 14- A 15- D 16- B 17- D 18- C 19- A 20- B 21- D 22- B 23- A 24- B 25- A 26- D 27- A 28- C 29- C 30- B 31- A 32- D 33- D 34- C 35- C 36- D 37- B 38- D 39- D 40- B 41- D 42- D 43- B 44- D 45- A 46- D 47- A 48- C 49- C 50- A 17-variant 1- A 2- A 3- B 4- C 5- C 6- D 7- C 8- C 9- B 10- B 11- D 12- D 13- B 14- B 15- B 16- D 17- B 18- B 19- D 20- D 21- B 22- A 23- B 24- C 25- D 26- B 27- B 28- C 29- A 30- B 31- C 32- D 33- B 34- A 35- A 36- A 37- A 38- C 39- B 40- A 41- A 42- C 43- C 44- C 45- A 46- C 47- D 48- C 49- A 50- A 18-variant 1- A 2- B 3- A 4- D 5- B 6- B 7- B 8- C 9- D 10- A 11- D 12- A 13- B 14- D 15- C 16- A 17- A 18- D 19- A 20- B 21- C 22- B 23- A 24- B 25- D 26- A 27- D 28- A 29- C 30- B 31- D 32- A 33- B 34- B 35- C 36- D 37- B 38- B 39- C 40- C 41- A 42- D 43- D 44- D 45- D 46- B 47- A 48- D 49- A 50- B HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 176 19-variant 1- A 2- A 3- D 4- D 5- C 6- D 7- A 8- D 9- B 10- B 11- A 12- C 13- D 14- B 15- C 16- B 17- D 18- B 19- B 20- C 21- A 22- D 23- B 24- A 25- A 26- A 27- D 28- B 29- B 30- A 31- D 32- D 33- D 34- A 35- A 36- D 37- A 38- C 39- D 40- D 41- B 42- D 43- B 44- B 45- C 46- A 47- B 48- A 49- B 50- C 20-variant 1- C 2- D 3- A 4- B 5- B 6- C 7- A 8- C 9- C 10- C 11- D 12- C 13- A 14- A 15- B 16- D 17- B 18- C 19- A 20- A 21- A 22- C 23- D 24- D 25- D 26- A 27- B 28- C 29- D 30- D 31- D 32- D 33- D 34- A 35- B 36- A 37- D 38- B 39- A 40- A 41- A 42- C 43- C 44- C 45- D 46- C 47- A 48- C 49- B 50- A HMQA — Ingliz tili — magistratura mashq variantlari | 177

HUQUQNI MUHOFAZA QILISH AKADEMIYASI: CHET TILI (INGLIZ TILI)

Magistraturaga kirish test sinoviga tayyorgarlik: variantlar to'plami (2026– 2027)

20 ta variant • 1000 ta topshiriq • javoblari bilan

Mashq to'plami • 2025–2026 o'quv yili

Imtihon tuzilishi va yo'riqnoma

• Huquqni muhofaza qilish akademiyasi magistraturasiga kirish imtihonlari uch bosqichdan iborat: maxsus psixologik test, yozma imtihon (esse) va chet tili test sinovi. 2026-yilgi qabulda asosiy dasturlarga arizalar iyun–iyul oylarida my.uzbmb.uz orqali qabul qilinib, imtihonlar avgust oyida o'tkazilgan.

• Mutaxassisliklar: «Tergov faoliyati», «Prokurorlik faoliyati», «Korrupsiyaga qarshi kurash», «Xalqaro inson huquqlari huquqi», «Kiberxavfsizlikni huquqiy ta'minlash».

• Savollar soni va baholash mezonlari rasmiy manbada ko'rsatilmagan, shu sababli to'plam 20 ta variant × 50 ta savol ko'rinishida tuzildi. To'g'ri javob har bir savol ostida yashil rangda, hujjat oxirida javoblar kaliti bor.

• Muhim: rasmiy imtihon materiallari ochiq e'lon qilinmaydi. Bu mashq savollari.

Sotib olish